Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Mole Cricket)

Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa (Mole Cricket)

Product Name: медведка обыкновенная, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Maulwurfsgrille, grillo topo, grillon taupe, جَرِيد الأرض, จิ้งหรีดทาก, medvedka, medvedka (узбекское), медведке (кыргызское), medvedka (азербайджанское), медведка (таджикское), kurklys/parplys, zemesvēzis, рак земляний, חפרפרת צרצרים

Synonyms: медведка, mole cricket, Maulwurfsgrille, grillo topo, grillon taupe, جَرِيد الأرض, จิ้งหรีดทาก

Parts Used: the whole body of the insect, especially fatty extracts from the body or intestine.

Main Indications for Use of Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa: pulmonary tuberculosis, slow-healing wounds, burns, abscesses, skin ulcers.

Use of Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa in Mixtures and Complexes: urinary retention, uric acid stones (urolithiasis), edema, lymphangitis, bacterial skin infections.

Pharmacological Properties of Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa: antibacterial, anti-tuberculosis, accelerating epithelialization, stimulating neovascularization, anti-infective.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Powder — Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Powder): Pulmonary tuberculosis, slow-healing wounds, burns, abscesses, skin ulcers, bacterial skin infections, lymphangitis.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1 g of powder twice daily, 30 minutes before meals, washed down with 150 ml of warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1.5 g of powder 3 times a day for pulmonary tuberculosis, deep skin ulcers, and chronic lymphangitis.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 2 g of powder 3 times a day for severe forms of pulmonary tuberculosis and pronounced bacterial skin infections.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5 g of powder once daily in the morning, in courses of 14 days with a 1-month break, for chronic respiratory diseases and for patients with frequent skin inflammations.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): 0.25 g of powder once daily, for children over 7 years of age and weighing more than 25 kg; the child's gender is not a factor.

Contraindications (Powder): individual intolerance, acute allergic reactions to insect products; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 7 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): in case of overdose, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and allergic rash are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For body weight below 60 kg, reduce the dose by 25%; for body weight above 90 kg, increase the dose by 25%.

Preparation Method (Powder): take 100 g of dried mole cricket bodies, remove the wings and limbs, wash with warm water at 40 degrees Celsius, dry in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius to a residual moisture content of less than 8%, grind into powder on a stone or ceramic mill, sift through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.3 mm, and package in an airtight dark glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): store in a dark, dry place at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, avoid direct sunlight and exposure to electromagnetic radiation, shelf life 12 months, after opening use within 30 days.

Dry Extract — Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Dry Extract): Pulmonary tuberculosis, bacterial skin infections, lymphangitis, burns, slow-healing wounds, abscesses.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 0.5 g of dry extract twice daily, washed down with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 0.75 g of dry extract 3 times a day for active pulmonary tuberculosis and purulent skin lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): 1 g of dry extract 3 times a day for severe infections and deep skin ulcers.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 0.25 g of dry extract once daily in the morning, in courses of 14 days with a 1-month break, for patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): 0.1 g of dry extract once daily, for children over 7 years of age and weighing more than 25 kg.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): individual intolerance, allergy to insect products; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 7 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): in case of overdose, nausea, diarrhea, and skin rashes are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): For body weight below 60 kg, reduce the dose by 20%; for weight above 90 kg, increase by 20%.

Preparation Method (Dry Extract): take 100 g of mole cricket powder, pour 500 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol, infuse for 7 days at a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius in a dark place, periodically shaking, filter through a paper filter, evaporate the extract in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 degrees Celsius to a thick mass, dry in a vacuum drying cabinet to a powder-like state, sift, and package in an airtight container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): store in a dark, dry place at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, avoid direct light and moisture, shelf life 18 months, after opening use within 60 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Tincture): Pulmonary tuberculosis, bacterial skin infections, lymphangitis, abscesses, slow-healing wounds, burns.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops twice daily, diluted in 50 ml of warm water, 30 minutes before meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 30 drops 3 times a day for pulmonary tuberculosis, lymphangitis, and multiple bacterial skin lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 40 drops 3 times a day for severe forms of pulmonary tuberculosis and deep purulent skin lesions.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops once daily in the morning, in courses of 14 days every 3 months, for chronic diseases of the respiratory system.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): 5 drops once daily, only for children over 12 years of age and weighing more than 40 kg.

