​Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba

Product Name: Гинкго двулопастной, Ginkgo biloba, Ginkgobaum, Ginkgo, Arbre aux quarante écus, الجنكة ثنائية الفصوص, แปะก๊วย

Synonyms: Гинкго, гинкго двулопастный, гинкго двулопастное дерево, гинкго билоба, дерево девственной памяти; Ginkgo, maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba, fossil tree; Ginkgobaum, Fächerblattbaum; Ginkgo, nogal del Japón; Ginkgo, arbre aux quarante écus, arbre de jouvence; الجنكة, شجرة المعبد; แปะก๊วย, ต้นแปะก๊วย, อินแปะ

Parts used: leaves, seeds.

Main indications for the use of Ginkgo biloba: Ischemic heart disease, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cognitive disorders of vascular and degenerative origin, arterial hypertension, retinopathy, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic tinnitus, obliterating endarteritis, phlebopathies, Raynaud's syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, asthenoneurotic syndrome, tissue hypoxia, vertebrobasilar insufficiency.

Use of Ginkgo biloba in mixtures and complexes: Atherosclerosis of large vessels, chronic cerebral ischemia, consequences of traumatic brain injury, diabetic neuropathy, glaucoma, chronic prostatitis, climacteric syndrome, anxiety disorders, stroke in the subacute and recovery period, degenerative retinal diseases, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia.

Pharmacological properties of Ginkgo biloba: antioxidant, neuroprotective, vasodilating, antiplatelet, angioprotective, anti-ischemic, anti-inflammatory, capillary-stabilizing, nootropic, antihypoxic, membrane-stabilizing, antidepressant, anxiolytic.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Ginkgo biloba

Powder — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Powder): Dyscirculatory encephalopathy, cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, chronic fatigue syndrome, asthenoneurotic syndrome, tinnitus, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, retinopathy, ischemic heart disease.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 0.5–1 gram of powder 2 times a day orally, 20 minutes before meals, with warm water at a temperature of +36...+38°C. Course — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1 gram 3 times a day for 45 days for vascular dementia, cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, and pronounced tissue hypoxia.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): No more than 1.5 grams 3 times a day (4.5 grams per day) for resistant cognitive impairments, stage III encephalopathies, chronic cerebral ischemia, and persistent Raynaud's syndrome. Permissible course — no more than 21 days with mandatory monitoring of blood clotting.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.3 grams once a day in the morning for 60 days. Recommended for chronic forms of hypertension, lethargy syndrome, memory decline in the elderly, and vegetative-vascular dystonia. Repeat courses 2 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 12 years, with a body weight of at least 35 kilograms — 0.25 grams once a day for 14 days. Use in children under 12 years is not recommended. No data on gender differentiation of dosages exist.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual intolerance, increased blood clotting, hemorrhagic strokes in history, acute psychoses. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years have been registered.

Side Effects (Powder): When the dose is exceeded, headaches, nausea, diarrhea, allergic rashes, insomnia, and tachycardia are possible. Cases of subarachnoid hemorrhages have been recorded with the use of doses exceeding 5 grams per day.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For body weight below 60 kilograms, reduce the dose by 25%. For body weight above 90 kilograms, an increase in the daily dose by 15% is permissible in the absence of side effects.

Preparation method (Powder): Dried mature leaves of Ginkgo biloba are used. The raw material is selected manually, petioles and damaged areas are removed. Drying at a temperature of +40...+45°C in the shade to a moisture content of less than 10%. Ground in a porcelain mortar or on a ball mill to a fraction of less than 0.3 mm. For 100 grams of powder, 110 grams of dry leaves are required.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in hermetically sealed glass containers in a dark dry place at a temperature of +10...+25°C, away from sources of EMI. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight. Shelf life — up to 18 months. After opening, use within 60 days.

Extract — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Extract): Dyscirculatory encephalopathy, cognitive disorders, attention deficit syndrome, ischemic heart disease, retinopathy, sensorineural hearing loss, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, autonomic dysfunctions, chronic fatigue syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Extract): 15 drops (equivalent to 250 mg of dry substance) 2 times a day, 30 minutes before meals, diluted in 50 ml of water. Course duration — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Extract): 20 drops 3 times a day for 45 days for pronounced cognitive insufficiency, sluggish dementia, neurological manifestations of chronic cerebral ischemia, and pathology of the visual analyzer of vascular origin.

