​Cinnamomum loureiroi (Saigon Cinnamon / Vietnamese cassia), BARK

Cinnamomum loureiroi (Saigon Cinnamon / Vietnamese cassia), BARK

Product Name: Вьетнамская корица, Cinnamomum loureiroi, Vietnamesischer Zimt, Canela vietnamita, Cannelle du Viêt Nam, القرفة الفيتنامية, อบเชยญวน, Vetnam dolch zirk, Vetnam doljin dolcha, Vetnam darçın, Дорчин ветнамӣ, Vietnamo cinamonas, Vjetnamas kanēlis, В’єтнамська кориця, וייטנאמית קינמון

Synonyms: вьетнамская кассия, лужейская корица, корица лурейровая, ложная корица, саигонская корица, корица аннамская, коричник Лурейро / Saigon cinnamon, Vietnamese cinnamon, Annam cinnamon, False cinnamon / Saigon-Zimt, Falscher Zimt, Annam-Zimt / Canela de Saigón, Canela de Vietnam / Cannelle de Saigon, Cannelle d'Annam / قرفة سايغون, قرفة فيتنامية / อบเชยญวน, อบเชยจากญวน, อบเชยเวียดนาม

Parts used: bark, leaves, twigs, fruits, essential oil, extracts, powders, tinctures, hydrolates, resins, flowers, seeds, shoots, buds, wood, rhizome, root, pollen, woody exudates, dry residue, charcoal bark.

Main indications for the use of Cinnamomum loureiroi: Irritable bowel syndrome, gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis with reduced acidity, intestinal colic, flatulence, mucosal candidiasis, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, bronchitis, catarrhal respiratory diseases, chronic rhinitis, acute viral infections of the upper respiratory tract, intestinal atony, decreased appetite, neurocirculatory dystonia, erectile dysfunction, primary algodismenorrhea, ovarian hypofunction, involutional changes in the climacteric period, urinary tract infections.

Use of Cinnamomum loureiroi in mixtures and complexes: Cholelithiasis, biliary dyskinesia of the hypokinetic type, anemia of chronic inflammation, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver degeneration, pyelonephritis, bacterial cystitis, insomnia, anxiety disorder, exacerbation of herpesvirus infection, chronic fatigue syndrome, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, osteoarthritis, gout, hypothyroidism, hypoglycemia, osteoporosis.

Pharmacological properties of Cinnamomum loureiroi: anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, carminative, antifungal, antibacterial, antispasmodic, vasodilating, expectorant, analgesic, adaptogenic, immunostimulating, carminative, tonic, digestive-stimulating, aromatic, estrogen-like, diuretic, antitumor, gastroprotective, anthelmintic.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Powder — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Powder): Hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, oral mucosal candidiasis, flatulence, intestinal atony, decreased appetite, neurocirculatory dystonia, chronic rhinitis.

Standard Dosage (Powder): Internal use in the form of dry powder — 0.5 grams 2 times a day, 20 minutes before meals, with warm water at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1 gram 3 times a day for pronounced hyperglycemia, oral mucosal candidiasis, lipid metabolism disorders, and irritable bowel syndrome.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): Up to 3 grams per day in acute conditions of hyperglycemia and pronounced intestinal hypofunction. The maximum duration of use is no more than 10 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.25 grams per day on an empty stomach — in courses of 21 days with a 7-day break. Recommended for metabolic syndrome, overweight, physical inactivity, prediabetes, chronic gastritis with reduced acidity. Suitable for patients over 45 years of age in the absence of ulcerative disease.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): For children from 7 years of age and weighing at least 25 kilograms — 0.1 grams once a day for flatulence and decreased appetite. Use is permissible only after consultation with a pediatrician. Not recommended for children under 7 years.

Contraindications (Powder): Gastric ulcer in the acute phase, individual intolerance to cinnamon, severe forms of hypertension, acute inflammatory liver diseases. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 7 years have been registered.

Side Effects (Powder): When the daily dosage is exceeded, burning in the stomach, heartburn, irritation of the oral mucosa, and increased peristalsis with diarrhea are possible. Rarely — allergic skin reactions.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For patients with body weight below 60 kilograms — reduction of dosage by 25 percent of the recommended dose. For patients with body weight above 90 kilograms — an increase in dosage to the maximum permissible daily dose is possible if clinical indications are present.

