​Hemerocallis fulva (Orange Daylily)

Hemerocallis fulva (Orange Daylily)

Product Name: Лилейник буро-жёлтый, Hemerocallis fulva, Braune Taglilie, Lirio de día rojo, Hémérocalle fauve, زنبق النهار البني، เดย์ลิลี่สีน้ำตาลแดง

Synonyms: лилейник рыжеватый, красная дневная лилия, daylily, tawny daylily, Brown Daylily, Tiger Daylily, Braune Taglilie, Taglilie, Lirio de un día, Azucena silvestre, Hémérocalle sauvage, Lys d’un jour, زنبق النهار، زنبق النمر، زنبق يومي، ดอกเดย์ลิลี่, ว่านหอมแดง

Parts Used: flowers, buds, leaves, roots.

Main Indications for Use of Hemerocallis fulva: Anxiety disorder, mild to moderate depressive episode, insomnia, somatoform disorder, neurasthenia, increased excitability, asthenoneurotic syndrome, psychosomatic manifestations of stress disorders, neurological form of climacteric syndrome.

Use of Hemerocallis fulva in mixtures and complexes: Adjustment disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, mild forms of attention deficit syndrome in adults, emotionally labile personality disorder, psychovegetative syndromes, recovery after stress-induced cognitive impairment, maintenance therapy for anxiolytic withdrawal syndrome.

Pharmacological Properties of Hemerocallis fulva: anxiolytic, antidepressant, sedative, normothymic, mildly adaptogenic, spasmolytic, anti-stress, antioxidant, general tonic, nootropic-like, neuroprotective, mood-stabilizing.

Dosage of Pharmacological Forms — Hemerocallis fulva

Powder — Hemerocallis fulva

Indications (Powder): Anxiety disorder, mild depressive episode, insomnia, asthenoneurotic syndrome, somatoform disorder, psychosomatic reactions, climacteric syndrome with a predominance of psycho-emotional disorders.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1.5 grams of powder once a day, in the morning or first half of the day, 20 minutes before meals, with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): Up to 2.5 grams twice a day — for anxiety-depressive disorders, psychosomatic manifestations of chronic stress, pronounced fatigue, and autonomic dysfunctions.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 3 grams three times a day. Recommended exclusively for severe neurotic manifestations accompanied by insomnia, panic attacks, persistent psychovegetative syndrome.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5–1 gram once a day in the morning for 14 days with a break of 14 days. Recommended for patients with a predisposition to anxiety reactions, frequent emotional overload, women in premenopause, patients during the recovery period after psycho-emotional burnout.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 12 years of age, with body weight not less than 40 kilograms — 0.3–0.5 grams once a day, only under specialist supervision. Sex does not matter.

Contraindications (Powder): Acute diarrhea, individual intolerance, pronounced hypotension, pregnancy and lactation — data on the safety of use have not been registered. Not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age — scientific data are insufficient.

Side Effects (Powder): With overdose, dizziness, short-term drowsiness, decreased blood pressure are possible. All registered side effects are reversible and do not require specific therapy.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Patients with body weight less than 60 kilograms: reduce the dosage by 25%. Patients with body weight more than 90 kilograms: an increase of dosage up to the upper limit of the standard range is possible under specialist supervision.

Preparation Method (Powder): To prepare 100 grams of powder, use: — dried petals and buds of orange daylily — 100 grams. The raw material is ground manually or in a natural stone mill to a fine powder state. Sieved through a sieve with a mesh diameter of no more than 0.5 millimeters. Thermal treatment above 40 degrees Celsius is not allowed. Fractions that have not passed through the sieve are re-milled. The powder is hermetically sealed in glass containers with a tight lid.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a tightly closed glass container in a dark place at a temperature from 10 to 25 degrees Celsius. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight, moisture, and electromagnetic sources. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening the package, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Hemerocallis fulva

Indications (Dry Extract): Moderate depressive episode, anxiety disorder, insomnia, climacteric syndrome with psycho-emotional lability, asthenic syndrome, psychosomatic disorders with pronounced autonomic symptoms, chronic fatigue syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 250 milligrams of dry extract once a day in the morning, 20–30 minutes before meals, in a course of 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 400–500 milligrams 2 times a day — for pronounced psycho-emotional disorders, chronic anxiety-depressive state, vegetovascular dystonia caused by prolonged stress.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): 600 milligrams 3 times a day, permissible for no more than 10 days consecutively. Recommended only for severe forms of anxiety-depressive disorder with sleep disturbance, decreased vital tone, and emotional instability.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 100–150 milligrams once a day, in a course of 10 days per month, for 3 months. Recommended for the prevention of relapse of anxiety states, patients with cyclothymia, emotionally unstable personalities, as well as women in premenopause.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): From 12 years of age with body weight from 40 kilograms — 100 milligrams once a day. With weight less than 40 kilograms and age under 12 years, not recommended — safety data are insufficient.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Pregnancy, lactation, severe hypotension, epilepsy, individual intolerance to components. In children under 12 years of age, safety data are absent.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): With overdose, pronounced decrease in blood pressure, drowsiness, confusion are possible. In rare cases — transient headaches and nausea.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Patients less than 60 kilograms — reduction of dosage by 20%. Patients more than 90 kilograms — an increase of dosage by 25% is possible under specialist supervision.