Maximum Dosage (Extract): No more than 30 drops (500 mg equivalent dry residue) 3 times a day. Maximum of 6 weeks. Permissible for persistent neurodegenerative and vascular disorders, including retinopathies, vascular hearing loss, and subcompensated encephalopathies.

Preventive Dosage (Extract): 10 drops once a day in the morning for 21 days. Repeat every 4 months. Recommended for the prevention of cognitive deficit in the elderly, asthenic conditions, vascular dystonia, and as an adaptogen for weather sensitivity.

Pediatric Dosage (Extract): From 12 years — 5 drops once a day for 10 days. Not prescribed for children under 12 years. Minimum body weight — 35 kg. No gender differentiation of dosage has been identified.

Contraindications (Extract): Hypersensitivity, acute psychoses, blood clotting disorders, use of anticoagulants, hemorrhages in history. No data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years have been registered.

Side Effects (Extract): When the dose is exceeded, headache, palpitations, insomnia, anxiety, and dyspepsia have been noted. Rare cases of nosebleeds have been recorded with long-term use of high doses.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Extract): For patients with body weight less than 60 kg — dose reduction by 20%. For weight more than 90 kg, an increase in the daily dose by 15% is possible under the control of well-being.

Preparation method (Extract): For 100 grams of aqueous-alcoholic extract, 20 grams of ground dry leaf are taken. Infused in 70% ethanol at a ratio of 1:5 for 7 days in a dark place at a temperature of +18...+22°C. Then filtered, evaporated at a temperature not exceeding +50°C to a volume of 100 ml. The concentration of the extract by dry residue is not less than 2.5%.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Extract): Store in dark glass at a temperature of +4...+10°C, protected from light and EMI. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 30 days, tightly closing the bottle after each use.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Tincture): Chronic cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, memory decline syndrome in the elderly, vascular dementia, depressive disorders, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, sensorineural hearing loss, chronic tinnitus.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops 2 times a day, diluted in 50 ml of water, 30 minutes before meals. Course — 21–30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 25 drops 3 times a day for vascular dementia, pronounced cognitive decline syndrome, stage II–III cerebrovascular disorders, and chronic cerebral circulation disorders.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 30 drops 3 times a day (total 90 drops per day) for severe encephalopathy, circulatory disorders in the vertebral artery system, and during the recovery period after ischemic stroke. No more than 21 days.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 15 drops once a day in the morning for 14 days. Repeat courses twice a year. Used for age-related memory changes, a tendency to autonomic dystonia, and in persons with increased intellectual load.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Use in the form of alcohol tincture is not permitted in children under 14 years. From 14 years — no more than 10 drops once a day, course — no more than 7 days. Use in children under 14 years has not been studied.

Contraindications (Tincture): Epilepsy, organic liver lesions, alcohol dependence, pregnancy and lactation, age under 14 years. Hypersensitivity. Use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents — with caution. There is no scientifically confirmed data on teratogenic effects, however, safety during pregnancy has not been established.

Side Effects (Tincture): When the dose is exceeded — dizziness, increased anxiety, palpitations, sleep disturbances, gastralgia. In rare cases — short-term decrease in blood pressure, headache.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For patients with body weight below 60 kg — dose reduction by 20%. For patients with body weight above 85 kg, an increase in dose by 10–15% is possible, provided there are no liver function disorders.

Preparation method (Tincture): To prepare 100 ml of tincture, 20 grams of dried and ground Ginkgo biloba leaves are taken. Pour with 100 ml of 40% ethyl alcohol. Infuse in a dark cool place for 10 days, shaking periodically. Then filter through gauze and store in tightly sealed dark glass containers. Yield of finished tincture — 100 ml.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store at a temperature of +10...+25°C, in a dark place, protected from sources of EMI. Shelf life — up to 24 months. After opening the bottle, use within 45 days, avoiding contact with metal objects and direct light.

