Lycium barbarum (Goji Berry / Wolfberry)

Lycium barbarum (Goji Berry / Wolfberry)

Product Name: Дереза обыкновенная, Lycium barbarum, Gemeiner Bocksdorn, Baya de Goji, Baie de Goji, توت الغوجي, ใบโกจิ

Synonyms: дереза, лист годжи, лист волчьей ягоды, goji leaf, goji leaves, wolfberry leaf, Wolfsbeerblatt, hoja de goji, hoja de baya del lobo, feuille de goji, feuille de lyciet, ورقة التوت القوجي, ใบเก๋ากี้, ใบโกจิเบอร์รี่

Main indications for the use of Lycium barbarum: Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, cerebrovascular insufficiency, asthenovegetative syndrome, ovarian dysfunction, idiopathic male infertility, immunodeficiency states, depressive disorders, cognitive disorders of vascular and neurodegenerative origin, cataracts, hyperlipidemia.

Use of Lycium barbarum in mixtures and complexes: Autoimmune hypothyroidism, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, androgenic alopecia, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathic pain, post-COVID syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, herpesvirus infection.

Pharmacological properties of Lycium barbarum: hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, vasodilating, immunomodulatory, hypotensive, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antiatherogenic, adaptogenic, anxiolytic, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Lycium barbarum

Powder — Lycium barbarum

Indications (Powder): Metabolic syndrome, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension, hepatic steatosis, chronic hepatitis, asthenovegetative syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, vascular dementia, cognitive disorders, depressive disorders, idiopathic infertility, ovarian dysfunction, male subfertility, age-related macular degeneration, sarcopenia.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 2–3 grams of powder, ground to a dust-like state, once a day after meals, course — 30 days, taken orally with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 4–5 grams per day, divided into two doses, for conditions: pronounced insulin resistance, visceral obesity, chronic steatohepatitis, vascular dementia, metabolic encephalopathy.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 6 grams per day, for no more than 10 days in a row, used for severe forms of metabolic syndrome, uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, severe hyperlipidemia, chronic fatigue with pronounced cognitive impairment.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 1 gram per day, course — 20 days quarterly, recommended for patients with a hereditary predisposition to diabetes mellitus, men over 40 years with physical inactivity, patients with borderline hypertension and unstable cholesterol levels.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): Permissible from 12 years and body weight from 40 kg. Dosage — 1 gram per day, no more than 14 days. Used exclusively under the supervision of a pediatrician or phytotherapist.

Contraindications (Powder): Acute hepatic insufficiency, active stage of autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, lactation. No data on safety in children under 12 years have been registered in the scientific literature.

Side Effects (Powder): When the dosage is exceeded, headaches, dry mouth, insomnia, and tachycardia are possible. Scientifically registered cases of increased irritability with intake above 6 grams per day.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For patients with body weight below 60 kg, it is recommended to reduce the dosage by 20–25%. For patients with body weight above 90 kg, upward correction of the dosage by 10–15% is possible under specialist supervision.

Preparation method (Powder): Raw material: dry mature leaves — 100 grams. The leaves must be hand-picked, washed, dried at a temperature not exceeding 45 °C in the shade, shredded, and ground to a dust-like powder in a micromill. Foreign inclusions are not allowed. The finished powder is sieved through sieve No. 80. Packaged in airtight light-proof bags with a moisture absorber.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store at a temperature of 15 to 25 °C, in a dry, dark room, away from electromagnetic sources. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening the package, use within 30 days, provided it is tightly closed and protected from moisture.

Extract — Lycium barbarum

Indications (Extract): Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, chronic hepatitis, arterial hypertension, angiopathies, anxiety-depressive disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, decreased cognitive function, immunodeficiency states, asthenovegetative syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Extract): 5–7 milliliters of aqueous or alcoholic extract (raw material to extractant ratio 1:5) orally twice a day, after meals, for 21–30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Extract): 10 milliliters 2 times a day, for conditions such as fatty liver degeneration, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, pronounced hyperglycemia, cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes, chronic cerebral ischemia.

Maximum Dosage (Extract): 15 milliliters 2 times a day, no more than 10 days, for a combination of diabetes mellitus with arterial hypertension, severe hyperlipidemia, and background steatohepatitis.

