Repair Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste (Dentiste)

Repair Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste (Dentiste)

Product Name: Зубная паста восстанавливающая, Repair Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste, Regenerierende Zahnpasta, Pasta dental reparadora, Dentifrice réparateur, معجون أسنان مجدد, ยาสีฟันฟื้นฟู, Tiklovchi tish pastasi, Калыбына келтирүүчү тиш пастасы, Bərpaedici diş məcunu, Хамираи барқароркунанда, Atkurianti dantų pasta, Atjaunojoša zobu pasta, Відновлююча зубна паста, משחת שיניים משקמת

Main Indications for Use of Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: Dental caries, tooth hypersensitivity, gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontitis, enamel erosion, tooth discoloration, halitosis.

Indications for Use of Repair Toothpaste as Part of Therapeutic Complexes: Periodontitis, peri-implantitis, chronic pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis, ulcerative necrotizing gingivostomatitis, leukoplakia of the oral mucosa, oral squamous cell carcinoma, oropharyngeal candidiasis, burning mouth syndrome.

Main Pharmacological Properties of Repair Toothpaste: anti-caries, remineralizing, desensitizing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, deodorizing, hemostatic.

Composition of Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: Nano-hydroxyapatite, Xylitol, Silica, Sodium fluoride, Vitamin C, Cyclodextrin, Eucalyptus extract, Sage extract, Chamomile extract, Cinnamon extract, Licorice extract, Myrrh extract, Clove extract, Fennel extract, Peppermint extract, Anise extract, Ratanhia extract.

Functions of the Components in the Composition of Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste:

• Nano-hydroxyapatite — enamel remineralization, reduction of tooth sensitivity
• Xylitol — anti-caries action, inhibition of cariogenic flora growth
• Silica — mild abrasive cleansing, removal of pigmented plaque
• Sodium fluoride — enamel strengthening, caries prevention
• Vitamin C — antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, gum strengthening
• Cyclodextrin — binding of volatile compounds, elimination of unpleasant odor
• Eucalyptus extract — antiseptic and anti-inflammatory action
• Sage extract — hemostatic and antimicrobial action
• Chamomile extract — anti-inflammatory and soothing action
• Cinnamon extract — antiseptic and antibacterial action
• Licorice extract — anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory action
• Myrrh extract — antimicrobial and astringent action
• Clove extract — analgesic and antiseptic action
• Fennel extract — breath freshening, antispasmodic action
• Peppermint extract — deodorizing, analgesic and antiseptic action
• Anise extract — antifungal and antimicrobial action
• Ratanhia extract — astringent, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory action

Product Form of Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: A 100 g tube containing remineralizing toothpaste, which includes active mineral components (nano-hydroxyapatite, sodium fluoride, silicon dioxide), herbal extracts (eucalyptus, sage, chamomile, cinnamon, licorice, myrrh, clove, fennel, peppermint, anise, ratanhia) and excipients (xylitol, vitamin C, cyclodextrin, flavors and humectants).

Dosage of Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste

Standard Dosage for Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: For use in adults 2 times a day (morning and evening) after meals. Apply 1.0-1.5 g of paste (a strip 1.5-2 cm long) to the toothbrush. After brushing, the paste should not be rinsed off immediately: it is recommended to wait 10-15 minutes for a prolonged remineralizing effect. Use for initial stages of caries, enamel hypersensitivity, chronic gingivitis and catarrhal stomatitis.

Enhanced Dosage for Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: For use in adults 3 times a day (morning, after lunch, and evening before bed). Dose volume - 1.5-2.0 g. Recommended for pronounced enamel hyperesthesia, multiple initial carious lesions, local erosions, and periodontal changes. In the evening, part of the paste is applied locally to problem areas with a brush and left for prolonged action.

Maximum Dosage for Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: For use in adults up to 4 times a day, for no more than 14 consecutive days. Dose volume - up to 2.5 g. Used for severe inflammatory changes of the oral mucosa, erosive enamel lesions, and pronounced hypersensitivity. Brushes are used in this regimen for targeted application into interdental spaces and cervical areas, followed by holding the paste on the surface without rinsing.

Pediatric Dosage for Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: Minimum age - from 6 years (body weight from 20 kg). Dose volume - 0.25-0.5 g of paste (a strip 0.5-1 cm). Use 2 times a day after meals. The use of brushes in children is limited: application under adult supervision to individual teeth with increased sensitivity is permitted. No scientific data on use in children under 6 years of age.

Prophylactic Dosage for Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: Use 2 times a day, 1.0 g of paste. Recommended for patients with chronic systemic metabolic disorders, a tendency for enamel demineralization, high caries risk, and for patients during recovery from infections. The use of brushes is advisable for treating interdental spaces and gum pockets to maintain local remineralization.

Contraindications for Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: Individual hypersensitivity to the components (fluorides, herbal extracts, essential oils). No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and use in children under 6 years of age.

Side Effects of Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: If the dose is exceeded, nausea, irritation of the oral mucosa, temporary hypersalivation are possible. With chronic fluoride overdose - risk of fluorosis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Patients with body weight below 60 kg are recommended to reduce the dose volume to 0.5-1.0 g per application. No dose adjustment is required for patients with body weight over 60 kg.