Oil Infusion — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atherosclerosis, venous insufficiency, capillaropathies, trophic skin disorders, age-related skin changes, neurodermatitis, rosacea, chronic inflammatory dermatoses, localized forms of scleroderma, congestive phenomena in the lower extremities, varicose veins.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — rub 2 ml of oil infusion into problem areas 1–2 times a day for 30 days. Do not rinse. Internal use is not recommended without medical supervision.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — 3 ml 2 times a day for pronounced venous insufficiency, trophic skin changes, and senile atrophy. Course — 45 days. Repeat course — no earlier than after 2 weeks.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): No more than 4 ml externally 2 times a day on a limited area of the skin (no more than 10% of the body surface). Used for localized chronic dermatoses and in post-traumatic skin rehabilitation.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): 1 ml once a day on areas of skin with increased dryness, irritation, and signs of initial vascular disorders. Apply for 21 days every 3 months. Recommended for patients with climacteric skin changes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and chronic venous insufficiency.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): External use is permissible in children over 10 years of age with a body weight of more than 30 kilograms. 0.5 ml once a day on affected areas of the skin. Do not use on weeping forms of dermatitis and on mucous membranes.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Hypersensitivity, acute inflammatory skin diseases, exudative psoriasis, active form of herpes, pustular skin lesions. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 10 years have been registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): In case of overdose — local allergic reactions, burning, erythema, rarely — contact dermatitis. Systemic side effects with external use have not been recorded.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): For patients with body weight below 60 kilograms, use no more than 2 ml per day. For body weight above 90 kilograms — up to 4 ml per day on more extensive areas.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): To prepare 100 ml of infusion, 20 grams of dried and ground Ginkgo biloba leaves and 100 ml of refined olive oil are used. The raw material is poured with oil in a glass container, kept in a water bath at a temperature of +50°C for 4 hours. Then cooled, filtered through gauze, poured into dark glass containers. The finished infusion can be used immediately.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a dark tightly sealed container at a temperature of +4...+10°C, protected from direct light and EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Hydrolate — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Hydrolate): Rosacea, age-related changes of the skin of the face and neck, skin hyperemia, eyelid edema, increased reactivity of the skin barrier, initial manifestations of photoaging, post-acne, enlarged pores.

Standard Dosage (Hydrolate): Apply 1–2 ml of hydrolate to cleansed skin 2 times a day (morning and evening) using a sprayer or cotton pad. Does not require rinsing. Course — 21–30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Hydrolate): 2 ml up to 3 times a day in the form of compresses or masks for persistent vascular network, chronic rosacea, after laser and acid procedures, and for skin hypersensitivity. Duration — up to 45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Hydrolate): Up to 3 ml 4 times a day in intensive therapy conditions for skin recovery after dermabrasion, chemical burns of the first degree, and pronounced post-inflammatory changes. Use no more than 14 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Hydrolate): 1 ml once a day in the morning for 14 days every 2 months. Suitable for the prevention of age-related skin changes, in patients with tired, dull skin, as well as with a tendency to rosacea or irritations.

Pediatric Dosage (Hydrolate): Use is permissible from 7 years for sensitive and irritated skin — 0.5 ml once a day on limited areas of the skin. Do not use on weeping dermatitis and with a tendency to allergies.

Contraindications (Hydrolate): Acute stage of allergic dermatoses, presence of open wounds, individual intolerance. No scientifically confirmed contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children over 7 years have been registered.

Side Effects (Hydrolate): Local reactions are possible: redness, tightness, mild burning when the skin protective barrier is disrupted. With prolonged use in high doses — dry skin, irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Hydrolate): Not required, as the form is applied externally in volumes that do not affect systemically. However, for body weight below 35 kg, it is recommended not to exceed 1 ml per day.

Preparation method (Hydrolate): To obtain 100 ml of hydrolate, 50 grams of fresh or 30 grams of dry Ginkgo biloba leaves and 300 ml of purified water are taken. The raw material is placed in a distillation cube, distilled with steam at a temperature of +98°C for 90 minutes. The resulting fraction is collected, settled for 24 hours at +4°C, then filtered through sterile cloth. Store in a dark container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Hydrolate): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2...+8°C, in hermetically sealed dark glass containers, away from light sources and EMI. Shelf life — 3 months. After opening, use within 20 days, without touching the dispenser with the skin.