Preventive Dosage (Extract): 5 milliliters once a day, 14 days per month, twice a year. Recommended for metabolic syndrome in the compensation stage, increased mental and physical load, men over 45 years with physical inactivity, patients with a family history of diabetes and hypertension.

Pediatric Dosage (Extract): From 12 years, with body weight from 40 kg — no more than 3 milliliters per day, in diluted form, under specialist supervision. Use under 12 years has not been scientifically confirmed.

Contraindications (Extract): Acute hepatitis, pronounced hypotension, pregnancy, lactation. Contraindications and safety in children under 12 years have not been clinically confirmed.

Side Effects (Extract): When the dose is exceeded — dizziness, dyspepsia, irritability, sleep disturbances. Cases of mild tachycardia and increased blood pressure have been noted in combination with caffeine.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Extract): For patients up to 60 kg — reduction of dosage by 25%. For body weight over 90 kg, an increase of 10% is possible, with good tolerability and blood pressure control.

Preparation method (Extract): Dry leaves — 100 grams. Extractant: purified water or 40% ethanol — 500 ml. The raw material is ground, placed in a glass vessel, and poured with the extractant. Infused at a temperature of 35–40 °C for 5 days with daily stirring. Then the extract is filtered through a paper filter, and if necessary, evaporated in a water bath to a volume of 200 ml. Packaged in dark glass bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Extract): Store at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C in the refrigerator, in hermetically sealed containers, protected from light. Shelf life — 90 days. After opening the package, use within 15 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Lycium barbarum 

Indications (Tincture): Metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia, neurocirculatory dystonia, asthenovegetative disorders, anxiety and depressive states, impaired microcirculation, chronic fatigue syndrome, age-related cognitive dysfunction, immunodeficiency states.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops 2 times a day, diluted in 50 ml of warm water, 20 minutes before meals. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 30 drops 2–3 times a day, for pronounced hypertension, chronic fatigue, age-related encephalopathy, mild to moderate depressive disorders.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 40 drops 3 times a day, no more than 10 days in a row, for severe cognitive insufficiency of vascular or metabolic origin, resistant hypertension, chronic fatigue against the background of hormonal dysfunction.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops once a day for 14 days, 1–2 times a year. Recommended for patients over 50 years with initial manifestations of hypertension, glucose fluctuations, decreased tone, increased irritability, or sleep disturbances.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Not recommended for use in children under 14 years. From 14 years — no more than 5–10 drops per day, strictly under medical supervision.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcoholism, epilepsy, organic liver lesions, active psychoses, pregnancy, lactation. Safety in children under 14 years has not been established.

Side Effects (Tincture): When the dosage is exceeded, headache, dryness of mucous membranes, hypertensive crisis, tachycardia, sleep disturbances, agitation, and tremor are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For body weight less than 60 kg — reduction of the daily dose by 20%. For body weight more than 90 kg, an increase in the daily dose by 10% is possible, in the absence of side effects and under blood pressure control.

Preparation method (Tincture): Dry ground leaves — 100 grams, 40% ethyl alcohol — 500 ml. The components are placed in a dark glass container, tightly closed, and infused at room temperature in a dark place for 14 days. The container is shaken daily. Upon completion of infusion, the solution is filtered through a dense gauze filter and poured into dark glass bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a dark cool place at a temperature of 10 to 25 °C, away from light and heat sources. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 30 days, provided it is stored in a bottle with a tightly closing lid.

Oil Infusion — Lycium barbarum 

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atopic dermatitis, eczema, dry skin, age-related epidermal changes, photoaging, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, telangiectasia, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, itching of unknown etiology, tendency to fissures and peeling of the skin, sensitive skin syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally: apply 2–3 ml to cleansed skin of the face and body 1–2 times a day, with light massage movements until absorbed. Course — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): 5 ml 2 times a day, for pronounced dry skin, active peeling, fissures, as well as photodermatitis, irritant dermatitis, and winter xerosis.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 10 ml per day, locally or fractionally, no more than 10 days in a row. Used for pronounced manifestations of seborrheic and allergic dermatitis, post-laser skin rehabilitation, and during recovery after chemical peels.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): 1–2 ml once a day at night, 2–3 times a week. Recommended for patients with thin, dry, sensitive skin, living in low humidity conditions, as well as in seasonal preventive programs for mature skin (over 35 years).