Preparation Method (Dry Extract): To obtain 100 grams of extract, use: — dried petals and buds of daylily — 500 grams, — purified water — 1000 milliliters. The raw material is infused in hot water (temperature 70–75 degrees Celsius) for 4 hours. Then the extract is filtered and evaporated in a water bath to a volume of 200 ml. The resulting concentrate is dried in a drying chamber at a temperature not exceeding 45 degrees until a dry powder is obtained. The finished dry extract is homogenized and packaged in light-proof airtight containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in a hermetically closed dark glass container at a temperature of 10–25 degrees Celsius, in a dry and light-protected place. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 45 days.

Alcohol Tincture — Hemerocallis fulva

Indications (Alcohol Tincture): Anxiety disorder, insomnia, panic disorder, somatoform disorder with cardialgias, psychovegetative syndrome, vegetovascular dystonia, climacteric disorder with neurovegetative disorders.

Standard Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): 15 drops of alcohol tincture in 25–30% ethanol 2 times a day, 15 minutes before meals, dissolved in 50 ml of water. Course — 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): 25 drops 3 times a day — for severe manifestations of anxiety, pronounced psychovegetative syndrome, panic attacks, nervous tics, persistent sleep disorders.

Maximum Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): 30 drops 3 times a day. Permissible only for short-term course use (no more than 5 days consecutively) for severe episodes of neurotic excitation and night anxiety.

Preventive Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): 10 drops once a day, diluted in 50 ml of water, in the morning or before bedtime. Course — 10 days, then a break of 10 days. Recommended for patients with periodic emotional tension, under conditions of high cognitive or social load.

Pediatric Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): Not recommended for children under 16 years of age due to ethanol content. Safety in childhood has not been scientifically confirmed.

Contraindications (Alcohol Tincture): Alcoholism, pregnancy, lactation, liver diseases, epilepsy, childhood under 16 years of age. Individual intolerance. Do not use together with benzodiazepines, sedatives, and drugs that depress the central nervous system.

Side Effects (Alcohol Tincture): When the dosage is exceeded, drowsiness, dizziness, increased sedative effect, decreased concentration, nausea are possible. In rare cases — intolerance reactions to ethanol or plant raw material.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Patients with body weight less than 60 kilograms — start taking with 10 drops and increase if necessary. Patients more than 90 kilograms — a gradual increase to the enhanced dose is permissible under condition monitoring.

Preparation Method (Alcohol Tincture): To prepare 100 ml of alcohol tincture, you need: — dry ground daylily buds — 20 grams, — 70% ethyl alcohol (of organic origin) — 100 milliliters. The raw material is placed in a dark glass container, poured with alcohol, and infused at room temperature in the shade for 7 days. Shake daily. After infusion, filter through 3 layers of gauze and pour into an airtight dark glass dropper bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Alcohol Tincture): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature from 10 to 20 degrees Celsius. Do not expose to light and heat. Shelf life — 12 months in an unopened container, after opening — 60 days.

Oil Infusion — Hemerocallis fulva

Indications (Oil Infusion): Climacteric syndrome with neurovegetative and dermatological manifestations, asthenodepressive state, skin itching of neurogenic origin, anxiety disorder, irritability, dry skin against the background of hormonal changes, dermatitis with a neurogenic component.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Topically — 1–2 ml of oil infusion apply to the solar plexus, neck, or wrists 2 times a day, in a course of 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 3 ml of oil infusion 3 times a day topically, rubbing into the back of the neck, upper chest, or temporal area for pronounced tension, in combination with deep aromatherapy breathing. Applicable for pronounced anxiety disorder and episodes of psychosomatic skin itching.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): 5 ml 3 times a day topically. Not recommended for longer than 5 days consecutively. Used in exceptional cases for pronounced psychosomatics, tension of the neck and facial muscles, in combination with massage.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): 1 ml of oil infusion once a day in the evening on the neck or décolleté area. Used in courses of 10 days once a month in premenopausal women, patients with vegetative lability, anxiety, irritability, a tendency to stress reactions.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 10 years of age — no more than 0.5 ml topically once a day. Permissible only in the presence of skin manifestations against the background of emotional lability. Use is agreed with a physician.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Allergy to oil extracts, acute skin diseases with weeping, dermatitis in the exacerbation phase, hypersensitivity to components. Data on use during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 10 years of age are absent.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Rarely — local hyperemia, itching, increased skin irritation. When applied to large areas, drowsiness and decreased concentration are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For patients with body weight less than 50 kg, it is recommended to use minimal dosages. With weight more than 90 kg, an increase in the application volume by 20–25% is permissible.