Preparation method (Powder): To prepare 100 grams of powder, the following is used: Saigon cinnamon bark 100 grams. The bark is pre-cleaned of external contaminants, washed with cold water, and dried at a temperature of 40–45 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. Then ground in a micromill to a flour-like state. Store in an airtight glass jar.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a dark dry place at a temperature of 10 to 25 degrees Celsius, away from sources of electromagnetic radiation and moisture. Shelf life — 12 months from the date of manufacture. After opening, use within 60 days while maintaining the integrity of the packaging.

Dry Extract — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Dry Extract): Hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, oral candidiasis, intestinal atony, primary algodismenorrhea, ovarian hypofunction, urinary tract infections, neurocirculatory dystonia, anxiety disorder.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 200 milligrams 2 times a day orally after meals, in courses of 21 days with breaks of 7–10 days. Take with warm water or add to herbal decoctions.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 400 milligrams 2–3 times a day for pronounced insulin resistance, chronic inflammation of the urinary tract, hypercholesterolemia, and decreased libido against the background of hormonal imbalance.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 1.2 grams per day for 5–7 days in case of exacerbation of candidiasis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and pronounced hyperglycemia. Used strictly under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 100 milligrams once a day on an empty stomach. Recommended for a tendency to metabolic disorders, chronic physical inactivity, and reduced physical and mental performance. Course of administration — 30 days every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): For children from 10 years of age with a body weight from 30 kilograms — 100 milligrams once a day as prescribed by a doctor. For children under 10 years — not used.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Hypersensitivity to components, pregnancy, exacerbation of ulcerative disease, severe liver diseases. No scientifically reliable data on safety during lactation are available.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): When the dosage is exceeded, headache, irritation of the gastric mucosa, increased intestinal motility, and decreased blood pressure may occur.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): For patients up to 60 kilograms — reduction of dosage by 25 percent. For body weight more than 90 kilograms — an increase in dose by 25 percent of the standard dosage is possible in the absence of side effects.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): To obtain 100 grams of dry extract: Saigon cinnamon bark 500 grams, purified water 2000 milliliters. The raw material is poured with water and heated at a temperature of 85 degrees Celsius for 3 hours. After infusion and filtration, the liquid is evaporated at a temperature of 50–55 degrees to viscosity, then spray-dried in a drying chamber to obtain a dry powdered extract.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in airtight containers made of darkened glass or vacuum bags at a temperature of 10–25 degrees Celsius, without access to light and moisture. Shelf life — up to 24 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Tincture): Hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, primary algodismenorrhea, vaginal candidiasis, flatulence, chronic rhinitis, decreased appetite, ovarian hypofunction, neurocirculatory dystonia, bronchial hyperreactivity, erectile dysfunction.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops 2 times a day orally, 15 minutes before meals, diluted in 50 milliliters of warm water. Course — 21 days, then a 10-day break.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 25 drops 3 times a day for pronounced insulin resistance, candidiasis, decreased libido, dysmenorrhea with a pronounced pain component, and gastric atony.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): Up to 30 drops 3 times a day — permissible for pronounced hyperglycemia and acute exacerbation of neurovegetative syndrome against the background of the climacteric period. The maximum permissible duration of use is 10 days.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops once a day in the morning on an empty stomach. Recommended for a tendency to hypercholesterolemia, decreased insulin sensitivity, and premenstrual syndrome. Course of administration — 30 days, repeated 3 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Not used in children under 12 years due to ethanol content. From 12 years — only as prescribed by a doctor, no more than 5 drops once a day, diluted in warm water.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcoholism, childhood under 12 years, pregnancy, epilepsy, acute forms of ulcerative disease. No scientifically reliable data on safety during lactation are available.

Side Effects (Tincture): Irritation of the gastric mucosa, sensation of heat in the epigastrium, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, dizziness when the dosage is exceeded.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For patients with body weight less than 60 kilograms — reduce the dose by 20 percent. For patients over 90 kilograms — an increase to the maximum dosage is possible.