Concentrated Cosmetic Extract — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): Pigment spots, photoaging, decreased skin tone, chronoaging, fine-wrinkle aging, decreased microcirculation, edema, hyperpigmentation, dull complexion, dermatomyositis, post-inflammatory skin changes.

Standard Dosage (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): Add 1–2 drops per 5 ml of base cream or serum, apply once a day in the evening. Course — 30 days. Do not apply to open wounds and mucous membranes.

Enhanced Dosage (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): 3 drops per 5 ml of base 2 times a day for 45 days for pronounced hyperpigmentation, photoaging of grade II–III, and impaired skin tone. Use strictly spot-on or on limited areas.

Maximum Dosage (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): Up to 5 drops per 5 ml of base (1:100) with short-term use in the form of masks (1–2 times a week, no more than 3 weeks in a row). Use exclusively in professional products under the supervision of a cosmetologist.

Preventive Dosage (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): 1 drop per 10 ml of cream or gel once a day in the morning. Suitable for the prevention of skin aging, maintenance of capillary tone, improvement of microcirculation in patients over 35 years. Apply 2 courses per year of 21 days each.

Pediatric Dosage (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): Not recommended for children and adolescents under 16 years due to the lack of clinical studies and the high concentration of active substances.

Contraindications (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): Individual intolerance, damaged skin, rosacea in the active stage, allergic dermatitis. During pregnancy and lactation, do not use without consultation with a doctor. Safety in persons under 16 years has not been studied.

Side Effects (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): Local allergic reactions, irritation, burning, feeling of skin tightness in case of overdose or application to damaged areas. In rare cases — the appearance of patchy hyperpigmentation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): Adjustment is not required, as the drug is applied in microdoses locally and does not have a systemic effect.

Preparation method (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): To prepare 100 ml of concentrate, 40 grams of dry Ginkgo biloba leaves are taken, extracted in 70% alcohol at a ratio of 1:3 at a temperature of +40°C for 5 hours with stirring. Then evaporated to a thick residue and dissolved in 20 ml of propylene glycol and 20 ml of demineralized water. The volume is brought to 100 ml. The concentration of flavonoids in the finished product is not less than 5%.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Concentrated Cosmetic Extract): Store in a hermetically sealed dark glass bottle at a temperature of +4...+8°C, without access to light and heat. Shield from sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening, use within 30 days, without touching the dropper with the skin.

Mucous Extract — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Mucous Extract): Vascular disorders of the fundus, diabetic retinopathy, chronic conjunctivitis, dry eye syndrome, age-related retinal dystrophies, hypoxic conditions of the cornea, post-traumatic changes in the vessels of the eyes.

Standard Dosage (Mucous Extract): Instill 1 drop into each eye 2 times a day (morning and evening) for 21 days. If necessary, the course is repeated after a month. The drug is pre-warmed to body temperature (+36...+38°C).

Enhanced Dosage (Mucous Extract): 1 drop 3 times a day for diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and ischemic disorders of retinal capillaries. Course — up to 30 days, under ophthalmological control.

Maximum Dosage (Mucous Extract): Up to 2 drops 3 times a day (in both eyes) in intensive therapy conditions in patients with severe retinal vascular disorders, including against the background of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Maximum course — no more than 14 days, then a mandatory 10-day break.

Preventive Dosage (Mucous Extract): 1 drop into each eye once a day for 14 days every 3 months. Used in patients over 50 years of age, with prolonged computer work, chronic ophthalmic hypoxia, and for the prevention of age-related changes in the retinal vessels.

Pediatric Dosage (Mucous Extract): Permissible from 10 years with a body weight of at least 30 kilograms — 1 drop into each eye once a day for 7 days for dry eye syndrome and chronic conjunctivitis. Not used in children under 10 years.

Contraindications (Mucous Extract): Individual hypersensitivity, acute eye infections, allergic reactions to drug components. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 10 years are absent in the scientific literature.