Preparation Method (Oil Infusion): To prepare 100 ml of oil infusion: — petals and buds of orange daylily — 20 grams, — organic sesame oil (unrefined cold-pressed) — 100 milliliters. Grind the raw material, pour with warm oil (35–40 degrees Celsius), hermetically close, and infuse in a water bath at a temperature of 45 degrees for 3 hours. After cooling, keep for 48 hours in a dark place, then strain, squeeze, filter, and pour into dark glass vials.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a dark place at a temperature from 10 to 25 degrees Celsius. Avoid light and heating. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Creams and Ointments — Hemerocallis fulva

Indications (Creams and Ointments): Psychogenic skin itching, dermatitis with an autonomic component, dry skin against the background of climacteric disorders, skin irritation under stress, anxiety disorder with skin manifestations, anxiety exanthemous syndrome, neurodermatitis in remission.

Standard Dosage (Creams and Ointments): Apply cream or ointment in a thin layer to the affected or sensitive skin area 1–2 times a day. Course of use — from 7 to 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Creams and Ointments): Application 3 times a day, including in the evening under an occlusive dressing (gauze bandage on the application area) for pronounced dry skin, skin itching against the background of stress, sleep disorders accompanying skin hyperesthesia.

Maximum Dosage (Creams and Ointments): 4-fold application during the day on limited skin areas (no more than 15% of the body surface). Applicable only short-term (up to 3 days) for intense psychosomatic manifestations.

Preventive Dosage (Creams and Ointments): Apply once a day before bedtime to the area of the forearms, neck, or chest. Used in courses of 10 days per month, recommended for premenopausal women, patients with sensitive skin prone to irritation during nervous strain.

Pediatric Dosage (Creams and Ointments): From 6 years of age — a single application during the day on limited skin areas, volume no more than 0.5 ml. Use is possible only in the absence of pronounced skin inflammations. Preliminary dermatological testing is mandatory.

Contraindications (Creams and Ointments): Acute pustular skin diseases, individual intolerance, exudative dermatitis, weeping eczema. Data on safety during pregnancy and lactation are absent. Not recommended for use in children under 6 years of age.

Side Effects (Creams and Ointments): In rare cases, local allergic reactions are possible: redness, itching, peeling. With prolonged use on sensitive areas, transient hypersensitivity is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: With body weight less than 50 kg — apply the minimum amount of cream or ointment and limit to areas up to 5% of the skin surface. With weight more than 90 kg, it is possible to expand the application area up to 20% of the body.

Preparation Method (Cream): To prepare 100 grams of cream: — aqueous extract of daylily (concentrated) — 10 grams, — jojoba oil — 20 grams, — beeswax — 6 grams, — lavender hydrolate — 60 grams, — natural emulsifier (cetearyl glucoside) — 4 grams. Beeswax and jojoba oil are heated to 60 degrees, the emulsifier is added and cooled to 45 degrees. Then the daylily extract mixed with hydrolate is introduced, slowly with constant stirring until a homogeneous creamy texture is formed. Poured into sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature from 5 to 15 degrees Celsius in a dark place, avoiding overheating and freezing. Shelf life — 3 months in a closed package. After opening, use within 30 days.

Mask — Hemerocallis fulva

Indications (Mask): Stress-induced irritation of facial skin, fatigue of the skin, dark circles under the eyes, signs of psychophysical overwork, dry skin against the background of disturbed sleep, decreased skin tone in anxious and depressive states.

Standard Dosage (Mask): Apply 5–7 ml of the mask to pre-cleansed facial skin once every 2 days. Keep for 15 minutes, then rinse with warm water. Course — 10 applications.

Enhanced Dosage (Mask): Apply daily 7–10 ml in the evening for pronounced skin fatigue, irritation, and dullness of the skin against the background of a stressful period, as well as in case of anxious tension accompanied by sleep disturbance.

Maximum Dosage (Mask): Up to 12 ml 2 times a day (morning and evening), no more than 5 days consecutively, for acute pronounced psycho-emotional tension with somatic manifestations on the skin (dull color, dryness, inflammation).

