Collagen

Collagen

Product Name: Коллаген, Collagen, Kollagen, Colágeno, Collagène, الكولاجين, คอลลาเจน, Kollagen, Коллаген, Kollagen, Коллаген, Kolagenas, Kolagēns, Колаген, Kollagen, קולגן

Synonyms: коллаген, гидролизованный коллаген, желатин, коллагеновые пептиды, соединительнотканный белок; collagen, hydrolyzed collagen, gelatin, collagen peptides; Kollagen, hydrolysiertes Kollagen, Gelatine; colágeno, gelatina, colágeno hidrolizado; collagène, gélatine, collagène hydrolysé; الكولاجين, الجيلاتين, كولاجين متحلل; คอลลาเจน, เจลาติน, คอลลาเจนเปปไทด์

Main Indications for Use of Collagen: Knee osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, skin photoaging, idiopathic skin dryness, telangiectasias, pseudoptosis of facial soft tissues, atrophic scars, brittle nails, alopecia, sarcopenia, connective tissue dysplasia, chronic venous insufficiency, joint hypermobility, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, periodontitis.

Use of Collagen in mixtures and complexes: Atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, gastric ulcer, diabetic neuropathy, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, metabolic syndrome, chronic stress, neurodegenerative diseases, fibromyalgia.

Pharmacological Properties of Collagen: Structural, reparative, antioxidant, anti-aging, photoprotective, angioprotective, immunomodulatory, chondroprotective, osteotropic, anti-inflammatory, dermatotropic, trophostimulating, antiapoptotic, regenerative, wound-healing, anti-edematous, vessel-strengthening.

Dosage of Pharmacological Forms — Collagen

Powder — Collagen

Indications (Powder): Knee osteoarthritis, hip osteoarthritis, idiopathic osteoporosis, senile osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, sarcopenia, atrophic scars, connective tissue dysplasia, pseudoptosis of facial soft tissues, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency, telangiectasias, periodontitis.

Standard Dosage (Powder): Oral intake of 5 grams of powder once a day in the morning on an empty stomach, with 150 milliliters of warm water. Course of use — 90 days, with possible repetition after a break of 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 10 grams of powder per day, divided into two doses: morning and evening. Recommended for severe forms of osteoarthritis, post-traumatic destruction of cartilage tissue, severe stages of osteoporosis, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): Up to 15 grams of powder per day, exclusively under specialist supervision. Used for severe sarcopenia, severe connective tissue dysplasias, complex therapy of post-fracture conditions.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 2.5 grams of powder once a day in the morning. Recommended for chronic venous insufficiency, to slow age-related skin changes, prevention of osteoporosis in perimenopausal women, and systemic joint hypermobility. Course — 60 days, 2–3 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): Used in children over 12 years of age with a body weight from 40 kilograms at a dosage of 2.5 grams once a day. No sex-based differentiation of dosage is required. Prescription is possible only in the presence of indications, including dysplastic connective tissue disorders and systemic hypermobility.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual intolerance to collagen, phenylketonuria, exacerbation of gastric ulcer. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): Scientifically registered: dyspepsia, feeling of heaviness in the stomach, constipation, flatulence when taking more than 10 grams per day. In rare cases, skin allergic reactions are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For body weight less than 60 kilograms, a reduction of the daily dosage by 20% of the standard is recommended. For body weight above 90 kilograms, an increase of dosage by 20% is allowed, while maintaining the standard frequency of intake.

Preparation Method (Powder): For the preparation of 100 grams of powder: Hydrolyzed collagen — 100 grams. The powder is packaged in airtight glass or biodegradable packaging. The raw material must be obtained from organic sources: skins of marine fish or cattle with certification without hormonal additives. Drying at a temperature of 40–45 °C to a residual moisture content of no more than 5% is mandatory, followed by grinding to a fraction of no more than 100 µm. The product does not require the addition of preservatives or stabilizers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in an airtight container in a dry, dark place at a temperature from 5 to 25 °C. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight, excessive moisture, and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening the package, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Collagen

Indications (Dry Extract): Knee osteoarthritis, hip osteoarthritis, idiopathic osteoporosis, postmenopausal osteoporosis, sarcopenia, connective tissue dysplasia, atrophic scars, pseudoptosis of facial soft tissues, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency, alopecia, periodontitis.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): Oral intake of 400 milligrams of dry extract once a day 30 minutes before meals. Duration of the course — 60 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 800 milligrams 2 times a day. Recommended for severe sarcopenia, severe stages of osteoporosis, active phase of degenerative-dystrophic joint diseases, post-traumatic rehabilitation.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 1,200 milligrams per day. Indicated for extensive violations of connective tissue integrity, combination of osteoporosis with dysplasia, severe forms of periodontitis. Prescription only under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 200 milligrams once a day. Recommended for chronic venous insufficiency, joint hypermobility, genetic predisposition to osteoporosis, prevention of age-related changes in the skin and soft tissues. Course — 45 days, 2 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): Used in children over 12 years of age with a body weight from 40 kilograms at a dose of 200 milligrams once a day. Prescribed for systemic hypermobility, congenital connective tissue dysplasia, and disorders of bone skeleton formation.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Individual intolerance, acute liver and kidney diseases. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): With overdose, dyspeptic disorders are possible, including nausea, a feeling of heaviness in the epigastrium, and skin itching. The established side effects are registered when the dosage exceeds 1,200 mg per day.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For patients with body weight less than 60 kilograms, a reduction of dosage by 25% is recommended. For weight above 90 kilograms, an increase of dosage by 20% is permissible.