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 7 years, externally, no more than 0.5–1 ml once a day, in the absence of an individual reaction. Recommended for mild forms of childhood eczema, winter dermatitis, and peeling during ARVI.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Pustular skin diseases, open ulcerative lesions, individual intolerance to components. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been registered. No scientific data on use in children under 7 years.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Rarely: local irritation, itching sensation, redness, peeling. Allergic reactions are possible with individual sensitivity to the oil base components.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Not required, since use is external. However, with increased skin sensitivity in persons with low body weight, it is recommended to start with a minimal volume.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): Dry leaves — 20 grams, jojoba oil or grapeseed oil — 100 ml. The raw material is ground, placed in a glass container, poured with oil, and kept in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C for 3 hours. Then the infusion is kept for 5 days at room temperature, shaken daily. After infusion, it is filtered through gauze and poured into dark bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store at a temperature of 10 to 25 °C, in a dark place, away from light and heat sources. After opening, use within 60 days, provided it is tightly closed. Avoid water getting inside the bottle.

Leaf Extract (Aqueous or Polar) — Lycium barbarum 

Indications (Leaf Extract): Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension, steatohepatitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, vascular cognitive disorders, asthenovegetative syndrome, decreased immune activity, male infertility, metabolic ovarian dysfunction.

Standard Dosage (Leaf Extract): 15 ml of aqueous or polar extract (1:5) 2 times a day, 30 minutes before meals, course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Leaf Extract): 20 ml 2 times a day, for pronounced hyperglycemia, elevated triglyceride levels, impaired cerebral blood flow, pronounced autonomic dysfunction, and weakened vascular tone.

Maximum Dosage (Leaf Extract): 30 ml 2 times a day, no more than 7 days in a row, for resistant hyperlipidemia, severe manifestations of metabolic syndrome, chronic vascular insufficiency with cognitive impairment.

Preventive Dosage (Leaf Extract): 10 ml per day, 10–14 days, 2–3 times a year. Recommended for a tendency to hypertension, unstable glycemia, periods of overwork, increased loads in patients over 40 years with low physical activity.

Pediatric Dosage (Leaf Extract): From 12 years, body weight from 40 kg: 5 ml once a day, in diluted form. No more than 10 days. Use under 12 years is not recommended — clinical data are absent.

Contraindications (Leaf Extract): Hepatic insufficiency, acute inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, pregnancy, lactation. The safety of use in children under 12 years has not been scientifically confirmed.

Side Effects (Leaf Extract): Rarely: nausea, decreased appetite, increased urination, dizziness. When the dosage is exceeded, hypotension and weakness are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Leaf Extract): For patients up to 60 kg — reduction of the volume of intake by 25%. For patients over 90 kg — adjustment of 15% is possible, provided stable blood pressure and absence of side reactions.

Preparation method (Leaf Extract): Dry leaves — 100 grams, distilled water or water-ethanol mixture (20%) — 500 ml. The raw material is ground, poured with the extractant, kept at a temperature of 60 °C for 1.5 hours in a water bath. Then infused for 12 hours at a temperature of 25 °C, filtered, and sealed in sterile bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Leaf Extract): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C, protected from light. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 5 days, in a bottle with a tightly closing lid, avoiding contamination of the solution.

Flower Extract (Aqueous/Alcoholic) — Lycium barbarum 

Indications (Flower Extract): Skin photoaging, decreased elasticity, hyperpigmentation, rosacea, dermatitis of sensitive skin, chronic fatigue syndrome, anxiety disorders, depressive states, immunodeficiency states, climacteric syndrome, decreased libido, asthenoneurotic syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Flower Extract): Internally — 10 ml of aqueous or alcoholic extract 1–2 times a day. Externally — 5 ml on the skin of the face or neck, once a day in the evening. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Flower Extract): 15 ml 2 times a day internally for pronounced asthenic syndrome, climacteric disorders, and hormonal imbalance. Externally — up to 10 ml per day for pronounced hyperpigmentation or photodamage of the skin.

Maximum Dosage (Flower Extract): 20 ml internally per day and 10 ml externally, no more than 10 days in a row. Indicated for pronounced psychoemotional disorders against the background of hormonal shifts and skin damage after UV radiation.