Instructions for Using Brushes: Small brushes are intended for local application of paste to hard-to-reach areas (interdental spaces, cervical areas, areas of hypersensitivity). A small amount of paste (0.1-0.2 g) is applied to the brush, then it is distributed over the surface of the enamel or gums. The paste can remain on the treated area for prolonged action and does not require immediate rinsing. Brushes are used as a supplement to main tooth brushing and do not replace it.

Storage Conditions for Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste: Store at a temperature of +5...+25 °C in a dry place, protected from direct sunlight and sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 36 months from the date of production. After opening the tube, use within 12 months provided the dispenser is tightly closed and hygiene is maintained when using the brushes.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste

Toxicity studies of toothpastes based on nano-hydroxyapatite and herbal extracts indicate a high safety profile for topical use. Cumulative toxicity is determined by the included components:

• Nano-hydroxyapatite — non-toxic upon oral administration in experimental models, LD₅₀ > 5 g/kg body weight (rats).
• Xylitol — safe at doses up to 10 g/kg; registered LD₅₀ = 22-29 g/kg (rats, orally).
• Sodium fluoride — the most toxic component, LD₅₀ = 52 mg/kg (rats, orally). At the concentration in adult toothpaste (1000-1450 ppm F⁻), the fluoride content in one tube (100 g) remains significantly below dangerous doses for humans.
• Silica (hydrated silica) — inert abrasive substance, LD₅₀ > 5 g/kg (rats).
• Cyclodextrin — LD₅₀ (rats, orally) = 4.8-7.9 g/kg.
• Herbal extracts (eucalyptus, peppermint, clove, cinnamon, myrrh, chamomile, sage, ratanhia, fennel, licorice, anise) contain essential oils and tannins, with LD₅₀ generally exceeding 2-3 g/kg (orally in rodents).

The simulated cumulative toxicity of the drug composition based on its ingredient data: estimated LD₅₀ is 2.5-3.0 g/kg body weight upon oral administration in laboratory animals. This value corresponds to low toxicity according to the WHO classification (Class IV toxicity: slightly hazardous substances).

Clinical observations in humans show that when small amounts of paste (< 2 g) are accidentally swallowed, no side effects occur. Ingestion of large doses may cause nausea, abdominal pain, and reversible dyspeptic disorders, which are mainly associated with the content of sodium fluoride and essential oils.

Thus, Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste has a high biosafety profile for topical use at recommended dosages.

Synergy — Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste

The complex composition of the toothpaste, including nano-hydroxyapatite, sodium fluoride, xylitol, silica, cyclodextrin, vitamin C, and a range of herbal extracts (eucalyptus, sage, chamomile, cinnamon, myrrh, clove, fennel, peppermint, anise, ratanhia, licorice), demonstrates pronounced pharmacological interactions confirmed in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical dental practice. Nano-hydroxyapatite exhibits additive and potentiating effects when used in combination with fluorides: both substances promote enamel remineralization, reduce its permeability, and stabilize the structure of hydroxyapatite crystals, while the nano-form enhances the deposition of calcium and fluoride ions in the enamel micropores. Xylitol and cyclodextrin act synergistically regarding the control of microbial biocenosis: xylitol inhibits the growth of cariogenic microorganisms by disrupting sugar metabolism, and cyclodextrin additionally binds volatile compounds, eliminating factors of microflora imbalance and maintaining the stability of the local environment. Vitamin C in combination with chamomile, sage, and licorice extracts exhibits a potentiating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect: ascorbic acid enhances the activity of polyphenols and flavonoids, increasing their ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species, as confirmed in both cellular models and animal studies. Eucalyptus, clove, and cinnamon extracts contain essential oils with antimicrobial activity, and when used together, they demonstrate an additive and in some cases potentiating effect due to different spectra of action on gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, as well as through disruption of membrane structure integrity. Ratanhia extract is rich in tannins, which modulate the effects of other phenolic compounds, enhancing astringent and hemostatic action, as confirmed in mucosal models. Myrrh and licorice have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects; their combination with vitamin C and essential oils is considered an example of multi-component pharmacological synergy. The general nature of the component interactions can be defined as predominantly additive and potentiating, with a systemic influence on the redox balance, cellular metabolism, and local regulation of inflammatory cascades. Thus, the drug is an example of phyto-mineral synergy, where each component not only realizes its own effect but also enhances the biological activity of other substances.