Preparation Method (Dry Extract): To obtain 100 grams of dry extract: Collagen of animal origin (fish or beef) — 1,000 grams of raw material. Purified water — 2,000 milliliters. Hydrolysis is carried out at a temperature of 65–70 °C for 12 hours, then the extract is filtered, thickened by vacuum evaporation to a moisture content of 10–15%, and dried by lyophilization or spray drying. The resulting powder is sieved and packaged in airtight glass containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in a dry, darkened place at a temperature from 5 to 20 °C. Avoid exposure to moisture and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Collagen

Indications (Tincture): Atrophic scars, post-acne, pseudoptosis of facial soft tissues, connective tissue dysplasia, telangiectasias, periodontitis, inflammatory gum diseases, cicatricial skin changes, local tissue hypotrophy.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): Topical use: 5–10 drops of tincture are applied locally 2 times a day to cleansed skin or mucous membranes using a cotton swab. Course of use — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 10–15 drops 3 times a day topically, used for pronounced fibrous scars, skin hypotrophy, in complex therapy of severe periodontitis or gingivitis.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): Up to 20 drops 3 times a day on limited areas of skin or mucous membrane under specialist supervision. Used for deep dermal defects, post-traumatic or postoperative scars.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 3–5 drops once a day in the evening, in a course of 21 days, for the prevention of age-related skin changes, in patients with chronic venous insufficiency, genetic predisposition to connective tissue weakness.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Not used in children under 12 years of age. For children over 12 years of age — no more than 2 drops on local skin areas once a day. Only in the presence of strict indications (e.g., hypotrophic scars, congenital dysplasia).

Contraindications (Tincture): Individual intolerance, active inflammatory skin processes, eczema, weeping dermatoses. Do not use on open wounds and burns. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): Local reactions have been scientifically recorded: burning, itching, hyperemia in case of overdose or individual sensitivity. A feeling of skin tightness is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required, as it is applied locally. It is important to consider the application area and individual reactivity of the skin.

Preparation Method (Tincture): For the preparation of 100 milliliters of tincture: hydrolyzed collagen — 10 grams; purified water — 20 milliliters; 70% ethyl alcohol — 70 milliliters. Hydrolyzed collagen is pre-dissolved in water, then mixed with alcohol. The mixture is infused in dark glass for 7 days at a temperature of 18–22 °C. After infusion, it is filtered and stored in an airtight container. Does not require preservatives.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in airtight dark glass at a temperature from 5 to 25 °C, away from light and heat sources. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 45 days. Avoid storage near sources of electromagnetic radiation.

Oil Infusion — Collagen

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atrophic scars, pseudoptosis of facial soft tissues, age-related skin hypotrophy, connective tissue dysplasia, skin dryness, cicatricial changes after burns and injuries, telangiectasias, skin angiopathies, cracks of the skin of the nipples and lips.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Topical use: 1–2 milliliters of oil infusion are applied to clean skin 1–2 times a day with light massage movements. Duration of the course — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): 2 milliliters 3 times a day on affected skin areas. Used for pronounced dermatological disorders — deep atrophic scars, chronic trophic dryness, post-laser skin damage.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 3 milliliters 3 times a day, strictly on limited areas. Recommended for severe skin hypotrophy, scars after burns, surgical interventions, as part of multicomponent regeneration programs.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): 1 milliliter once a day in the evening on risk zones (face, neck, décolleté). Used in patients over 40 years of age, with a genetic tendency to skin flaccidity, in perimenopausal women. Course — 20 days quarterly.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): Allowed from 10 years of age. Apply 0.5 milliliters once a day locally to skin areas in the presence of indications (scars, skin cracks, dysplastic conditions). Sex does not affect the dosage.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual sensitivity to components, acute inflammatory skin diseases, acne in the active stage, oily seborrhea. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 10 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Rarely — pore blockage, comedogenic effect; when applied to oily skin, inflammatory elements are possible. When the dosage is exceeded, hyperemia and irritation are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required, as it is applied topically to limited areas. The volume is adjusted according to the area of the lesion.

Preparation Method (Oil Infusion): hydrolyzed collagen — 10 grams; first cold-pressed edible coconut oil — 90 grams. Coconut oil is heated to 40 °C in a water bath. Collagen is slowly introduced into it with constant stirring until uniform distribution. The mixture is infused in glass for 3 days in a dark place at a temperature of 18–22 °C. Then it is filtered through gauze and packaged in sterile glass vials.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store at a temperature from 5 to 20 °C in a dark place protected from direct light and EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days, avoiding contact with water and air.