Preventive Dosage (Mask): 5 ml of the mask once every 3 days, in a course of 6 applications, repeat once a month. Recommended for premenopausal women, specialists with a high level of psycho-emotional load, patients during the recovery period after anxiety episodes.

Pediatric Dosage (Mask): Not used under 14 years of age. The safety of using daylily-based masks in adolescents has not been confirmed.

Contraindications (Mask): Acute inflammatory processes on the skin, open wounds, weeping eczema, individual intolerance to components. Data on safety during pregnancy and lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Mask): Local allergic reactions are possible: redness, itching, mild burning. With prolonged use — episodes of skin sensitivity and peeling.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required, as the mask is applied topically. Correction of the application area is possible with an increased or decreased facial area.

Preparation Method (Mask): To prepare 100 grams of the mask: — fresh daylily extract (aqueous) — 15 grams, — white cosmetic clay — 50 grams, — lemon balm hydrolate — 30 grams, — grape seed oil — 5 grams. The clay is sieved and mixed with the hydrolate until a paste state, then the daylily extract and oil are added, mixed with a wooden spatula until homogeneous. The mass is stored in an airtight jar.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Mask): Store in a refrigerator at a temperature from 4 to 8 degrees Celsius, in a glass jar with a tight lid. Shelf life — no more than 14 days. After opening, use within 7 days.

Lotion — Hemerocallis fulva

Indications (Lotion): Irritation and redness of the skin against the background of psycho-emotional tension, vegetovascular reactions of the facial skin, feeling of heat and hot flashes in climacteric syndrome, stress-induced dryness and tightness of the skin, mild itching of neurogenic origin.

Standard Dosage (Lotion): Wipe the skin of the face and neck 1–2 times a day with a cotton pad soaked in 3–5 ml of lotion. Duration of the course — from 10 to 15 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Lotion): Up to 3 times a day for pronounced hot flashes, sharp redness of the skin, hypersensitivity reactions against the background of stress. Apply for 5–7 days, then switch to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Lotion): Up to 6 ml 4 times a day (including at night), no longer than 3 days consecutively. Recommended exclusively for severe manifestations of skin tension or spontaneous hot flashes in menopausal women.

Preventive Dosage (Lotion): 2–3 ml once a day (morning or evening) in courses of 7 days, with a break of 7–10 days. Recommended for vegetative lability of the skin, a tendency to stress-induced skin reactions and impaired skin barrier.

Pediatric Dosage (Lotion): From 10 years of age — only in the presence of indications, 1 ml once a day, no more than 5 days. A sensitivity test is mandatory. Do not use in the presence of inflammatory skin processes.

Contraindications (Lotion): Pustular skin diseases, weeping eczema, individual intolerance to components. Data on the safety of use during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered. Do not use in children under 10 years of age.

Side Effects (Lotion): Mild tingling, skin tightness, in rare cases — contact allergy, redness, short-term feeling of heat, are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Correction is not required. With increased body weight, volume correction is possible depending on the area of treated skin areas.

Preparation Method (Lotion): To prepare 100 ml of lotion: — aqueous infusion of daylily petals (decoction) — 50 milliliters, — chamomile hydrolate — 45 milliliters, — witch hazel extract (alcohol, 5%) — 5 milliliters. All components are thoroughly mixed in sterile dishes, filtered through a microfilter (0.2 µm), poured into dark spray bottles. Only cooled components are used. Heating is not allowed.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Lotion): Store in a refrigerator at a temperature from 4 to 8 degrees Celsius. Avoid exposure to light. Shelf life — 21 days. After opening, use within 10 days.

Tonic — Hemerocallis fulva

Indications (Tonic): Skin manifestations of stress, skin sensitivity during emotional overload, redness and irritation of the skin against the background of anxiety, climacteric hot flashes with local facial hyperemia, impaired skin tone, neurovegetative instability of the skin.

Standard Dosage (Tonic): Wipe the skin of the face and neck 2 times a day, morning and evening, with a cotton pad soaked in 3 ml of tonic. Duration of the course — 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tonic): Up to 4 ml 3 times a day — for pronounced psychovegetative discomfort, impaired skin respiration, episodes of sharp vegetative hyperemia, especially during periods of anxiety and insomnia.

Maximum Dosage (Tonic): Up to 5 ml up to 4 times a day, short-term (up to 3 days consecutively) for pronounced hot flashes, dryness, and skin irritation associated with emotional outbursts and changes in thermoregulation.

Preventive Dosage (Tonic): 2 ml once a day in the evening, for 7 days monthly. Recommended for perimenopausal women, patients with neurovegetative lability working under conditions of increased emotional load.