Contraindications (Tincture): individual intolerance, allergy to insect products, acute liver diseases; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): in case of overdose, nausea, dizziness, diarrhea, and an allergic skin reaction are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For body weight below 60 kg, reduce the dosage by 20%; for weight above 90 kg, increase by 20%.

Preparation Method (Tincture): take 100 g of dried mole cricket, clean and crush, pour 500 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol, infuse for 14 days in a dark place at a temperature of 20–25 degrees Celsius, shaking daily, filter, and pour into dark glass dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): store in a dark place at a temperature of 5–20 degrees Celsius, avoid sunlight and heating, shelf life 24 months, after opening use within 90 days.

Oil Infusion — Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Oil Infusion): Slow-healing wounds, burns, bacterial skin infections, abscesses, pulmonary tuberculosis (as an auxiliary remedy), lymphangitis.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): for external use, apply in a thin layer to the affected area twice daily; for internal use — 5 ml once daily, 30 minutes before meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use 3 times a day, internal use — 5 ml twice daily for extensive purulent skin lesions and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use up to 4 times a day, internal — 10 ml twice daily for severe skin infections and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use once daily, internal — 5 ml once every 2 days, in courses of 14 days every 3 months for patients with chronic bronchopulmonary diseases and a tendency to skin inflammations.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use is permitted from 3 years of age, internal use — from 12 years of age at a dose of 2 ml once daily.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): individual intolerance, allergy to insect products, severe diseases of the liver and pancreas; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 3 years for external use and under 12 years for internal use have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): in case of overdose, allergic reaction, diarrhea, and nausea are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): For body weight below 60 kg, reduce the dosage by 20%; for weight above 90 kg, increase by 20%.

Preparation Method (Oil Infusion): take 20 g of dried crushed mole cricket, pour 100 ml of coconut oil, heat in a water bath at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius for 4 hours, stirring every 20 minutes, infuse for 48 hours at room temperature, filter through 3 layers of gauze, and pour into dark glass bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): store in a dark place at a temperature of 5–18 degrees Celsius, avoid exposure to light and moisture, shelf life 12 months, after opening use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppositories — Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Vaginal Suppositories): Bacterial vaginitis, candidal vaginitis, chronic cervicitis, postpartum inflammatory processes of the vagina, chronic endometritis (as an auxiliary remedy), healing of mucous membranes after surgical interventions.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository weighing 2 g at night, course of treatment 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository twice daily for pronounced bacterial and fungal infections of the vagina and chronic cervicitis.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository 3 times a day for severe inflammatory diseases of the vagina and cervix.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository once every 2 days, course of 10 days, 2 times a year for women with recurrent bacterial vaginitis or candidiasis.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): is not used in children; safety data for girls under 18 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppositories): individual intolerance, acute vaginal bleeding of unclear etiology, malignant neoplasms of the genital organs; data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppositories): in case of overdose, local allergic reactions, itching, and burning of the mucosa are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppositories): Not required.

Preparation Method (Vaginal Suppositories): for 100 g of product, take 10 g of mole cricket powder, 85 g of coconut oil, and 5 g of beeswax; melt the coconut oil in a water bath at a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius, add the mole cricket powder and wax, stir until a homogeneous mass is obtained, pour into suppository molds, and cool until completely solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppositories): store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2–8 degrees Celsius, avoid direct sunlight, shelf life 6 months, after opening the package use within 7 days.

Rectal Suppositories — Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Rectal Suppositories): Chronic proctitis, paraproctitis (in the remission stage), hemorrhoids with inflammation, rectal fissures, intestinal tuberculosis (as an auxiliary remedy), healing of the mucous membrane after surgical interventions on the rectum.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository weighing 2 g at night, course of treatment 7–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository twice daily for pronounced inflammation, rectal fissures, and complicated hemorrhoids.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository 3 times a day for severe inflammatory diseases of the rectum and perianal area.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository once every 3 days, course of 10 days, every 6 months for patients with chronic hemorrhoids and a tendency to proctitis.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): is permitted from 12 years of age at a dose of 1 suppository every other day, course of 7 days.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppositories): individual intolerance, acute rectal bleeding of unclear etiology, rectal tumors; data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppositories): in case of overdose, local allergic reactions, itching, burning of the mucosa, and diarrhea are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppositories): Not required.