Vaginal Suppositories — Collagen

Indications (Vaginal Suppositories): Atrophic vaginitis, postmenopausal vaginal dryness, connective tissue dysplasia in the genital area, cicatricial changes after childbirth, dystrophy of the vaginal mucosa, recurrent vulvovaginitis, mucosal hypotrophy in women in the climacteric period.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository (containing 200 milligrams of hydrolyzed collagen) is inserted deep into the vagina at night, daily for 10–14 days. Repeat course — not earlier than after 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for 10 days. Used for severe vaginal dryness, after radiation therapy, for dystrophic changes and painful mucosal microtraumas.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Up to 3 suppositories per day — 1 every 8 hours. Permissible for no more than 5 days, then transition to the standard regimen. Used in the postoperative period or for pronounced trophic disorder of the vaginal mucosa.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository every other day for 10–15 days. Recommended for menopausal women, with systemic connective tissue dysplasias, a tendency to mucosal hypotrophy, and patients who have undergone colposcopic interventions. Preventive course — 2 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Not used in childhood before puberty. In girls over 15 years of age and in the presence of clear gynecological indications, the use of ½ suppository once a day under medical supervision is permissible.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppositories): Acute inflammatory processes of the vagina and cervix, bloody discharge of unclear etiology, malignant neoplasms of the genital organs. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered. Not used in girls under 15 years of age.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppositories): Isolated cases of burning and itching in the first days of use, a feeling of a foreign body, copious mucous discharge in case of increased sensitivity to collagen have been registered. Overdose causes local irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required, as the preparation acts locally. Adjustment is possible only according to mucosal sensitivity, not body weight.

Preparation Method (Vaginal Suppositories): For the preparation of 100 grams of suppository mass: hydrolyzed collagen — 20 grams; cocoa butter — 75 grams; purified beeswax — 5 grams. The components are melted in a water bath at a temperature of 50 °C. Collagen is introduced with active stirring. After obtaining a homogeneous mass, it is poured into suppository molds (2 grams each). They are cooled to 4 °C and kept for 12 hours before packaging.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppositories): Store in the original packaging in a refrigerator at a temperature from +2 to +8 °C. Protect from moisture and direct light. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening the blister, use within 7 days. Do not freeze.

Rectal Suppositories — Collagen

Indications (Rectal Suppositories): Chronic anal fissure, postoperative damage to the anorectal area, hemorrhoids at the healing stage, proctitis of hypotrophic nature, cicatricial changes of the rectal mucosa, dystrophy of the mucous membrane in elderly patients, connective tissue dysplasia with anal sphincter impairment.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository (contains 200 milligrams of hydrolyzed collagen) rectally once a day after defecation, in a course of 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening), used for pronounced mucosal defects, after surgical interventions on the rectum, for deep chronic anal canal fissures.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): Up to 3 suppositories per day — frequency of use every 8 hours, for a duration of no more than 5 days, then transition to the standard dosage is recommended. Used for severe dystrophy of the rectal mucosa and in the postoperative period.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository every other day before bedtime, in a course of 10 days. Recommended for patients with chronic hemorrhoidal nodes in remission, elderly people with anal hypotension, patients with chronic connective tissue dysplasia. Preventive course is possible 2 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): Use is allowed in children over 12 years of age, ½ suppository rectally once a day for 5–7 days. Prescribed for chronic anal canal fissures or after anal surgery. Not used in children under 12 years of age.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppositories): Acute inflammatory diseases of the anorectal area, acute thrombosis of hemorrhoidal nodes, active bleeding, hypersensitivity to protein preparations. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered. Not used in children under 12 years of age.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppositories): Rarely observed: a feeling of a foreign body, slight burning, hypersecretion of mucus. With overdose, increased itching in the anal area is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required. The volume of the preparation is standard and does not require changes depending on the patient's body weight, as it acts locally.

Preparation Method (Rectal Suppositories): For the preparation of 100 grams of base: hydrolyzed collagen — 20 grams; cocoa butter — 75 grams; purified beeswax — 5 grams. Cocoa butter and wax are melted in a water bath at a temperature of 50 °C. Collagen is added with constant stirring until a homogeneous consistency. The mixture is poured into suppository molds of 2 grams and cooled at a temperature of +4 °C. After solidification, it is packaged in blisters.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppositories): Store in a refrigerator at a temperature from +2 to +8 °C, in the original packaging, in a place protected from light and moisture. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening the package, use within 7 days. Do not freeze.

Nasal Drops — Collagen

Indications (Nasal Drops): Atrophic rhinitis, dryness of the nasal mucosa after surgical interventions, empty nose syndrome, post-radiation changes of the mucosa, connective tissue dysplasia in the nasal cavity area, trophic ulcers of the nasal mucosa, chronic rhinosinusitis with thinning of the epithelium.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops in each nostril 2 times a day (morning and evening) for 10 days. Before instillation — cleansing of the nasal passages with physiological saline.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops 3 times a day for 14 days. Used for pronounced atrophic rhinitis, after surgical interventions on the nasal septum or after removal of polyps.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): Up to 4 drops in each nostril 3 times a day for no more than 5 days. Used in severe cases of post-traumatic atrophy of the mucosa, in post-radiation changes of the tissues of the nasal cavity.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop in each nostril once a day in the evening, in a course of 10 days. Recommended for patients with chronic rhinitis, medicamentous rhinitis in remission, as well as persons living in dry climates or during the heating season.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): Used in children over 7 years of age at a dose of 1 drop in each nostril once a day. Course — 5–7 days. Recommended for congenital or acquired dryness of the nasal mucosa, after acute respiratory viral infections with impaired epithelialization.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Acute purulent rhinitis, allergic rhinitis in the active phase, intolerance to protein preparations, nasal bleeding. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 7 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): May cause a feeling of congestion, burning, or increased secretion in the first 1–2 days of use. Overdose may lead to the formation of protein films and mucosal irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Dosage adjustment for body weight is not required, but for weight below 40 kilograms (in adolescents), it is advisable to halve the dose.