Pediatric Dosage (Tonic): From 10 years of age — 1 ml once a day, in the presence of signs of skin hyperreactivity associated with psycho-emotional tension. A preliminary sensitivity test is mandatory.

Contraindications (Tonic): Acute inflammatory skin processes, allergic reaction to components, weeping skin diseases. Safety during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 10 years of age has not been registered.

Side Effects (Tonic): Short-term tingling, feeling of cold or burning, dry skin with excessive use are possible. Rarely — contact dermatitis or rash.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Correction is not required. The application volume is determined only by the area of skin treatment.

Preparation Method (Tonic): To prepare 100 ml of tonic: — freshly prepared decoction of daylily petals — 60 milliliters, — rosemary hydrolate — 30 milliliters, — aqueous extract of mint leaves (aqueous) — 10 milliliters. Mix the components in a sterile glass container, stir thoroughly, filter through sterile textile, pour into a glass bottle with a dispenser. Do not subject to thermal sterilization. Use only cooled solutions.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tonic): Store in a refrigerator at a temperature from 4 to 8 degrees Celsius in a dark vial. Shelf life — no more than 14 days. After opening, use within 7 days.

Serum — Hemerocallis fulva

Indications (Serum): Decreased skin tone under chronic stress, stress-induced skin aging, signs of facial fatigue, deterioration of microcirculation and skin color, skin reactivity against the background of anxiety disorders, deterioration of skin regeneration after insomnia and psycho-emotional exhaustion.

Standard Dosage (Serum): Apply 2–3 drops of serum to the face and neck once a day in the evening after cleansing the skin. Distribute with light movements over the skin until completely absorbed. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): 3–4 drops 2 times a day, morning and evening, for 10 days — for pronounced signs of skin fatigue, gray skin tone, impaired skin barrier, and increased sensitivity that occur during periods of emotional tension.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): Up to 6 drops 2–3 times a day. Applicable exclusively short-term (3–5 days consecutively) for pronounced skin exhaustion, for example, after prolonged stress, overwork, night insomnia, or a depressive episode.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 1–2 drops once a day before bedtime, in courses of 7 days per month. Recommended for a tendency to neurovegetative skin disorders, deterioration of microcirculation, skin reactivity during hormonal changes, or recovery after emotional burnout.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): Not recommended for children under 14 years of age. For adolescents from 14 years of age — 1 drop once a day, no more than 5 days consecutively, according to indications (reactive skin, dull complexion). Only under specialist supervision.

Contraindications (Serum): Individual intolerance to components, active inflammatory skin processes, open wounds, severe forms of acne. Data on use during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 14 years of age are absent.

Side Effects (Serum): Rarely — short-term tingling, feeling of warmth, hyperemia. Local allergic reactions are possible. With excessive use — feeling of stickiness, pore blockage.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Correction is not required, the volume is selected according to the area of the facial skin and the sensitivity of skin receptors, not by body weight.

Preparation Method (Serum): To prepare 30 ml of serum: — concentrate of aqueous extract of daylily petals — 5 milliliters, — immortelle hydrolate — 15 milliliters, — natural vegetable glycerin — 6 milliliters, — hyaluronic acid (low molecular weight, 1%) — 2 milliliters, — lavender essential oil — 2 drops. All components are mixed in a sterile glass container at a temperature of 20–22 degrees Celsius. The mixture is stirred until completely homogeneous. Packaged in glass vials with a pipette.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store in a refrigerator at a temperature from 4 to 8 degrees Celsius. Do not allow heating and exposure to direct light. Shelf life — up to 30 days from the date of manufacture. After opening, use within 14 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Hemerocallis fulva

Data on the toxicity of Hemerocallis fulva indicate its low acute toxicity and good tolerability for oral and topical use. In experimental studies on animals (including mice and rats), aqueous and alcohol extracts of orange daylily did not cause signs of acute toxic action even at doses significantly exceeding therapeutic ones.

The LD₅₀ value (lethal dose for 50% of animals) for the aqueous extract of Hemerocallis fulva flowers in mice is more than 18 g/kg with oral administration, which classifies the plant as low-toxic according to the scale of toxicological classification of substances. Similar data were obtained for ethanol extracts, while no significant deviations in clinical and biochemical blood parameters were observed.

Studies also confirm the absence of mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic action. With prolonged use in laboratory animals, no cumulative toxic effect was detected. Topical use in the form of ointments, creams, and lotions did not cause skin sensitization or irritation under controlled conditions.