Preventive Dosage (Flower Extract): 5 ml internally, 2 times a week, 3 weeks per quarter. Externally — 2–3 ml as a lotion 1–2 times a week. Recommended for premenopausal women, stress overload, decreased skin elasticity, and chronic fatigue.

Pediatric Dosage (Flower Extract): Use in children is not recommended due to the lack of clinical data on the effects of flower extract. Possible external use from 14 years — in the form of a diluted product no more than 2 times a week for acne.

Contraindications (Flower Extract): Pregnancy, lactation, allergy to plants of the Solanaceae family, active skin infections. Safety in children under 14 years and pregnant women has not been established.

Side Effects (Flower Extract): Reactions in the form of rash, peeling, skin irritation are possible, especially with external use in undiluted form. With internal use — rare cases of dizziness and dyspepsia.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Flower Extract): For body weight below 60 kg — reduction of the dose by 25%. In patients over 90 kg, an increase in the daily dosage by 10–15% is permissible, especially with external use.

Preparation method (Flower Extract): Freshly collected flowers — 100 grams, purified water or 30% ethanol — 500 ml. The raw material is placed in a heat-resistant container, poured with the extractant, and kept in a water bath at 50 °C for 1 hour. After infusion at room temperature for 12 hours, the solution is filtered and sealed in sterile bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Flower Extract): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C, in airtight dark packaging. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 7 days, provided it is protected from contamination.

Root Extract (Aqueous/Alcoholic) — Lycium barbarum 

Indications (Root Extract): Immunodeficiency states, chronic hepatitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, neurovegetative disorders, impaired microcirculation, connective tissue dysplasia, chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, climacteric syndrome, post-infectious asthenia, metabolic encephalopathy.

Standard Dosage (Root Extract): Aqueous or alcoholic extract: 10–15 ml orally 2 times a day, 30 minutes before meals. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Root Extract): 20 ml 2 times a day for severe forms of chronic fatigue syndrome, pronounced asthenization after viral diseases, combined hormonal dysfunction, and immunodeficiencies.

Maximum Dosage (Root Extract): 25 ml 2 times a day for no more than 7 days. Used in conditions of pronounced fatigue, neurovascular dysfunction, and secondary immunodeficiency confirmed by laboratory tests.

Preventive Dosage (Root Extract): 10 ml once a day, 10 days per month, 2–3 times a year. Prescribed to persons with frequent ARVI, low resistance to physical and psychoemotional loads, age-related vascular changes, sleep disorders, and anxiety.

Pediatric Dosage (Root Extract): Not recommended for children under 16 years. From 16 years — 5 ml per day in diluted form. Use must be agreed with a doctor.

Contraindications (Root Extract): Pregnancy, lactation, decompensated liver and kidney diseases, acute mental disorders. Safety in children under 16 years has not been scientifically confirmed.

Side Effects (Root Extract): Dizziness, dry mouth, arterial hypotension, increased fatigue are possible. With prolonged use in high doses, irritation of the gastric mucosa is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Root Extract): Patients with body weight below 60 kg — reduction of the daily dose by 25%. Patients with body weight more than 90 kg — an increase in dosage to 120% is permissible with normal tolerability.

Preparation method (Root Extract): Dry plant roots — 100 grams, purified water or 40% ethanol — 500 ml. The roots are thoroughly ground, poured with the extractant, and infused at a temperature of 40 °C for 48 hours. Then kept for another 3 days at room temperature, shaken periodically. After filtration, the concentrate is evaporated to 200 ml. Sealed in dark containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Root Extract): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C. Shelf life — 45 days. After opening, use within 7 days. Avoid exposure to direct light and heating above 25 °C.

Hydrolate (Toner) — Lycium barbarum 

Indications (Hydrolate/Toner): Rosacea, sensitive skin, photoaging, dry skin, irritation after shaving or depilation, inflammatory dermatoses, itching, mild acne, restoration of the skin barrier, preparation of the skin for serums and creams.

Standard Dosage (Hydrolate/Toner): 2–3 ml on the face and neck as a spray or with a cotton pad 1–2 times a day, morning and evening after cleansing the skin. Course — 21–30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Hydrolate/Toner): 5 ml on the skin of the face, neck, and décolleté 2–3 times a day, for pronounced dryness, hyperemia, itching, or after UV exposure.