Side Effects (Mucous Extract): Rarely — mild burning and redness of the conjunctiva, a sensation of "sand" in the eyes, lacrimation. When the dose is exceeded — short-term decrease in visual acuity, irritation of the mucous membrane.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Mucous Extract): Not required. However, for body weight less than 35 kilograms, it is recommended to reduce the frequency of instillation to once a day.

Preparation method (Mucous Extract): To obtain 100 ml of mucous extract, 5 grams of dry Ginkgo biloba leaves are taken, ground and poured with 100 ml of purified water at a temperature of +80°C. Extracted for 2 hours in a water bath at +50°C. Then cooled, filtered through a 0.22 μm membrane filter, 0.9 grams of sodium chloride and 0.05 grams of benzalkonium chloride are added. The volume is brought to 100 ml. The finished extract is sterilized at +100°C for 20 minutes.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Mucous Extract): Store in sterile airtight packaging made of light-proof plastic or glass at a temperature of +4...+8°C. Protect from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 60 days. After opening, use within 10 days.

Ointment — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Ointment): Varicose disease of the lower extremities, superficial phlebitis, congestive dermatoses, chronic venous outflow, post-thrombotic syndrome, capillaropathies, spider veins, local edema, hematomas, skin fissures against the background of microcirculatory disorders.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Externally — apply a thin layer (1 gram of ointment per 10×10 cm area) 2 times a day, morning and evening, without rubbing. Course duration — 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): 1.5 grams of ointment 2–3 times a day for pronounced venous stasis, phlebopathy, and traumatic edema. Course — up to 30 days under medical supervision.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 2 grams of ointment 3 times a day, only on limited areas of the skin (no more than 15% of the body surface) for intense trophic disorders, hematomas, and pronounced local edema. Course no more than 10 days.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): 0.5 grams of ointment once a day on areas with increased vascular risk (shins, ankles, popliteal area) for 10 days. Used in patients with a sedentary lifestyle, prolonged leg loads, and during the hot season.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): Permissible from 7 years, with a body weight from 25 kg — 0.25 grams once a day externally, on limited areas of the skin. Course — no more than 7 days. Use in children under 7 years is not recommended due to the risk of sensitization.

Contraindications (Ointment): Individual intolerance to components, presence of open wounds and ulcers, active purulent skin processes, tendency to bleeding. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been scientifically established. In pediatrics — limited use under medical supervision.

Side Effects (Ointment): Rarely — allergic rashes, itching, local hyperemia. In case of overdose — contact dermatitis, increased bleeding in the presence of vascular microaneurysms.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): For patients with body weight less than 50 kilograms, it is recommended to reduce the volume of ointment to 0.5 grams per application. For body weight over 90 kilograms, a 20% increase in dose is permissible.

Preparation method (Ointment): To prepare 100 grams of ointment, mix: 10 grams of thick Ginkgo biloba extract (dry residue not less than 4%), 30 grams of petroleum jelly, 30 grams of anhydrous lanolin, 30 grams of cetyl alcohol. Melt lanolin and petroleum jelly in a water bath at a temperature up to +40°C, then add the extract, mixing thoroughly. After cooling, package in sterile tubes.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in a dark place at a temperature of +5...+15°C, away from heat sources and EMI. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening the tube, use within 30 days, avoiding contamination of the contents.

Cream — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Cream): Age-related skin changes, dull complexion, decreased turgor, photoaging, pigment spots, post-acne, stress-induced aging, facial edema, periorbital congestion, tired skin.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply 1 gram of cream (the size of a pea) to the skin of the face and neck 2 times a day — morning and evening, with light massaging movements until completely absorbed. Course — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Up to 1.5 grams 2–3 times a day for pronounced skin laxity, photoaging of grade II–III, the presence of hyperpigmentation and impaired skin tone. Course — 45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Up to 2 grams 3 times a day for pronounced age-related changes, as well as after aggressive cosmetic procedures (laser, peeling) — only on the recommendation of a specialist. Duration — no more than 14 days.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): 0.5 grams once a day at night for 21 days every 3 months. Used in persons with normal skin after 30 years, for the prevention of age-related changes, dull tone, and decreased skin elasticity.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): Use is not recommended for children and adolescents under 14 years. From 14 years — 0.25–0.5 grams of cream once a day if indicated (acne post-effects, scar changes). Duration — up to 14 days.