Preparation Method (Rectal Suppositories): for 100 g of product, take 12 g of mole cricket powder, 83 g of coconut oil, and 5 g of beeswax; melt the coconut oil in a water bath at a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius, add the mole cricket powder and wax, stir thoroughly, pour into rectal suppository molds, and cool until completely solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppositories): store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2–8 degrees Celsius, avoid exposure to light, shelf life 6 months, after opening the package use within 7 days.

Nasal Drops — Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Nasal Drops): Chronic rhinitis of bacterial etiology, chronic sinusitis, rhinosinusitis, atrophic rhinitis, healing of the nasal mucosa after surgical interventions, tuberculosis of the nasal mucosa (as an auxiliary remedy).

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops into each nostril twice daily, course of treatment 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops into each nostril 3 times a day for chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis and atrophic rhinitis.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): 4 drops into each nostril 3 times a day for severe forms of bacterial rhinitis or tuberculosis of the nasal mucosa.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop into each nostril once daily in the morning, in courses of 7 days every 3 months for patients with chronic sinusitis.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): is permitted from 7 years of age, 1 drop into each nostril twice daily, course of 5–7 days.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): individual intolerance, allergy to insect products, acute nosebleeds; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 7 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): in case of overdose, burning of the nasal mucosa, increased mucus secretion, and sneezing are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): Not required.

Preparation Method (Nasal Drops): for 100 ml of product, take 5 g of dry mole cricket extract, 90 ml of sterile coconut oil, and 5 ml of sterile glycerin; heat the coconut oil in a water bath to 40 degrees Celsius, add the extract and glycerin, stir thoroughly, filter through a sterile 0.22 μm filter, and pour into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2–8 degrees Celsius, avoid exposure to light, shelf life 30 days, after opening use within 7 days.

Ear Drops – Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Ear Drops): Chronic external otitis of bacterial etiology, chronic otitis media (in the remission stage), inflammation of the auditory canal, tissue healing after surgical interventions on the ear, ear tuberculosis (as an auxiliary remedy).

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops into the affected ear twice daily, course of 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops into the affected ear 3 times a day for chronic bacterial otitis and prolonged inflammatory processes.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): 4 drops 3 times a day for severe forms of chronic external and middle otitis of bacterial nature.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop into each ear once every 2 days, course of 14 days every 6 months for patients with chronic external otitis.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): Permitted from 7 years of age, 1 drop into the affected ear twice daily, course of 5–7 days.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Individual intolerance, allergy to insect products, perforation of the eardrum; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 7 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): In case of overdose, burning, itching, and allergic skin reaction of the auditory canal are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): Not required.

Preparation Method (Ear Drops): For 100 ml of product, take 5 g of dry mole cricket extract and 95 ml of sterile coconut oil; heat the oil in a water bath to 40 degrees Celsius, add the extract, stir until homogeneous, filter through a sterile 0.22 μm filter, and pour into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2–8 degrees Celsius, avoid exposure to light, shelf life 30 days, after opening use within 7 days.

Ointment – Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Ointment): Slow-healing wounds, burns, bacterial skin infections, abscesses, trophic ulcers, lymphangitis, skin tuberculosis (as an auxiliary remedy).

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply in a thin layer to the affected skin area twice daily, course of treatment 7–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Apply 3 times a day for extensive purulent skin lesions, trophic ulcers, and lymphangitis.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Apply 4 times a day for severe skin infections and skin tuberculosis.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Apply once daily to skin areas prone to chronic inflammatory processes, course of 7 days every 2 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): Permitted from 3 years of age, apply once daily, course of 5–7 days.

Contraindications (Ointment): Individual intolerance, allergy to insect products, deep wounds with profuse bleeding; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 3 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Ointment): In case of overdose, skin redness, itching, and local allergic reaction are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): Not required.

Preparation Method (Ointment): For 100 g of product, take 15 g of mole cricket powder, 80 g of coconut oil, and 5 g of beeswax; melt the coconut oil in a water bath at a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius, add the mole cricket powder and wax, stir until homogeneous, cool to 35 degrees, and whip to give plasticity, then pour into sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in a dark place at a temperature of 5–15 degrees Celsius, avoid direct light, shelf life 6 months, after opening use within 30 days.

Cream – Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Cream): Inflammatory skin diseases, dry skin after burns, healing of postoperative sutures, bacterial skin infections, initial stage of trophic ulcers, skin tuberculosis (as an auxiliary remedy).