Preparation Method (Nasal Drops): For the preparation of 100 milliliters of solution: hydrolyzed collagen — 1 gram; water for injections — 96 milliliters; plant-derived glycerin — 2 milliliters; sodium chloride — 1 gram. The solution is prepared under sterile conditions. Collagen is dissolved in water at a temperature of 37 °C, then glycerin and sodium chloride are added. The mixture is filtered through a 0.22 µm filter and poured into sterile droppers of 10 milliliters each.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store at a temperature from +4 to +8 °C in a refrigerator, in a light-protected package. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 7 days. Do not freeze. Do not allow contact with open air for more than 1 minute.

Ear Drops — Collagen

Indications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the tympanic membrane at the epithelialization stage, chronic dry otitis, trophic atrophy of the mucous membrane of the external auditory canal, consequences of thermal and chemical burns of the ear, connective tissue dysplasia with manifestations in the auditory apparatus, epithelial hypotrophy of the external ear.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops in each auditory canal once a day for 7 days. Use after cleansing the ear of wax. The patient should be in a lying position on the side for 10 minutes after instillation.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops in the ear 2 times a day (morning and evening) in the presence of chronic epitheliopathy, microperforations, and delayed healing after ear surgeries.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): Up to 4 drops in the auditory canal 3 times a day, only under the supervision of an otorhinolaryngologist. Used for pronounced destruction of the epithelium after burns or in the postoperative period during tympanoplasty.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop in each ear once every 2 days at night. Used in patients with an anatomically narrow auditory canal, prone to epithelial dryness, when working in conditions of low air humidity. Course — 7 applications, twice a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): Allowed from 5 years of age with indications, 1 drop in the auditory canal once a day. Used for chronic dry otitis, after removal of foreign bodies or removal of earwax plugs. Not used in children under 5 years of age.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Acute purulent otitis, weeping inflammatory processes, active bleeding from the ear, allergy to protein preparations. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Feeling of congestion, local irritation, short-term itching. With overdose, the formation of a dense film and difficulty in natural ventilation of the auditory canal are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Adjustment for body weight is not required. It is necessary to focus on age, anatomical features of the auditory canal, and epithelial sensitivity.

Preparation Method (Ear Drops): For the preparation of 100 milliliters: hydrolyzed collagen — 1 gram; cold-pressed coconut oil — 98 milliliters; calendula extract (oil) — 1 milliliter. The components are heated to 37 °C and mixed until a homogeneous emulsion is obtained. The resulting solution is filtered through a fine mesh filter and packaged in sterile glass droppers of 10 milliliters each.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in a cool place at a temperature from +4 to +8 °C in dark glass packaging. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 10 days. Do not allow water to enter the bottle.

Ointment — Collagen

Indications (Ointment): Atrophic scars, skin hypotrophy, trophic ulcers at the epithelialization stage, post-traumatic skin damage, consequences of first and second degree burns, connective tissue dysplasia with skin manifestations, localized scleroderma, skin cracks of fingers and heels, chronic erosions of the skin.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer 1–2 times a day to the affected skin area, without rubbing. Volume of a single application — about 0.5–1 gram per area of 5×5 cm. Course — 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Application 3 times a day, with light massage. Volume per application — up to 2 grams per affected area. Used for pronounced skin hypotrophy, post-laser damage, persistent cicatricial changes.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 4 applications per day of 2–3 grams of ointment on limited areas with a total area of no more than 100 cm². Prescribed when rapid regeneration is necessary after deep skin damage, in complex therapy of scleroderma.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once a day in the evening, in a course of 10–15 days. Used in patients with signs of age-related skin thinning, a tendency to form microcracks, for the prevention of scarring after minor injuries and burns. Repeat the course every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): Allowed in children from 3 years of age. Applied once a day, 0.3–0.5 grams on local skin areas, no more than 7 days consecutively. Prescribed for superficial abrasions, healing burns, congenital connective tissue dysplasia.

Contraindications (Ointment): Pustular and weeping skin lesions, allergic dermatoses in the active phase, individual sensitivity to protein structures. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Ointment): Rare local reactions: hyperemia, itching, feeling of skin tightness. When dosages are exceeded — increased peeling, formation of a protein crust.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required. The amount of the applied preparation depends on the area of the lesion, not body weight.