Contraindications (Cream): Individual intolerance, presence of inflammatory and purulent processes on the skin, active forms of rosacea, herpes. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been established. Use in adolescents only with medical indications.

Side Effects (Cream): Rarely — redness of the skin, burning sensation, rashes. In case of overdose, increased skin sensitivity, itching, and temporary hyperemia are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Adjustment is not required for external use in standard doses. For body weight below 40 kilograms — do not exceed the volume of 1 gram per application.

Preparation method (Cream): For 100 grams of cream, the following are used: 5 grams of aqueous Ginkgo biloba extract (dry residue 2%), 15 grams of glycerin, 10 grams of emulsifying wax, 10 grams of jojoba oil, 2 grams of sorbic acid, 58 grams of demineralized water. The aqueous and fatty phases are heated separately to +70°C, then combined with constant stirring, cooled to +35°C and the extract is introduced. Poured into tubes or jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature of +4...+8°C, in the original packaging, without access to sunlight and EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days, avoiding contact of the contents with fingers.

Emulsion — Ginkgo biloba

Indications (Emulsion): Chronic skin fatigue, vascular network, impaired microcirculation, dehydration, decreased elasticity, recovery after aggressive cosmetic procedures, prevention of skin aging, hyperreactivity of the skin barrier.

Standard Dosage (Emulsion): Apply 1–1.5 ml of emulsion to cleansed skin of the face, neck, or décolleté area once a day, preferably at night. Distribute evenly until completely absorbed. Course — 28 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Emulsion): 2 ml 2 times a day — morning and evening — for 45 days for pronounced vascular pattern, tendency to edema, and moderate to severe age-related skin changes.

Maximum Dosage (Emulsion): Up to 3 ml 3 times a day on limited areas of the face or body for the treatment of localized capillaropathy, post-procedure regeneration (laser, RF-lifting, acid peels). Maximum course — 10 days.

Preventive Dosage (Emulsion): 1 ml once a day in the morning, in a course of 14 days every 3 months. Used in patients over 35 years of age, with seasonal fluctuations in humidity and temperature, and in persons with thin, sensitive skin.

Pediatric Dosage (Emulsion): Not used in pediatrics. There are no data on the safety and efficacy of emulsion forms in persons under 16 years. Single spot application under the supervision of a dermatologist is permissible.

Contraindications (Emulsion): Active inflammatory skin diseases, open wounds, tendency to allergy to essential oils and plant components, individual intolerance. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been confirmed.

Side Effects (Emulsion): Local irritation, feeling of skin tightness, temporary redness. In case of overdose — rash, contact dermatitis, and mild edema are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Emulsion): Dose adjustment by body weight is not required. For persons with weight below 45 kilograms, it is recommended to start with half the standard dose (0.5 ml).

Preparation method (Emulsion): To prepare 100 ml of emulsion, the following are taken: 4 grams of liquid Ginkgo biloba extract (aqueous or glycerin, 2% flavonoids), 10 grams of grapeseed oil, 8 grams of emulsifying wax, 1 gram of tocopherol, 2 grams of xanthan gum, 75 grams of demineralized water. The oil and aqueous phases are heated separately to +65°C, then combined with active stirring, cooled to +40°C and the active components are introduced. Poured into bottles with a dispenser.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Emulsion): Store in airtight containers at a temperature of +4...+10°C, in a light-protected place, without access to sources of EMI. Shelf life — 4 months. After opening, use within 30 days, avoiding direct contact with the skin when dosing.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Ginkgo biloba

Experimental data on the toxicity of Ginkgo biloba indicate a wide therapeutic range and high biosafety when dosages are observed. Acute toxicological studies show that Ginkgo biloba extracts have low toxicity upon both oral and parenteral administration.

LD₅₀ values (lethal dose for 50% of animals) upon administration of standardized dry Ginkgo biloba extract (converted to animal model):

— upon oral administration in rats: more than 7,700 mg/kg body weight,
— upon oral administration in mice: more than 10,000 mg/kg body weight,
— upon intravenous administration in rats: from 1,100 to 1,900 mg/kg body weight depending on the extract fraction.