Thus, Hemerocallis fulva belongs to the number of phytopreparations with a high profile of biological safety when observing dosages and frequency of intake.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Pharmacodynamics — Hemerocallis fulva

The pharmacodynamic profile of Hemerocallis fulva is due to the presence of a wide range of biologically active substances, among which phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin), flavonoids, triterpene saponins, and amino acid derivatives are of key importance. These substances participate in the multicomponent regulation of cellular and systemic mechanisms, exhibiting pharmacological activity mainly at the level of the central and autonomic nervous system, skin, liver, immune and vascular systems.

The sedative and anxiolytic properties of Hemerocallis fulva extracts are associated with their ability to modulate GABAergic neurotransmission. Studies on animal models have shown that extracts of the plant's flowers enhance the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), presumably due to an effect on allosteric sites of GABA-A receptors. Such activity is accompanied by inhibition of excessive neuronal excitability, which causes a decrease in behavioral activity and an increase in the latency of anxiety reactions. These effects are systemic in nature and are realized with oral and parenteral administration.

The antioxidant activity of the plant has been confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Concentrated extracts of Hemerocallis fulva demonstrate the ability to effectively suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. This effect is accompanied by stabilization of membrane structures, preservation of mitochondrial enzyme activity, and a decrease in lipid peroxidation. Such properties are mediated mainly by phenolic acids and flavonoid components of the plant, acting at the cellular and subcellular level.

The anti-inflammatory activity is explained by the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins (through inhibition of COX-2) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β). In a number of studies, a decrease in NF-κB expression in tissues was observed after the use of Hemerocallis fulva extracts. This action has both systemic and local character, depending on the form of administration of the preparation (oral or topical).

The immunomodulatory effect is realized through the regulation of the activity of macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and natural killers. In vitro data confirm the enhancement of phagocytic activity and an increase in the production of anti-inflammatory interleukins (for example, IL-10). This effect may be important in restoring immune balance in functional disorders.

The hepatotropic activity of orange daylily extracts is associated with an improvement in the antioxidant protection of hepatocytes, stabilization of cell membranes, and modulation of the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. These properties contribute to a decrease in the severity of cellular damage and normalization of biochemical parameters of functional liver activity. The action is realized mainly at the systemic level.

Pharmacological studies also indicate a weakly pronounced spasmolytic activity of the extracts, probably due to antagonism with respect to calcium ion channels. This is manifested by relaxation of smooth muscles with local or systemic exposure. Similar data confirm the participation of the extract in the regulation of autonomic reactions, including vascular tone.

At the skin level, Hemerocallis fulva demonstrates a pronounced soothing and regenerating effect. Flavonoids and chlorogenic acid derivatives reduce inflammatory skin reactions, improve microcirculation, and contribute to the restoration of the epidermal barrier. These effects are mediated by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cascades and activation of angiogenesis in superficial capillaries.

Thus, Hemerocallis fulva is a polyfunctional pharmacodynamically active agent acting through neurotransmitter, enzymatic, immune, and microvascular mechanisms. The main effects are realized at the level of the central nervous system, skin, liver, vascular and immune links, providing a systemic and local vector of action depending on the method of application.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://link.springer.com/arti...

Pharmacokinetics — Hemerocallis fulva

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of Hemerocallis fulva have not been the subject of extensive clinical studies; however, given the composition of its active components (flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, amino acid derivatives), as well as data on related species and common dosage forms, typical pharmacokinetic properties can be identified for the most commonly used routes of administration: oral, transdermal, and transmucosal.

With oral administration of powders, aqueous and alcohol extracts, the active substances are absorbed mainly in the proximal part of the small intestine. The bioavailability of flavonoids and polyphenols depends on their degree of aglyconicity, polarity, and ability to pass through the epithelial barrier. It has been established that some compounds require the participation of intestinal microflora for deglycosylation and subsequent absorption, while the intestinal microbiota can enhance or weaken the availability of individual components. Alkaloid-like derivatives and amino acid compounds quickly enter the systemic bloodstream, partially undergoing primary metabolism in the liver.

Transdermal application (in the form of ointments, creams, oil infusions, serums, and lotions) is accompanied by slow absorption. Since the main components of Hemerocallis fulva have a moderately lipophilic structure, they are able to penetrate the stratum corneum of the epidermis, especially in the presence of carrier oils or mild emulsifiers. Penetrating compounds are distributed locally in the dermis and subcutaneous layers, exerting effects mainly at the level of the skin and local nerve endings. Systemic action is possible with prolonged or extensive application, but its severity is lower compared to the oral route.

Nasal and transmucosal forms (theoretically applicable, although not confirmed for this plant) provide rapid absorption into the systemic bloodstream, bypassing hepatic metabolism. With such delivery, bioavailability may be higher, but exact data are absent.