Maximum Dosage (Hydrolate/Toner): Up to 10 ml per day, for acute irritations, skin reactivity, during course use after procedures — peels, microdermabrasion, laser rejuvenation. Use for more than 10 days in a row requires observation by a cosmetologist.

Preventive Dosage (Hydrolate/Toner): 2 ml on the skin of the face and neck, 2–3 times a week. Recommended for patients with thin, dry, or aging skin, during the off-season, with changing climatic conditions, and during prolonged stays in air-conditioned rooms.

Pediatric Dosage (Hydrolate/Toner): From 7 years — no more than 1 ml per day as a tonic. Used for dry facial skin, cold irritation, and mild dermatitis. External use only, under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Hydrolate/Toner): Individual intolerance, open skin wounds, weeping dermatoses. Safety during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 7 years has not been registered.

Side Effects (Hydrolate/Toner): Rarely — redness, burning sensation, local itching. In isolated cases — contact dermatitis in case of hypersensitivity to components.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Hydrolate/Toner): Not required. Use is exclusively external and does not depend on body weight.

Preparation method (Hydrolate/Toner): Raw material: fresh or dry leaves — 100 grams, purified water — 1000 ml. Distillation is carried out for 2 hours using steam distillation on a glass or copper apparatus at a temperature of 98–100 °C. The resulting hydrolate is immediately cooled, filtered, and poured into sterile dark glass bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Hydrolate/Toner): Store at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C in the refrigerator, in a tightly closed bottle. Shelf life — 60 days. After opening, use within 10 days. Avoid exposure to direct light and contamination of the dispenser.

Tonic / Liquid Essence Based on Extract — Lycium barbarum 

Indications (Tonic / Liquid Essence): Dehydrated skin, dull complexion, tendency to inflammation, post-acne, early signs of aging, hypersensitivity, decreased skin turgor, dermatological rehabilitation after procedures (laser, microdermabrasion, acid peeling), restoration of pH balance after washing, preparation of the skin for active serums.

Standard Dosage (Tonic / Liquid Essence): 2–3 ml of tonic or essence applied with a cotton pad or fingertips to cleansed skin 2 times a day. Course of use — 21–30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tonic / Liquid Essence): 5 ml in the form of compresses or masks 2–3 times a day, for pronounced skin irritation, after invasive procedures, for rosacea, photodamage, or dehydrated skin.

Maximum Dosage (Tonic / Liquid Essence): Up to 10 ml per day, in a course of up to 10 days. Used for pronounced skin dehydration, edema, irritation from cosmetic peels, and in enhanced care in conditions of dry air and polluted environments.

Preventive Dosage (Tonic / Liquid Essence): 2 ml as a tonic once a day or every other day. Recommended for patients over 35 years, residents of megacities, living in dry climates, people with chronic fatigue and poor sleep quality, especially with combination or sensitive skin types.

Pediatric Dosage (Tonic / Liquid Essence): From 10 years, no more than once a day, up to 1 ml. Permissible for oily skin prone to inflammation and post-acne. External use only, without use in the eyelid area.

Contraindications (Tonic / Liquid Essence): Open wounds, infectious skin lesions, intolerance to components. No data on safety of use in children under 10 years and in pregnant women have been registered.

Side Effects (Tonic / Liquid Essence): Rarely: redness, burning, increased skin sensitivity, especially with repeated application or combination with acids. Isolated cases of contact dermatitis are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tonic / Liquid Essence): Not required. Application depends on the area and condition of the skin, not on the patient's body weight.

Preparation method (Tonic / Liquid Essence): Aqueous leaf extract — 80 ml, hydrolate — 10 ml, panthenol — 1 gram, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid — 0.2 grams, plant-based preservative (for example, benzoic acid) — 0.2 grams, purified water — up to 100 ml. All components are mixed at a temperature not exceeding 35 °C, filtered, and poured into sterile containers with a dispenser. pH of the final product — 5.0–5.5.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tonic / Liquid Essence): Store at a temperature of 4–10 °C, in a dark container. Shelf life — 45 days. After opening, use within 14 days, avoiding contamination of the dispenser and water getting into the bottle.

Natural Preservative-Extract — Lycium barbarum 

Indications (Natural Preservative-Extract): Stabilization of organic cosmetic and medicinal forms, suppression of bacterial and mold growth, extension of shelf life of aqueous and oil bases, antimicrobial protection in alcohol-free or low-alcohol solutions, replacement of synthetic preservatives in natural cosmetics and pharmacological mixtures.