Preparation method (Tincture): To prepare 100 milliliters of tincture: Saigon cinnamon bark 25 grams, ethyl alcohol 70% — 75 milliliters, purified water — 25 milliliters. The bark is crushed, poured with a mixture of alcohol and water, infused in a tightly closed glass container at a temperature of 18–22 degrees Celsius in a dark place for 10 days with daily shaking. Then filtered through a fabric filter.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in airtight dark glass containers at a temperature of 5 to 25 degrees Celsius. Protect from light and heat sources. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening — use within 60 days.

Oil Infusion — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Oil Infusion): Vaginal candidiasis, atrophic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, primary algodismenorrhea, erectile dysfunction, dry skin, skin itching, contact dermatitis, intercostal neuralgia, osteoarthritis, varicose veins.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — apply a thin layer 2 times a day to affected areas of the skin or mucous membrane, or use for massage of the lower back and lower abdomen. Intravaginally — 2 milliliters into the vagina with a hygienic applicator once a day at night.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): For acute candidiasis, vaginitis, and neuralgia — up to 3 applications per day for 5 days, then transition to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): No more than 10 milliliters per day for external use. Intravaginally — no more than 3 milliliters 2 times a day for a pronounced inflammatory component.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): 1–2 milliliters externally once a day for 14 days monthly for the prevention of vaginal dysbiosis, dryness, and age-related changes. Suitable for women in the climacteric period and men with manifestations of skin atrophy or localized varicose veins.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): Not recommended for children under 12 years. From 12 years with a body weight over 35 kilograms — external use of no more than 1 milliliter per day is permissible for skin itching and dryness.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual sensitivity, acute skin inflammations with weeping, open wounds, pregnancy (with intravaginal use). No data on contraindications during lactation and in children under 12 years have been registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Burning, redness, allergic reaction, increased itching in case of individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): For patients with body weight less than 60 kilograms — no more than 5 milliliters per day. More than 90 kilograms — an increase in dose to 10 milliliters per day is permissible.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): To prepare 100 milliliters of oil infusion: Saigon cinnamon bark 20 grams, cold-pressed coconut oil 100 milliliters. The bark is crushed, placed in a glass container, poured with oil, infused in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 degrees Celsius for 3 hours. Then kept in a dark place at room temperature for 7 days. Filtered, poured into a sterile dark glass bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in tightly closed dark glass containers at a temperature of 5 to 25 degrees Celsius, away from sunlight and heat sources. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppository — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Vaginal Suppository): Vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, atrophic vaginitis, primary algodismenorrhea, ovarian hypofunction, vaginal dysbiosis, inflammatory diseases of the cervix, vaginal itching of unknown etiology.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 1 suppository (2.5 grams) once a day, deep intravaginally, at night, course of 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 1 suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for acute candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, and pronounced inflammation. Course no more than 5 days, then switch to the standard dosage.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): Up to 3 suppositories per day (1 every 8 hours) is permissible for recurrent candidiasis and pronounced vaginitis, no more than 3 days in a row. Only under the supervision of a gynecologist.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 1 suppository 2 times a week at night for 1 month. Recommended for a tendency to vaginal dysbiosis, against the background of climacteric changes, long-term antibiotic therapy, for women over 45 years.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): Not used in girls before menarche. From 13 years, the use of ½ of a suppository once a day is permissible as prescribed by a doctor, with a body weight of at least 40 kilograms.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppository): Hypersensitivity to components, acute erosive lesions of the vagina, active bleeding from the genital tract. No scientifically reliable data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered; use is possible in consultation with a doctor.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppository): Burning sensation, increased secretion, contact allergic reaction, local irritation of the mucosa in case of overdose or hypersensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppository): For patients with body weight less than 50 kilograms — the use of suppositories weighing 1.5 grams is recommended. For body weight over 90 kilograms — the standard or enhanced dosage is possible.

Preparation method (Vaginal Suppository): For 100 grams of mass: coconut oil 70 grams, dry extract of Saigon cinnamon bark 20 grams, beeswax 10 grams. Coconut oil and wax are melted in a water bath until homogeneous, the extract is added at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius, mixed and poured into molds (2.5 grams each). Cool until completely solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppository): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. Protect from light and moisture. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 10 days.