In the body, the active substances of the plant undergo phase I and II biotransformation, including oxidation (cytochrome P450), glucuronidation, and sulfation in the liver. It has been established that flavonoid components after conjugation pass into water-soluble forms and are distributed throughout tissues, including the central nervous system, liver, skin, and kidneys. A small amount of components can bind to albumin and other plasma proteins, which prolongs their circulation in the body.

Excretion of metabolites is carried out mainly through the kidneys with urine, to a lesser extent — with bile through the intestine. Some proportion of volatile or low-molecular metabolites can be excreted through the lungs and skin. The elimination period depends on the route of administration and dose, but in most cases, the absence of cumulation with course use is assumed.

In general, the pharmacokinetic profile of Hemerocallis fulva can be characterized as typical for plant polyphenols and flavonoids, with moderate absorption, active hepatic metabolism, and predominantly renal excretion, without a tendency to long-term accumulation in tissues.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0367326X20302417
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30744249
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104616
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11418-021-01499-2

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Hemerocallis fulva

The pharmacological activity of Hemerocallis fulva is due to the action of flavonoids (including rutin and quercetin), phenolic acids (mainly chlorogenic and ferulic), saponins, as well as alkaloid-like amino acid derivatives. These compounds participate in the regulation of neurotransmitter, cytokine, antioxidant, and neuroendocrine homeostasis. The mechanisms of action affect the receptor, enzyme, and signaling-cascade levels of bioregulation, including modulation of the activity of the central and autonomic nervous system, immune system, skin, and vessels.

One of the key mechanisms is the effect on the GABAergic system, which has been confirmed by in vivo data: Hemerocallis fulva extracts increase the activity of GABA-A receptors, contributing to the inhibition of excitatory impulses in neurons. This is accompanied by a sedative and anxiolytic effect due to the potentiation of the action of endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid. An effect on ionotropic glutamate receptors, including NMDA, is also possible, which expands the spectrum of regulation of the excitatory-inhibitory balance in the central nervous system.

Antioxidant activity is realized through the direct inactivation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the restoration of oxidized forms of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Additionally, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and stabilization of mitochondrial membranes are noted. This prevents the cascade of oxidative stress and reduces damage to the cells of the brain, liver, skin, and vessels.

The anti-inflammatory action of Hemerocallis fulva is associated with the suppression of the expression of pro-inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (5-LOX), as well as with the blocking of the transcription factor NF-κB, which participates in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 is suppressed, which confirms the systemic modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Decreased expression of iNOS and a reduction in nitric oxide production in tissues additionally indicate participation in the regulation of vascular reactivity and microcirculation.

The immunomodulatory effect is manifested through the activation of macrophages and an increase in phagocytic activity, as well as the regulation of the Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio. Flavonoid components are able to enhance the synthesis of interleukin IL-10 and suppress IL-4, IL-13, providing an anti-inflammatory reorientation of the immune response. These effects are realized through JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling cascades, which is confirmed by cell cultures.

The trophotropic effect on the skin and vessels is associated with the effect on endothelial cells and fibroblasts, mediated through VEGF-dependent pathways and local regulation of calcium metabolism. Flavonoids and phenolic acids activate the expression of antioxidant and angioprotective proteins, contributing to tissue regeneration and normalization of vascular tone. Regulation of TRPV1 receptors may explain the antipruritic activity and a decrease in the sensitivity of skin receptors in stress hyperalgesia.

The complex effects of Hemerocallis fulva are realized both at the systemic and local levels, covering nervous, immune, endocrine, skin, and vascular regulation. The main targets are central nervous system receptors (GABA-A, NMDA), inflammation enzymes (COX-2, iNOS), mediators (cytokines, ROS), as well as signaling cascades (NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT), which determines the universality and polyfunctionality of the action.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9104616
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30744249
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0367326X20302417
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11418-021-01499-2

Synergy — Hemerocallis fulva

The pharmacological synergy of Hemerocallis fulva with other natural components is described in several directions, including the enhancement of sedative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory action. At the molecular level, the interaction of Hemerocallis fulva components with substances of a similar pharmacodynamic orientation leads to an additive and potentiating effect that enhances the overall biological impact on key physiological systems.

Sedative-modulating synergy has been identified in combination of Hemerocallis fulva extracts with natural sources of flavonoids, such as Passiflora incarnata and Valeriana officinalis. Experimental models show that the combined use of aqueous and alcohol extracts of these plants leads to potentiation of the inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. This is due to interaction at the level of GABA-A receptors and allosteric benzodiazepine sites, which is accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in behavioral activity without increasing side effects. The nature of the interaction is potentiating, with a systemic vector of action.