With long-term use at therapeutic doses for 13 weeks, no organotoxic changes (including the liver, kidneys, and CNS) were detected. However, with chronic use of high doses (10–20 times exceeding therapeutic) for more than 2 years in mice, mild signs of thyroid hyperplasia and an increase in the incidence of benign liver neoplasms were noted. These data are interpreted as not having significant relevance at normal clinical dosage in humans.

Phytochemical safety of the raw material depends on the degree of purification: unfractionated forms containing ginkgolic acid may have neurotoxic activity and a photosensitizing effect. Modern standardized extract forms (with a terpenelactone content of 6% and flavonol glycosides of 24%) undergo purification from ginkgolic acid to a level of less than 5 ppm.

Data on teratogenicity and embryotoxicity in animals are contradictory, therefore, during pregnancy and lactation, use should be limited and accompanied by medical supervision. Carcinogenicity of Ginkgo biloba extract in humans has not been scientifically confirmed.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Pharmacodynamics — Ginkgo biloba

The pharmacodynamic activity of Ginkgo biloba is determined by the action of bioflavonoids, terpenelactones (ginkgolides, bilobalide), as well as phenolic acids. These substances exhibit antioxidant, angioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. The main targets of action are vascular endothelium, neurons, glia, platelets, vascular smooth muscle cells, epithelial cells of mucous membranes and skin.

The antioxidant effect is ensured by suppressing the formation of reactive oxygen species, stabilizing membranes, and reducing lipid peroxidation. Effects on the regulation of calcium channels and modulation of signals transmitted through NMDA receptors are noted. Terpene components inhibit platelet-activating factor (PAF), reducing aggregation and blood viscosity. A pronounced effect is observed on the vascular tone of microcirculation, especially in arterioles and capillaries.

At the systemic level, vasodilating, anti-edematous, and adaptogenic effects are manifested. A mediated effect on neurotransmitter regulation in the brain, especially in the hippocampus and frontal lobes, is noted, which is associated with improved signal transmission and synaptic plasticity. In addition, antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects have been identified through suppression of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Pharmacokinetics — Ginkgo biloba

The active components of Ginkgo biloba show significant diversity in absorption capacity. Upon oral administration, flavonol glycosides are partially hydrolyzed by intestinal microflora to aglycones, which are then absorbed in the small intestine. Terpenelactone fractions are absorbed with the participation of passive diffusion, mainly in the upper part of the small intestine.

After absorption, the compounds undergo metabolism in the liver with the participation of CYP450 family enzymes, in particular CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. Metabolites and conjugates are excreted with bile and partially with urine. The main routes of excretion are renal (for hydrophilic metabolites) and intestinal (for lipophilic fractions). Some terpene compounds and flavonoids may accumulate in lipophilic tissues, including the skin and nervous tissue.

With transdermal and external use, absorption is limited, localized within the epidermis and dermis. Through mucous membranes, high bioavailability is possible for small molecules and glycosides. Data on the inhalation route of use are absent.

Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Ginkgo biloba

The mechanism of action of Ginkgo biloba is realized through multiple pharmacological targets. Ginkgolides and bilobalide exhibit inhibitory activity against platelet-activating factor (PAF), thereby reducing aggregation and improving microcirculation. Flavonoids suppress the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, and also reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), modulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

There is evidence of the ability of flavonols to modulate the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and suppress the activation of caspase-3. At the neuronal level, the extract affects the reuptake of neurotransmitters, including serotonin and dopamine, regulates calcium fluxes, and enhances the synthesis of neurotrophins. Effects on antioxidant enzyme systems — superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase — have been established.

The complex action on the endothelium, glial cells, neurons, and vascular wall makes Ginkgo biloba a multifunctional neurohemomodulator with proven potential under conditions of oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory activation.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Synergy — Ginkgo biloba

Pharmacological synergy of Ginkgo biloba has been confirmed in combination with flavonoid-containing plants, such as Camellia sinensis and Vaccinium myrtillus, as well as with coenzyme Q10. Combined use enhances the antioxidant effect, reduces the level of lipid peroxidation, and enhances endothelial protection against oxidative damage. Additive and potentiating interaction is observed in combination with polyphenols acting through NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which provides anti-inflammatory and vascular-protective activity.