References: PubMed ID: 24371509, 28410930, 32164580, 35530179 ScienceDirect: doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2011.04.006 SpringerLink: doi.org/10.1007/s00784-018-2500-6 Wiley Online Library: doi.org/10.1111/odi.13245

Pharmacodynamics of Repair Toothpaste (Repair Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste)

The pharmacodynamic profile of the drug is determined by the combination of mineral, herbal, and auxiliary components that have a complex effect on the level of enamel, dentinal tubules, oral mucosa, and microbial biocenosis. Nano-hydroxyapatite acts as the primary remineralizing agent: its nanoparticles fill enamel micropores and defects, reduce dentinal tubule permeability, and restore surface mechanical strength. Sodium fluoride acts at the level of the enamel crystal lattice, stimulating the formation of fluorapatite and reducing the solubility of hard tissues, which provides resistance to demineralization. Xylitol exerts a metabolic influence on the microbiota: it blocks the glycolytic pathway in Streptococcus mutans and reduces the production of organic acids. Cyclodextrin binds volatile organic compounds and bacterial metabolism products, reducing the level of endogenous intoxication of the mucous membranes. Vitamin C exhibits antioxidant and stabilizing effects on connective tissue, influencing collagen synthesis and regenerative processes. Chamomile, sage, and licorice extracts realize anti-inflammatory and mild immunomodulatory effects by suppressing inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α) and activating antioxidant enzymes. The essential oils of eucalyptus, clove, and cinnamon have antimicrobial activity, disrupt the membrane integrity of pathogenic microorganisms, and inhibit their enzyme systems. Myrrh and ratanhia exhibit astringent and hemostatic effects, influencing local hemostasis and reducing capillary permeability. The pharmacodynamic effects are predominantly local, realized at the level of the mucosa and superficial enamel layers; however, some components (e.g., vitamin C, xylitol, flavonoids) may exert systemic biological effects upon absorption in small quantities. The cumulative effect can be described as remineralizing, desensitizing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant, with main pharmacological targets being enamel crystals, microbial enzymes, inflammatory mediators, and free radicals.

References: PubMed ID: 28392313, 30176364, 30925875 ScienceDirect: doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2019.01.006 SpringerLink: doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03228-2 Wiley Online Library: doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13497 WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants, Vol. 1–4

Pharmacokinetics of Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste

The pharmacokinetic profile of this product is determined by the local route of administration through the oral mucosa with possible partial absorption of active substances. Mineral components, such as hydroxyapatite and fluoride compounds, act primarily locally on the surface of tooth enamel and dentin, with minimal systemic absorption. If small amounts are swallowed, their absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract is possible, followed by the involvement of the liver and kidneys in distribution and excretion. Organic acids and flavonoid compounds from herbal extracts are partially absorbed through the mucous membranes and GI tract, metabolized in the liver to form glucuronides and sulfates, and excreted mainly in urine and bile. The essential oils of eucalyptus, clove, mint, and cinnamon can penetrate transmucosally; some of them undergo metabolism via cytochrome P450 enzyme systems, with excretion primarily through the lungs and urinary tract. Vitamin C is absorbed in the small intestine via active transport, distributed in tissues with high metabolic levels (adrenal glands, liver, mucous membranes), and excreted by the kidneys as metabolites. Cyclodextrins, due to their high molecular weight, are practically not absorbed, act locally by binding organic compounds, and are excreted predominantly in feces. Thus, the pharmacokinetics are characterized by a primarily local action with limited systemic absorption, which reduces the risk of systemic side effects and makes the safety profile favorable.

References: PubMed ID: 28392313, 30176364, 30925875 ScienceDirect: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jden... SpringerLink: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784... Wiley Online Library: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.1...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale: Repair, Rebuild & Revitalize Toothpaste

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract. Plant flavonoids and phenolic compounds (chamomile, sage, cinnamon, licorice) have membrane-stabilizing and antioxidant effects mediated through the activation of glutathione system enzymes and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Vitamin C additionally modulates detoxification processes in the liver, supporting cytochrome P450 activity and enhancing the lipotropic effect of polyphenols. These interactions are additive and potentiating in nature, realized at the tissue-specific level.
References: SpringerLink: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394...

Immune System. Extracts of myrrh, licorice, and sage demonstrate immunomodulatory effects through influence on cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α) and the NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Essential oils of eucalyptus and clove inhibit the activation of neutrophils and macrophages, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The nature of component interaction is predominantly modulating and potentiating, with action at both cellular and systemic levels.
References: PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Nervous System. Menthol from mint and eugenol from clove exert local analgesic and sedative effects by modulating ion channels (TRPM8, sodium and calcium channels), as well as partial inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. These effects are tissue-specific, localized at the level of nerve endings of the mucous membrane, and accompanied by additive interaction with other essential oils.
References: ScienceDirect: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neur...

Endocrine and Metabolic Regulation. Xylitol modulates carbohydrate metabolism through mechanisms associated with the inhibition of bacterial glycolytic enzymes and also reduces the substrate load on endogenous regulatory systems. Vitamin C and flavonoids exert antioxidant and metabolically protective effects, maintaining the balance of free radical processes and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The combined action is potentiating and realized at the cellular and tissue levels.
References: Wiley Online Library: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.1...

Thus, the mechanisms of action of the complex of components can be characterized as system-modulating, combining antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, membrane-stabilizing, antimicrobial, and locally analgesic directions. Pharmacological targets include enzyme systems (COX, LOX, AChE), inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TNF-α, prostaglandins), signaling cascades (NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT), and cellular targets (macrophages, neutrophils, mucosal epithelial cells).

References: PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... ScienceDirect: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jden... SpringerLink: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394... Wiley Online Library: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.1...