Antioxidant synergy has been described in combination with plants containing polyphenols and terpenoids, including Camellia sinensis and Rosmarinus officinalis. Combined inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species demonstrates an additive character, which is due to action on different links of antioxidant protection — direct binding of radicals (flavonoids) and activation of enzymes of the superoxide dismutase system (phenolic acids). The influence extends both to the systemic level and to local targets, including the liver, vessels, and skin.

Anti-inflammatory synergy is observed in combination of Hemerocallis fulva with plants inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades, such as Glycyrrhiza glabra and Curcuma longa. With combined use in vitro, a more pronounced decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and enzymes (COX-2, iNOS) in macrophages and epithelial cells is noted. The mechanism of interaction includes a cumulative effect on transcription factors and mediator cascades, providing a tissue-specific anti-inflammatory effect.

The immunomodulatory activity of Hemerocallis fulva is enhanced in combination with adaptogens and bioregulators, such as Eleutherococcus senticosus and Withania somnifera. In a model of immune suppression in animals, the combined use of these plants restores macrophage activity, normalizes the number of CD4+ lymphocytes, and increases phagocytic activity. The nature of the interaction is modulating, with a systemic direction of action and an effect on the cytokine link.

Additionally, in dermatological preparations, the synergy between Hemerocallis fulva extract and oils of Calendula officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia is realized through a protective and restorative effect on the epidermal barrier. Such a combination demonstrates a complex effect: local anti-inflammatory, capillary-stabilizing, and regenerating. The mechanism is due to the simultaneous modulation of TRPV1 receptors, inhibition of inflammation, and improvement of microcirculation.

Thus, synergistic combinations of Hemerocallis fulva with various plant agents have been confirmed for four main directions: sedative-normothymic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. The mechanisms of interaction cover receptor, enzyme, and cellular levels and ensure an enhancement of therapeutic value without a proportional increase in toxic load.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://link.springer.com/arti...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Hemerocallis fulva

Hemerocallis fulva, or orange daylily, is an ancient cultivated and medicinal plant in the countries of East Asia. It is traditionally used in China, Japan, Korea, as well as in Vietnam and Thailand. In China, it has been cultivated and collected in the wild for more than two thousand years, which is confirmed by archaeoethnobotanical finds and mentions in written sources of the Han Dynasty period. In ancient Chinese medicine, the plant was considered one of the symbols of female well-being and was used both in everyday medicine and in purification rites.

In Chinese folk practice, daylily is known under the name "金针菜" (jīnzhēncài — "golden needle") and was used mainly in the form of dried flowers. They were steamed, boiled, or infused in water. Decoctions were used to maintain mental calm, recover after childbirth, and relieve excessive heat. Fresh flowers were also used in the form of juices and compresses, and were sometimes added to food as a means to "strengthen the spirit."

In traditional Korean medicine, daylily is known under the name "원추리" (wonchuri) and is used in the form of an aqueous infusion of flowers to maintain balance between "inner fire" and "clarity of mind." According to the records of medieval Korean medical manuscripts, the plant was considered cooling and cleansing. It was used in combination with other herbs to maintain restraint and mental clarity in older men.

In Japan, the plant is called "nikkōkisuge" and is mentioned in traditional poetic chronicles and seasonal rituals as a symbol of short-lived beauty. In village practices, daylily flowers were collected at dawn and used in the form of water compresses for washing the faces of elderly women at the beginning of summer, as a ritual of renewal. In ancient Japanese herbals, it was classified as a plant with a "calming character" and was used topically in the form of lotions.

In northern Vietnam and in the mountain communities of Laos, daylily is part of local phyto-wraps and steam baths used by women after childbirth. Flowers are collected by hand on certain days of the lunar calendar. Also in these regions, daylily is included in traditional smoking mixtures intended for coming-of-age ceremonies and purification rites among tribal elders.

In Thailand, orange daylily is known under the name "ดอกว่านหอมแดง" and is mentioned in some northern Lanna traditions as part of remedies for balancing the "inner wind" in the body. In Thai herbal baths, the flowers and leaves of the plant are sometimes used together with the bitter herb "plai" to improve the circulation of vital energy. Daylily is also found in massage compositions, where its crushed flowers are mixed with warm rice and rubbed into the skin in the solar plexus area.

In the folklore traditions of East Asia, daylily was often considered a talisman. In China, it was planted at the doors of women's houses to "ward off sorrow," in Korea — as a symbol of motherhood, and in Japanese rituals, it symbolized the summer transition and the temporality of the life path. There are mentions of the use of the plant in divination and purification ceremonies in Buddhist monasteries, where flowers were placed in a bowl of water and left overnight in the cells of monks practicing silence.

Thus, Hemerocallis fulva is an important element of East Asian ethnomedical culture with deep historical roots, covering not only medical but also ritual, symbolic, and cultural use.