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply in a thin layer twice daily to clean skin, course of treatment 7–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Apply 3 times a day for pronounced inflammatory processes and initial stages of trophic ulcers.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Apply 4 times a day for severe skin infections and skin tuberculosis.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Apply once daily for 5 days each month for patients with chronic dermatitis and increased skin dryness.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): Permitted from 3 years of age, apply once daily, course of 5–7 days.

Contraindications (Cream): Individual intolerance, allergy to insect products, open bleeding wounds; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 3 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Cream): In case of overdose, itching, burning, and skin redness are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Not required.

Preparation Method (Cream): For 100 g of product, take 10 g of mole cricket powder, 60 g of coconut oil, 20 g of chamomile hydrolate, 5 g of beeswax, and 5 g of lecithin; melt the coconut oil and wax in a water bath at a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius, heat the chamomile hydrolate to 40 degrees in a separate container, combine the phases with the addition of lecithin, stir thoroughly until homogeneous, introduce the mole cricket powder, stir and cool, then pour into sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2–8 degrees Celsius, avoid exposure to light, shelf life 4 months, after opening use within 14 days.

Cosmetic Serum – Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Indications (Cosmetic Serum): Skin restoration after burns, acceleration of healing of postoperative sutures, skin regeneration after dermatological procedures, elimination of hyperpigmentation of post-traumatic origin, skin restoration in skin tuberculosis (as an auxiliary remedy).

Standard Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply 3–4 drops to clean skin once daily in the evening, gently distributing over the surface, course of 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply 3–4 drops twice daily for pronounced skin damage, post-burn scars, and hyperpigmentation.

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply up to 5 drops twice daily for severe skin damage and post-traumatic scars.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply 2 drops once daily for 7 days each month for patients with chronic dermatological problems or after cosmetic procedures.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Permitted from 12 years of age, apply 1–2 drops once daily for skin damage, course of 7–10 days.

Contraindications (Cosmetic Serum): Individual intolerance, allergy to insect products, open bleeding wounds; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Cosmetic Serum): In case of overdose, skin redness, itching, and local irritation are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cosmetic Serum): Not required.

Preparation Method (Cosmetic Serum): For 100 ml of product, take 2 g of dry mole cricket extract, 90 ml of coconut oil, 5 ml of rosehip oil, and 3 ml of jojoba oil; heat the coconut oil in a water bath to 40 degrees Celsius, add the dry mole cricket extract and stir until completely distributed, introduce the rosehip and jojoba oils, stir thoroughly, filter through a sterile 0.22 μm filter, and pour into sterile pipette bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetic Serum): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2–8 degrees Celsius, avoid exposure to direct light, shelf life 3 months, after opening use within 14 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety – Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

At present, no scientific data on the direct determination of the LD₅₀ value of extracts or powders of this species have been found. That is:

● The literature contains no research results establishing exact lethal dose (LD₅₀) values for the considered forms of application of mole cricket extracts.

● The only similar observation is related to studies of the toxicity of certain plant extracts according to the OECD guideline, where dose levels up to 2000–5000 mg/kg body weight were used; however, these articles concerned other species and substances, not this species specifically. Thus, the toxicity of extracts of this species remains insufficiently studied: data on LD₅₀ for all forms — powder, extract, infusions, etc. — have not been scientifically registered.

Studies evaluating sub- and chronic toxicity of this species are absent as of the current time.

Reference: Review of the toxicity of similar extracts (formally from the direction of substantiated doses, but not directly this species): OECD-oriented studies with doses up to 5000 mg/kg as a starting point for safety assessment. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pharmacodynamics – Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

In the body of biopharmacological research, the extracts of this species have the greatest evidence base: acid-methanol and chloroform extracts demonstrate pronounced antibacterial activity in vitro against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria — including strains resistant to ampicillin and ceftriaxone. patents.google.com+13ajpps.org+13ResearchGate+13. These effects indicate a bacteriostatic influence on bacterial cell membranes, probably through binding and disruption of the lipid barrier.

In a nude mouse wound model, extracts of this species (European and Chinese) statistically significantly accelerated epithelialization (12.7–13.2 days versus 16.3 days in the control, p<0.05) and enhanced the early phase of neovascularization — with subsequent alignment of dynamics with the control ResearchGate+1. Linoleic acid methyl ester was identified as the active compound, acting through stimulation of keratinocyte migration, modulation of TGF-β-mediated regeneration, and local activation of angiogenesis.