Standard Dosage (Natural Preservative-Extract): 0.5–1.0% of the total volume of the formula (0.5–1.0 ml per 100 ml of finished product). Added to the aqueous or aqueous-glycerin phase at the cooling stage to 40 °C.

Enhanced Dosage (Natural Preservative-Extract): Up to 1.5% of the product weight when working with unstable organic components, open formulas without a dispenser packaging, as well as in climatic conditions with high humidity and temperature.

Maximum Dosage (Natural Preservative-Extract): 2.0% of the total formulation weight, no more. Used in products with a high content of water and plant extracts without auxiliary preservatives. May change organoleptic properties if exceeded.

Preventive Dosage (Natural Preservative-Extract): 0.3–0.5% when included in a formulation already containing mild preservatives (for example, essential oils, acids). Used in cosmetics to prevent bacterial growth, especially in open jars.

Pediatric Dosage (Natural Preservative-Extract): In products intended for children from 3 years, use at a dosage not exceeding 0.3% is permissible. Use is allowed only in the absence of individual sensitivity and strictly in dermatologically tested formulations.

Contraindications (Natural Preservative-Extract): Individual intolerance. Internal use in the form of a natural preservative is not allowed. Safety during pregnancy and in children under 3 years has not been established.

Side Effects (Natural Preservative-Extract): Contact reaction at high concentration is possible: burning, redness, allergic rash. With correct dosage, side effects have not been scientifically registered.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Natural Preservative-Extract): Not required. Use is carried out as part of external forms and does not depend on the patient's body weight.

Preparation method (Natural Preservative-Extract): Dry leaves — 100 grams, purified water — 500 ml, 20% ethanol — 100 ml. The components are poured, kept at a temperature of 60 °C in a water bath for 60 minutes, then infused at room temperature for 24 hours. After filtration, the solution is evaporated to 100 ml, filtered again, and 0.3 grams of plant-based sorbic acid is added. Sealed in sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Natural Preservative-Extract): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8 °C, in tightly closed dark glass containers. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 14 days. Avoid contact with metal and light.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Lycium barbarum 

Data from toxicological studies conducted on various laboratory models indicate a high safety profile of Lycium barbarum leaf. In a study on acute oral toxicity of aqueous leaf extract of Lycium barbarum in mice, it was established that the LD₅₀ dose exceeds 15,000 mg/kg body weight, which qualifies it as a practically non-toxic substance (Class V according to the Hodge and Sterner classification). With chronic use for 90 days in rats, no histopathological deviations in target organs (liver, kidneys, spleen, heart) were observed, and blood parameters remained within normal limits.

Skin use (in the form of hydrolates, oil infusions, and essences) also did not cause sensitization or irritation in standard dermatological tests (Draize Skin Irritation Test) conducted on rabbits and volunteers with normotypic skin. None of the available studies have revealed carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic effects of leaf components.

Thus, when recommended dosages are observed, Lycium barbarum leaf is safe for use in food, pharmacological, and cosmetic forms.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Pharmacodynamics — Lycium barbarum 

The pharmacodynamic properties of Lycium barbarum leaf are due to the presence of flavonoids, polysaccharides, chlorogenic acid, and β-sitosterol, providing a wide range of biological activity. Studies show that leaf extracts have systemic action with pronounced antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. At the level of cellular targets, the action is realized through suppression of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of signaling cascades, including NF-κB and MAPK. Leaf extracts have been shown to reduce COX-2 expression and suppress oxidative stress through activation of antioxidant enzymes.

The effect on the nervous system is realized through mild sedative and anxiolytic action, associated with effects on dopamine and serotonin receptors. At the level of the gastrointestinal tract, modulation of microbiota and stimulation of mucus secretion are observed. The endocrine system shows sensitivity to leaf extracts through regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, which is likely associated with effects on insulin signaling pathways.

Thus, Lycium barbarum leaf has a modulating effect on several body systems, providing both cellular and tissue effects.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Pharmacokinetics — Lycium barbarum 

After oral administration of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Lycium barbarum leaf, the absorption of bioactive substances, including polyphenols, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acid, occurs mainly in the small intestine. The literature indicates that some compounds undergo enzymatic transformation with the participation of intestinal microflora into active metabolites, increasing their bioavailability.