Preparation Method (Ointment): For the preparation of 100 grams of ointment: hydrolyzed collagen — 10 grams; coconut oil — 60 grams; anhydrous lanolin — 20 grams; beeswax — 10 grams. All components are heated in a water bath at a temperature of 50 °C, mixed until a homogeneous consistency. Collagen is added last, after partial cooling of the mass to 38–40 °C. After mixing, the ointment is cooled and packaged in glass jars with airtight lids.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store at a temperature from +5 to +15 °C in a dark, dry place, away from light and heat sources. Shelf life — 4 months. After opening, use within 14 days. Do not freeze.

Cream — Collagen

Indications (Cream): Age-related atrophy of the skin of the face and neck, pseudoptosis of soft tissues, skin dryness, fine-wrinkled structure, telangiectasias, connective tissue dysplasia with skin manifestations, post-acne, post-laser rehabilitation, local cicatricial changes, skin photoaging.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply once a day in the evening after cleansing the skin. Volume — 1.5–2 grams on the face and neck. Course — 30 days. Repeat course — after a 1 month break.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Apply morning and evening, 2 grams on the area of the face, neck, and décolleté. Used for pronounced photoaging, wrinkled skin, post-acne, tissue flaccidity syndrome. Course — 45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Up to 3 applications per day, 2–2.5 grams per application. Used in clinical therapy conditions for rapid recovery after dermabrasion, laser rejuvenation, mesotherapy.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Once a day, every other day, in a course of 20 days. Recommended from 35 years of age at the first signs of age-related skin changes, during hormonal restructuring (perimenopause), with seasonal skin dehydration. Repeat courses 2 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): Not used in children under 14 years of age. Allowed for pronounced skin dysplasia, cicatricial changes in adolescents, as prescribed by a dermatologist, no more than once a day, 0.5 grams on local areas.

Contraindications (Cream): Active inflammatory skin diseases, pustular elements, individual intolerance, acute dermatitis. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Cream): Rare cases of itching, redness, and skin irritation. With overdose, pore blockage, a feeling of tightness, and isolated inflammatory elements are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required. The amount of the applied preparation depends on the area of cosmetic application, not body weight.

Preparation Method (Cream): For the preparation of 100 grams of cream: hydrolyzed collagen — 5 grams; coconut oil — 20 grams; jojoba oil — 10 grams; flower water (lavender or rose hydrolate) — 60 grams; lecithin emulsifier — 5 grams. In a water bath, heat the fat phase (oils and emulsifier) to 65 °C and the water phase separately to the same temperature. The water phase is gradually introduced into the oil phase with constant stirring until an emulsion is formed. After cooling to 40 °C, collagen is introduced. The finished cream is packaged in glass jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature from +5 to +10 °C in a dark place. Shelf life — 3 months. After opening, use within 21 days. Avoid contamination of the jar with hands or water.

Serum — Collagen

Indications (Serum): Skin photoaging, pronounced skin dryness, wrinkles of the periorbital zone, facial skin hypotension, post-acne, skin thinning after peels and laser procedures, connective tissue dysplasia with skin manifestations, telangiectasias, microcirculation disorders in the skin.

Standard Dosage (Serum): Apply 3–5 drops of serum to the face and neck once a day, preferably in the evening after washing. Massage until completely absorbed. Course — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): Apply 2 times a day (morning and evening), 5 drops on the face, neck, and décolleté area. Used for pronounced photoaging, wrinkled skin, flaccidity, and impaired turgor. Course — 45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): Up to 3 applications per day of 6–8 drops, used for intensive dermatological therapy, post-laser rehabilitation, aggressive mesotherapy. No more than 7 days consecutively, then transition to the standard regimen.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 2–3 drops once every 2 days, in the evening. Recommended at the first signs of age-related changes, skin dryness, after sun exposure, during periods of vitamin deficiency and stress. Course — 20 applications, 2–3 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): Not used in children under 14 years of age. Local use in adolescents is possible according to indications (post-acne, skin dysplasia) at a dose of no more than 1 drop per limited area once a day for 5–7 days.

Contraindications (Serum): Individual intolerance, active phase of acne, dermatitis, eczema, purulent skin inflammations. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Serum): Rarely — itching, feeling of tightness, skin irritation, redness in the application area. With overdose, peeling and pore blockage are possible when applied to oily skin.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required. Dosage depends on the application area, not the patient's body weight.

Preparation Method (Serum): For the preparation of 100 milliliters: hydrolyzed collagen — 3 grams; rose hydrolate — 80 milliliters; green tea extract (aqueous) — 10 milliliters; plant glycerin — 5 milliliters; xanthan gum — 0.5 grams. All components are mixed at a temperature of 30–35 °C until a homogeneous gel-like mass. Collagen is introduced last. The mixture is thoroughly stirred and poured into dark glass bottles with a pipette.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store at a temperature from +4 to +10 °C in a refrigerator. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 10 days. Avoid contamination and contact with metal objects.

Hydrogel — Collagen

Indications (Hydrogel): Post-laser and post-peel skin conditions, first and second degree burns at the epithelialization stage, superficial wounds and abrasions, atrophic scars, skin thinning, photoaging, post-acne, chronic skin cracks, dermatoatrophy, dry skin syndrome, connective tissue dysplasia.