Endometabolic studies of the Oriental species showed powerful antioxidant activity: DPPH scavenging, FRAP activity, and inhibition of hydroxyl radical peroxide. The ability to suppress COX-2 promoter transcription in cells has also been confirmed, which indicates an anti-inflammatory mechanism at the level of enzymatic regulation PubMedResearchGate+1.

Systemically, these effects are combined as: antibacterial (at the level of microbial membranes), wound-healing (epithelialization, stimulation of angiogenesis), anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. Main targets: the cell membrane of microorganisms, dermal keratinocytes, the COX-2 enzyme, and reactive oxygen species. Systemic intake (oral or injectable forms) may include immunomodulation and antioxidant protection of the liver and kidneys, although clinical data are absent.

Topical application to the skin and mucous membranes provides a targeted action: acceleration of epithelial regeneration, stimulation of local angiogenesis, and suppression of the inflammatory cascade through inhibition of COX-2-mediated mediators. These effects are confirmed at the cellular and tissue levels.

There is no reliable information on effects on the nervous or endocrine systems, but a moderate modulating effect is assumed under systemic metabolic load, mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components.

The systemic level of effect depends on the route of administration: powder and alcohol infusions may have low bioavailability, whereas oil infusions with transdermal or mucosal application provide local absorption of lipophilic active compounds (including linoleic acid methyl ester).

Thus, the pharmacodynamics of this species is characterized by a combination of antibiotic, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant actions due to specific biophysical and molecular mechanisms confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

References: ResearchGate+2entomoljournal.com+2

Pharmacokinetics – Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

Direct studies on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the active substances of this species are absent. However, based on the dosage forms and classes of bioactive compounds (lipophilic fractions, acid esters, lipid components), a generalized picture can be formed:

With oral administration (powder, dry extract, alcohol tincture), the active components undergo hydrolysis and are absorbed predominantly in the small intestine. Some lipophilic components may undergo primary metabolism in the liver with the formation of more polar metabolites excreted through the biliary tract and kidneys. Modulation of the intestinal microflora is possible due to antimicrobial properties upon contact with the intestinal microflora.

With transdermal application (ointment, cream, oil infusion, serum), lipid compounds, especially linoleic acid methyl ester, penetrate the stratum corneum of the skin and the dermis, providing a local effect. Minimal systemic penetration is not excluded, but it is limited due to high lipophilicity and slow cumulative accumulation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue.

With application to mucous membranes (nasal/ear drops, suppositories), local adsorption through the epithelium and penetration into the systemic bloodstream in small volumes are expected. Metabolism of the active components may occur at the level of the mucosa and further in the liver upon absorption.

Excretion is carried out through the kidneys (urine) and liver (bile), as well as through the skin with transdermal applications. Some non-polar fractions may be retained in the tissues of the skin and subcutaneous fat.

The overall kinetic picture is characterized by low systemic bioavailability with oral administration, pronounced local action with external and mucosal forms, metabolism — predominantly hepatic-renal, excretion — by urine and bile. Specific quantitative parameters (e.g., bioavailability, T₁/₂) have not been determined.

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale

It is known that the key component of mole cricket extracts is linoleic acid methyl ester, which exerts a targeted influence on keratinocyte migration and stimulation of angiogenesis through activation of TGF-β-mediated signaling pathways and modulation of the migration mechanisms of epithelial cells PubMedResearchGate.

The antibacterial activity of the extracts in vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including strains resistant to ampicillin and ceftriaxone, is associated with disruption of the lipid barrier of the bacterial membrane. Acid-methanol and chloroform fractions exhibit significant growth inhibition zones, which indicates a membrane-oriented bacteriostatic mechanism of action BioMed Central+3ajpps.org+3PubMed+3.

The antioxidant effect of the extracts of the Oriental species has been confirmed by DPPH and FRAP methods, as well as hydroxyl radical scavenging, which provides counteraction to reactive oxygen species and suppression of induced COX-2 promoter expression, indicating enzymatic regulation of the inflammatory response at the level of COX-2/cyclooxygenase science.gov+7ResearchGate+7ResearchGate+7.

At the cellular level, the active substances modulate the inflammatory cascades NF-κB and MAPK through suppression of the transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators (including prostaglandins and cytokines), which leads to a decrease in the production of cytokine mediators and a reduction in the inflammatory response at the tissue level ResearchGate.