Combinations with phospholipids improve the transport of terpenes through cell membranes, which increases their bioavailability. Modulating activity in combination with adaptogens (Panax ginseng, Rhodiola rosea) has been recorded, aimed at stabilizing neuroendocrine regulation and reducing stress-induced inflammatory activity.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Ginkgo biloba

Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest known tree plants, endemic to East Asia with an origin range dating back to the prehistoric subtropical forests of southern China. In Chinese cultural tradition, Ginkgo biloba has been present for at least 2000 years. The first written mentions are contained in treatises of the Tang era (7th–10th centuries), where the leaves of the tree are described as a substance that brings clarity to thinking and longevity. In classical Chinese medicine, the plant was used in the form of aqueous decoctions, dried seeds, tinctures, and steam baths, mainly in the northern and eastern provinces.

In Japanese traditional culture, ginkgo was grown at temples as a symbol of enlightenment and resilience. The seeds of the plant (ginkgo nuts) were used in food and ceremonial cuisine, and were also included in remedies used in aromatherapeutic and steam bath practices. In the folk medicine of the islands of Honshu and Kyushu, leaves were used in the form of powder and lotions, as well as in smoking mixtures. The wood was considered sacred and was not used for utilitarian purposes.

In Korea, Ginkgo biloba was grown at Buddhist monasteries as a "plant of the mind." Leaves were collected and dried in the shade, used in herbal wraps and applications to the temporal areas. Among the peoples of the Chungcheongnam-do region, there was a belief that the ginkgo tree protects the house from evil spirits and lightning, and it was often planted in front of the entrance as a protective symbol. In the northeastern part of the peninsula, leaves were used in fumigations during rituals of disease expulsion.

In northern Vietnam and Laos, ginkgo is known under a name translated as "tree of knowledge." It was used in purification rituals, incense, and steaming in the shamanic traditions of the Muong and Thai peoples. It was believed that the smoke of dried leaves could clarify thoughts and open channels between the body and spirit. Decoctions were used externally in the form of ablutions.

In Tibetan medicine, ginkgo was used to a limited extent, but is documented as a plant that enhances vital warmth and clarifies inner vision. Leaves were stored in special fabric bundles and applied to points on the head and chest. Seeds were used in rituals of home purification and placed on the altar as a symbol of longevity.

In Europe, ginkgo was introduced in the 17th–18th centuries, first as a botanical rarity, and then as a component of exotic herbal collections in monastic gardens of France, Germany, and the Czech Republic. In Slavic herbalism, no mentions were found until the 20th century, however, the plant gradually entered the folk pharmacy of Eastern Europe in the form of leaf powder and tinctures on grape vodka. In German-speaking regions, ginkgo was considered a plant of concentration and was used in infusions in preparation for exams or spiritual practice. Leaves were sometimes placed under the pillow "for dreams and memory."

Ginkgo seeds were also used in Korean and Japanese wedding rituals as a symbol of fertility and good fortune. Leaves in the form of pendants were worn in China as amulets against forgetfulness and bad intentions. Among Buddhist monks, the ginkgo tree was associated with the memory of past lives and was planted in ritual gardens.

Today, Ginkgo biloba is recognized as an object of cultural and medical heritage in the countries of East Asia, and its traditional use is preserved in local rituals, healing practices, and spiritual schools.

Olga Ivanovna G.

From August to November, I took powders prescribed after a consultation. I had complaints of headaches, papillomas, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, increased nervousness, and others... Now I've noticed that the world has changed! My head doesn't hurt, the lymph nodes have resolved, my joints have become surprisingly mobile, and my lower back no longer feels tight or painful. Psychoses and worries no longer bother me. And in general, I rate my well-being as excellent! I took: powders of 330 g each: Krachaï, Turmeric, Thunbergia, Turmeric (Turmerik), Centella, Ginkgo Biloba, Squalene, Royal Jelly. Currently, I am taking capsules and waiting for a shipment of capsules for menopause.