Standard Dosage (Hydrogel): Apply a thin layer 1–2 times a day to the affected or recovering skin area. Once a day for prevention, twice for therapy. Course — 10–15 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Hydrogel): Apply 3 times a day, in a thick layer under a gauze dressing. Used for burns, traumatic skin damage, in the postoperative period, for pronounced thinning of the epidermis. Duration of the course — up to 20 days.

Maximum Dosage (Hydrogel): Up to 4 applications per day, exclusively under specialist supervision. Used in the treatment of burns, long-term non-healing wounds, complicated post-peel dermatitis, during recovery after dermabrasion.

Preventive Dosage (Hydrogel): Once a day, in the evening, for 7 days. Recommended for sensitive, irritation-prone skin, patients undergoing phototherapy, as well as for skin protection in winter. Courses are possible monthly in the presence of chronic skin dryness.

Pediatric Dosage (Hydrogel): From 3 years of age — once a day according to indications (first degree burns, abrasions, skin dryness in congenital connective tissue dysplasia) is permissible. Apply a thin layer, no more than 1 gram per 100 cm² of surface. Duration of use — no more than 5 days consecutively.

Contraindications (Hydrogel): Purulent and weeping skin inflammations, active stage of infectious dermatoses, individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 3 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Hydrogel): Short-term redness, a feeling of tightness, and formation of a protein film are possible. With overdose — itching, contact dermatitis, pore blockage.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Dosage adjustment for body weight is not required. The volume of application depends on the area of the affected skin surface.

Preparation Method (Hydrogel): For the preparation of 100 grams: ● Hydrolyzed collagen — 2 grams. ● Purified water — 80 grams. ● Low-molecular hyaluronic acid — 1 gram. ● Organic aloe vera gel — 10 grams. ● Xanthan gum — 0.7 grams. ● Citric acid — 0.3 grams. Hyaluronic acid and collagen are dissolved in water at a temperature of 35–37 °C. Then aloe vera and citric acid are added. Xanthan gum is introduced last with intensive stirring. The mixture is left for 12 hours to stabilize the texture and packaged in glass tubes.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Hydrogel): Store at a temperature from +5 to +10 °C in a tightly closed container, away from light. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 10 days. Do not allow contamination of the contents of the package.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Collagen

Collagen belongs to biologically compatible, non-toxic substances of animal origin, actively used in nutraceuticals, pharmacology, and dermatology. Conducted toxicological studies have shown an extremely low level of acute toxicity. With oral administration of hydrolyzed collagen, the LD50 in rats exceeds 5,000 mg/kg of body weight, which is classified as a practically non-toxic compound (class IV on the OECD toxicity scale).

In studies of topical use (skin, rectal, and vaginal forms), collagen did not cause local toxicity, mutagenicity, or sensitization. Repeated administration did not cause a cumulative effect. The preparation did not exhibit embryotoxic or teratogenic effects at dosages 10–20 times exceeding standard therapeutic doses.

Thus, collagen in medicinal, cosmetic, and nutraceutical forms is recognized as safe with systematic use in recommended amounts. Biodegradation of collagen in the body is carried out by natural enzymes (collagenases) and does not lead to the accumulation of toxic metabolites.

Reference: PubMed Central — https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7230801

Pharmacodynamics — Collagen

Collagen is a high-molecular-weight fibrillar protein that plays a key structural and signaling role in the body. Its pharmacodynamic properties are due both to direct participation in maintaining the architecture of connective tissue and to the ability to affect cellular and extracellular targets, including receptors, enzymes, and components of the intercellular matrix.

With systemic use, hydrolyzed collagen and its low-molecular-weight peptides stimulate fibroblast activity, increase the expression of collagen types I and III, as well as the synthesis of hyaluronic acid and elastin. This action is associated with the activation of signaling pathways, including TGF-β/Smad, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt. At the same time, a decrease in the activity of metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-9) is observed, which inhibits the degradation of collagen fibers. Such effects demonstrate the structural-metabolic orientation of the substance.

At the level of the skin and mucous membranes, topical application of collagen has a trophic and epithelializing effect, accelerating the restoration of damaged tissues. Due to its biomimetic properties, it forms a semipermeable matrix that creates optimal conditions for regeneration, moisture retention, and local protection from external irritants. Antioxidant properties have been established, expressed in the trapping of free radicals, including superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical.

In the immune system, collagen is capable of modulating the inflammatory response, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and stimulating the secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators, including IL-10. This is due both to a direct effect on cells of innate immunity (macrophages, dendritic cells) and to an indirect effect through a reduction in antigenic stimulation. These effects are expressed predominantly with oral and injectable use.

With regard to bone and cartilage tissue, hydrolyzed collagen stimulates osteoblastic activity and increases the expression of osteocalcin and type II collagen, participates in the remodeling of the bone matrix and chondroprotection. This is mediated by interaction with β1-integrin receptors of osteoblasts and chondrocytes.

At the level of the nervous system, there are data on indirect neuroprotective activity associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and improvement of mitochondrial function under conditions of systemic inflammation. In experiments, a decrease in the level of glutamate-induced excitation of neurons was also recorded upon the addition of collagen hydrolysates, which indicates a modulating effect on neurotransmitter mechanisms.

Endocrine activity of the substance in direct form has not been recorded; however, there are data on its positive effect on hormonally dependent calcium metabolism and vitamin D metabolism through improvement of bone tissue structure and participation in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells.