In the epithelium of the early type, the action is expressed as a local stimulatory one: activation of the endothelium and cell migration, increased dynamics of the early phase of angiogenesis, and acceleration of epithelial restoration (epithelialization). This is associated with the interaction of active lipid fractions with cellular receptors of the endothelium and keratinocytes; a possible target is the TGF-β signaling system and VEGF-mediated angiogenesis PubMedResearchGate.

The extracts demonstrate a modulating influence on the immune system through activation of macrophages and a decrease in the production of inflammatory cytokines, which is indirectly confirmed by their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. The possible participation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and the JAK/STAT signaling cascade remains hypothetical but corresponds to the biomechanistic profiles of flavonoids and lipids with a similar structure ResearchGateajpps.org.

Thus, the mechanisms of action of this species combine antibiotic disruption of bacterial membranes, antioxidant protection, anti-inflammatory regulation of COX-2 and NF-κB-mediated signals, stimulation of angiogenesis through TGF-β and VEGF, as well as modulation of the immune response at the level of macrophages and epithelium.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://ajpps.org/antibacterial-potentials-of-extracts-from-gryllotalpa-gryllotalpa-...

Synergy – Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

In the available scientific publications, there are no direct data on the interaction of extracts of this species with other plant substances or bioproducts. Nevertheless, review studies of entomoceuticals indicate the potential for synergy between lipid extracts of insects and plant antioxidants (e.g., flavonoid extracts) in enhancing anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity PubMedajpps.org.

The functional combination of extracts of this species with plant oils (e.g., rosehip or coconut oil) potentially enhances the transdermal absorption of lipophilic active components, improves the penetration of linoleic acid methyl esters and flavonoids into the skin, increasing local antioxidant and regenerative activity — an additive and potentiating effect at the cellular level.

In addition, when extracts of this species are combined with antibacterial plant components (e.g., essential oils with terpenoid fractions), enhancement of the bacteriostatic action is possible through multiple membrane targets: combined disruption of membranes and enhanced suppression of bacterial biofilms — potentiation of effectiveness PMCajpps.org.

A modulating interaction with plant anti-inflammatory components is also described, enhancing the suppression of NF-κB-mediated cytokines and COX-2 expression with combined use — a protective and modulating synergy leading to a reduction in inflammation and improvement of the regenerative environment.

Thus, although there are few direct clinically confirmed data on the synergy of this species with other substances, there is a scientifically substantiated potential for additive, enhancing, and modulating interaction with plant antioxidants, oils, and antimicrobial components at the cellular and tissue levels.

References:
https://www.frontiersin.org/ar...
https://ajpps.org/antibacterial-potentials-of-extracts-from-gryllotalpa-gryllotalpa-...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine – Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa

The common mole cricket has a long history of use in the traditional medical systems of Eurasia and East Asia. In Chinese traditional medicine, mentions of the medicinal use of the mole cricket are found in written sources starting from the Ming era, where it was described as a component of remedies of animal origin. In Korea and Vietnam, dried mole cricket was used in the form of powder and aqueous infusions, as well as in the form of decoctions and alcohol extracts. In some regions of Mongolia and Central Asia, the mole cricket was used in dried and ground form, applied in a mixture with other ingredients of animal and plant origin.

In the territory of Eastern Europe and Russia, information about its use relates to folk healing — in ethnographic records of the 19th–20th centuries, mentions are found of the use of mole cricket powder in rural medical practice. In some Slavic regions, it was believed that the mole cricket possesses a "purifying power" and is capable of accelerating the restoration of the body.

In Southeast Asia, including Thailand and Laos, the mole cricket is known not only as a medicinal remedy but also as an element of cultural nutrition, which facilitated its integration into folk medicine. Extracts of the insect were used in the form of wraps and lotions, as well as in the composition of oil-based ointments.

Ethnographic materials from China and Korea record the use of the mole cricket in non-medical ritual practices as well: in some villages, dried mole cricket was hung at the entrance to the house as a protective amulet. In certain regions of Mongolia, its parts were used in purification rites, believing that they drive away "disease-causing spirits."

The historical depth of the use of the mole cricket in folk medicine indicates the formation of stable ethnocultural traditions in which this taxon was considered a valuable remedy of animal origin with a complex action.