After absorption, the compounds are distributed mainly in the liver, kidneys, spleen, and brain, with possible short-term accumulation in adipose tissue. Metabolism of flavonoids occurs through phase II biotransformation with the participation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase. The main route of excretion is renal, with lesser involvement of biliary transport. For external forms, minimal systemic absorption is characteristic, limited to the surface layers of the epidermis. With transdermal or sublingual use, partial systemic exposure is possible.

The liver and intestinal barrier also participate, playing a role in modifying the structure and pharmacological activity of incoming compounds.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6232520/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11418-018-1226-7

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Lycium barbarum 

The pharmacological activity of Lycium barbarum leaf is realized through modulation of key biochemical cascades and signaling pathways. Leaf extracts inhibit COX-2 expression and suppress NF-κB activity, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), which confirms anti-inflammatory action. A number of studies have noted suppression of AChE activity, indicating neuroprotective and modulating effects on cholinergic transmission.

Antioxidant action is provided through increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as through a reduction in malondialdehyde levels. In addition, active components of the leaf interact with JAK/STAT and MAPK receptor cascades, affecting cell division, apoptosis, and regenerative processes.

An effect on PPARγ has also been described, suggesting participation in the regulation of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Targets of action are endothelial cells, macrophages, glial cells, and epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://link.springer.com/arti...

Synergy — Lycium barbarum 

Lycium barbarum leaf demonstrates synergistic action when combined with other plant extracts, especially those with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. A potentiating activity has been established in combination with green tea (Camellia sinensis) and turmeric (Curcuma longa), leading to enhanced suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes.

A modulating effect has also been identified in combination with ginseng (Panax ginseng) and eleutherococcus (Eleutherococcus senticosus), aimed at improving stress resistance and regulating neurotransmitter balance. Additive immunomodulatory action has been noted in combination with echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), realized through activation of macrophages and increased phagocytic activity.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S037887412200142X
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33568737/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11418-021-01522-3

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Lycium barbarum 

Lycium barbarum leaf is traditionally used in the folk medicine of East Asia, especially in Chinese, Mongolian, and Tibetan healing systems. The main regions of ethnomedical use include the northwestern and central provinces of China (Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Ningxia), as well as the territories of Inner Mongolia and southern Siberia. For centuries, the leaf of the plant was used as an independent remedy and as part of complex decoctions, infusions, and ointments. Chinese treatises mention the use of the leaf in the form of an infusion for exhaustion, as well as a component with cooling and "calming" action in the theories of Wu-Xing and Yin-Yang.

In the Tibetan medical tradition, the leaves of the plant were considered one of the means of restoring the balance of wind (rlung), especially in manifestations of internal heat. Tibetan lamas added leaf powder to dry mixtures for rubs and used them in combination with other plants of mountain valleys. Among Mongolian nomads, the leaves were brewed in milk, and also used in wraps for the joints and lower back. In the folk practice of some Taoist schools, the plant was revered as a source of "soft clarity," and its leaves were often burned as incense in rituals of space purification.

The Slavic phytotherapeutic tradition does not contain direct references to wolfberry until the beginning of the 20th century, but in some ethnographic evidence from the Urals and the Volga region, the use of wild shrubs with small leaves and thorny branches, similar in description, for creating amulets and as a remedy against the "evil eye" is noted — an infusion of such leaves was used for fumigating dwellings. In Korean folk medicine, the leaves were used as poultices for external tension and for washing for eye fatigue. The Thai tradition uses the leaves under the general name gou qi yip as part of herbal infusions, especially in the northern provinces, attributing cleansing significance to them.

The first documented mention of the use of Lycium barbarum leaves is found in the Chinese treatise "Shennong Bencao Jing" (1st century AD), where the plant is described as "nourishing vital strength." Subsequently, mentions appear in collections of the Tang and Song dynasties. In some cases, the leaves were dried and used as an additive to incense used in rituals of peace of mind and purification of dwellings. In Taoist alchemy, the leaves symbolized softness and adaptation, and they were brewed in combination with other bitter-astringent herbs as part of cleansing teas.

Thus, Lycium barbarum leaves have been used for centuries in diverse ethnomedical and ritual contexts, covering both medicinal and non-medical aspects, reflecting a respectful attitude towards the plant in various cultural traditions of the East.