From the standpoint of systemic pharmacodynamics, collagen has a predominantly local and systemic-structural effect, realized through modulation of extracellular matrix synthesis, influence on cell proliferation and regeneration, antioxidant protection, and immunoregulation. Pharmacological effects also affect the vascular wall, increasing its strength and elasticity, reducing permeability, and increasing microcirculation in tissues.

References:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464620301744 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835901 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.10... https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00726-020-02899-0 https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Pharmacokinetics — Collagen

The pharmacokinetic behavior of collagen depends on the form of its administration and molecular state. The main routes of absorption are oral, transdermal, and through mucous membranes (vaginal, rectal, nasal, auditory). For therapeutic and nutraceutical purposes, hydrolyzed collagen is mainly used in the form of low-molecular-weight peptides and amino acids, which have significantly greater absorbability compared to native high-molecular-weight collagen.

After oral intake, hydrolyzed collagen is absorbed in the small intestine via the peptide transport system, predominantly in the form of diglycines, prolineglycines, and hydroxyproline-containing oligopeptides. These compounds bypass primary proteolytic degradation in the stomach and are partially preserved in a biologically active form. It is believed that a certain part of collagen peptides is resistant to complete hydrolysis and circulates in plasma, binding to the extracellular matrix, which may explain the delayed and prolonged action.

After absorption, collagen peptides are distributed predominantly in connective tissue structures — skin, cartilage, bone tissue, and vessel walls. Selective accumulation is observed in the dermis and subchondral areas of joints, which is confirmed by radiolabeled in vivo models. Redistribution across tissues is carried out slowly, with possible local accumulation in zones of increased regenerative activity.

Metabolism of collagen peptides occurs predominantly in the liver, with the participation of the amino acid pool and transformation into glycoproteins and intermediate metabolites, including proline, hydroxyproline, alanine, glycine. These compounds can be involved in anabolic processes of connective tissue or undergo further catabolism.

Transdermal and mucosal application of collagen (in the form of creams, ointments, hydrogels, drops, suppositories) provides a local effect with limited systemic absorption. Direct penetration into deep layers of the skin is limited by molecular weight; however, fragments of hydrolyzed collagen and biomimetic peptides can reach the basal layers of the epidermis. Through mucous membranes, penetration into the local vascular network and subsequent systemic distribution is possible, especially when using vaginal and rectal forms.

The main route of excretion is renal, in the form of water-soluble metabolites and amino acids, as well as in the composition of urea and creatinine. A small amount may be excreted with bile. With topical application, the remains of the preparation are removed from the surface of tissues naturally without systemic accumulation. Accumulation in tissues is minimal when following therapeutic dosages.

There are data on the interaction of collagen peptides with the intestinal microbiota: some strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are capable of metabolizing them to form short-chain fatty acids, which may indirectly contribute to anti-inflammatory and trophic effects. However, the systemic role of microflora in the biotransformation of collagen requires further study.

References:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p... https://www.sciencedirect.com/... https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643... https://link.springer.com/arti... https://journals.sagepub.com/d...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Collagen

The pharmacological effects of collagen are realized through several key mechanisms involving cellular receptors, signaling pathways, enzyme systems, and components of the extracellular matrix. Hydrolyzed forms of collagen, rich in short peptide fragments, activate specific fibroblast receptors, including β1-integrins, which leads to the activation of MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases) and PI3K/Akt signaling cascades. These pathways stimulate the expression of extracellular matrix proteins (including collagen types I, III, and V) and enhance fibroblast proliferation, thereby supporting the structure and regeneration of connective tissue.

References:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/... https://link.springer.com/arti...

Additionally, it has been established that collagen has an antioxidant effect, realized through direct binding and inactivation of reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. Some fragments of collagen peptides exhibit structural affinity for the regulatory sites of metalloproteinases (especially MMP-1 and MMP-9), reducing their activity, which prevents the degradation of the extracellular matrix and protects tissues from destruction under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p... https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049...

At the immune level, the mechanisms of collagen action include inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, in particular NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and JAK/STAT. Suppression of these pathways is accompanied by a decrease in the secretion of interleukins IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as an increase in the synthesis of IL-10, which has anti-inflammatory activity. Such immunomodulation is mediated both by a direct effect on macrophages and through an effect on epithelial cells and endothelium.

https://www.tandfonline.com/do... https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

At the level of bone and cartilage tissue, collagen has a protective effect due to stimulation of osteoblastogenesis and suppression of osteoclastic activity. This is achieved by activation of osteoblast receptors and increased expression of differentiation factors such as Runx2 and osteocalcin. In chondrocytes, enhanced synthesis of type II collagen and aggrecan is observed, which indicates a specific role in maintaining the cartilage matrix. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity has also been documented, which confirms an additional anti-inflammatory pathway.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p... https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

In the nervous system, the indirect neuromodulatory effects of collagen are associated with a reduction in oxidative and neuroinflammatory background. This is accompanied by a decrease in the level of excitatory neurotransmitters, including glutamate, and normalization of mitochondrial function in neurons. In experimental models, a decrease in NO production and suppression of microglial activation are observed, which is mediated by a decrease in iNOS expression and activation of Toll-like receptors.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/... https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Thus, the mechanisms of collagen action include cellular stimulation of fibroblast and osteoblast receptors, antioxidant protection, suppression of pro-inflammatory cascades, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, and immunomodulatory influence on the cytokine network. These mechanisms are confirmed by molecular and cellular studies and cover a wide range of physiological systems, including the skin, musculoskeletal system, immune, nervous, and vascular systems.

Synergy — Collagen

Synergistic interactions of collagen with other natural and biologically active compounds are widely documented in the scientific literature. One of the most studied directions is the potentiation of antioxidant and dermatotropic activity with combined use with vitamin C (ascorbic acid). Ascorbate is necessary for the post-translational modification of collagen (hydroxylation of proline and lysine), which increases its structural stability and bioavailability. Combined use enhances fibril synthesis, improves dermal restoration, and reduces extracellular matrix degradation, creating an additive and tissue-specific effect.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p... https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

In combination with hyaluronic acid, a tissue-specific synergy has been established with regard to skin hydration and increased elasticity. Hyaluronic acid contributes to water retention in the intercellular space, creating ideal conditions for the functioning of collagen fibers and active fibroblasts. Such a combination demonstrates a modulating effect on dermal cells and has a prolonged effect due to simultaneous structural and biochemical effects on the extracellular matrix.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/... https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Collagen also demonstrates a potentiating interaction with zinc and copper — cofactors of lysyl- and prolylhydroxylase, involved in the formation of stable collagen cross-links. These trace elements in combination with collagen peptides contribute to the acceleration of connective tissue remodeling processes. It has been proven that such combinations enhance the biosynthetic activity of osteoblasts and keratinocytes, especially under conditions of increased metabolic demand.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/... https://link.springer.com/arti...

In in vivo experiments, synergy between collagen and glucosamine — an aminomonosaccharide involved in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans — has been demonstrated. Combined use has a positive effect on cartilage tissue metabolism and improves the trophism of synovial fluid. The mechanism includes additive stimulation of chondrocytes and suppression of the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p... https://journals.sagepub.com/d...

Antioxidant synergy has also been demonstrated with the combined use of collagen with green tea extracts, resveratrol, and coenzyme Q10. These combinations demonstrate potentiating inhibition of oxidative cell damage, reduced expression of metalloproteinases, and protection of mitochondrial functions. This effect is realized predominantly at the systemic level and affects cells of the skin, vessels, and connective tissue.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921... https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Thus, collagen demonstrates reliable pharmacological synergy in combination with trace elements, antioxidants, glycosaminoglycans, and dermatotropic substances. These interactions are potentiating and additive in nature, realized through common signaling pathways, enzyme coactivations, and enhancement of tissue trophism. Systemic and tissue-specific effects are substantiated by molecular and cellular studies.

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Collagen

Collagen as a substance of animal origin has deep historical and cultural roots.

In Chinese traditional medicine, the use of substances rich in collagen has been known since ancient times. Long-boiled soups based on pork or chicken skin, fish glue extracts, and concentrates from sturgeon fin tissue were used.

In Chinese culture, such products were considered to strengthen vital force (qi), especially for the skin, joints, and bones. Collagen substrates were often included in women's restorative soups and presented in ritual treats at weddings and in the postpartum period.

In the cultures of Southeast Asia, including Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia, fish and bone broths prepared over several hours were widely used, not only for gastronomic but also for restorative purposes. In village rituals, some peoples prepared special "drinking jellies" based on boiled chicken bones or fish heads with the addition of spices and herbs. Such forms were used after illnesses, operations, or prolonged exhaustion. Among indigenous Thai peoples, according to records from the QSBG database, jelly-like extracts from snake or fish skin were also used in rejuvenation rituals and in bath traditions with application to the skin.

In the Slavic folk healing tradition, jellies from veal and pork legs, pork skin, aspics, and cartilage jellies were used not only as food but also as "strengthening food for bones and flesh." In Ukrainian, Belarusian, and South Russian rural culture, the consumption of bone broths and jellies was considered part of post-traumatic recovery. In some ethnographic sources, the use of skin decoction in compresses and lotions is described — as an element of a charm or "strengthening application to the joints."

In the Middle East and Arab traditional cuisine, the practice of preparing concentrated broths from lamb and camel legs, in which collagen is the main active substance, is known. Such dishes were used in multi-day rituals of strengthening the body and strength, especially in the elderly. In Bedouin culture, such broths were prepared during heavy exertion or before wedding ceremonies.

In Latin America, particularly in the Andes and Mexico, rituals are known that include boiling beef and chicken feet with the use of plants. Collagen decoction was used for skin wraps, moistening bandages, and compresses. In some cultures, collagen-containing products were perceived as cleansing and symbolizing the "remelted power of the animal."

Thus, collagen as a protein substance has a universal ethnomedical distribution. Its use covers gastronomic, ritual, and restorative practices of almost all continents. In all cultures, its connection with strength, restoration of body structure, and protection from wear was emphasized, and the forms — predominantly liquid, jelly-like, and topical — reflect deeply rooted archetypes of physical support through animal sources.