Rectal Suppository — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Rectal Suppository): Hemorrhoids, proctitis, anal fissure, colonic dysbiosis, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic constipation, hyperglycemia, neurocirculatory dystonia, erectile dysfunction, inflammation of the prostate gland.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 1 suppository weighing 2 grams once a day rectally at night after bowel movement. Course — 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 1 suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for exacerbation of hemorrhoids, proctitis, or chronic constipation. Duration — no more than 5 days, then switch to the standard dose.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppository): Up to 3 suppositories per day is permissible for pronounced inflammation of the rectal mucosa and anal canal, severe anal pain, only under medical supervision. Course — no more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 1 suppository 2 times a week for a month. Recommended for chronic constipation, grade 1 hemorrhoids, venous outflow disorders in sedentary patients, including drivers and office workers.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppository): Allowed from 10 years with a body weight of at least 35 kilograms. ½ of a suppository weighing 1 gram once a day — for constipation or reduced intestinal motility. Only as prescribed by a doctor.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppository): Acute bleeding from the rectum, rectal tumors, proctological surgery in the history less than 3 months ago, hypersensitivity. No data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppository): Burning, discomfort in the anal canal, irritation of the rectal mucosa in case of overdose or intolerance. In rare cases — false urges to defecate.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppository): For patients up to 50 kilograms — it is recommended to use suppositories weighing 1.5 grams. For patients over 90 kilograms — the use of enhanced dosage is permissible if necessary.

Preparation method (Rectal Suppository): For 100 grams of suppository mass: cocoa butter 60 grams, coconut oil 25 grams, dry extract of Saigon cinnamon bark 15 grams. The oils are melted in a water bath at a temperature up to 50 degrees Celsius, the extract is added, and mixed until homogeneous. Poured into rectal molds of 2 grams each. Cool until completely solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppository): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, away from light. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 10 days.

Nasal Drops — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Nasal Drops): Chronic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, acute rhinitis of viral origin, sinusitis, adenoiditis in children, post-viral hyposmia, infectious nasopharyngitis.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops into each nostril 2 times a day, in a course of up to 7 days. Before instillation, it is recommended to rinse the nose with saline solution.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops 3 times a day for pronounced nasal congestion, inflammation of the mucosa, and viral infection. Permissible for 3 days, then transition to the standard dose.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): Up to 3 drops into each nostril 4 times a day is permissible for pronounced bacterial sinusitis, only under the supervision of an otorhinolaryngologist. No more than 5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop into each nostril once a day in the morning for 14 days. Recommended during seasons of viral activity, with a tendency to frequent colds, during the recovery period of the sense of smell.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): From 5 years — 1 drop once a day. From 10 years — standard dosage. Not recommended for children under 5 years due to possible irritant effect on the mucosa.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Allergic rhinitis in the acute phase, individual intolerance to components, mechanical damage to the nasal mucosa. No data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Burning, sneezing, profuse mucus discharge in the first minutes after instillation. In case of overdose — mucosal edema, headache.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): For patients with body weight less than 40 kilograms — use minimal doses (1 drop per nostril). For patients with body weight more than 90 kilograms — a transition to enhanced dosage is possible.

Preparation method (Nasal Drops): For 100 milliliters of drops: essential oil of Saigon cinnamon bark — 0.1 grams, sesame oil — 10 grams, rose hydrolate — 89.9 grams. The components are combined at room temperature in a sterile container, thoroughly mixed. Poured into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store at a temperature of 5 to 15 degrees Celsius, in a place protected from light. After opening, use within 14 days. Total shelf life — 3 months in airtight packaging.

Ear Drops — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Ear Drops): Acute external otitis, fungal otitis, chronic serous otitis, eczema of the external auditory canal, itching in the ears, ear congestion, residual effects after otogenic infection.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops into the ear canal 2 times a day, course of 5–7 days. After instillation — close the ear with a cotton swab, lie on the side for 5 minutes.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation and fungal infection of the external ear. Used for no more than 3 days, then switch to the standard dosage.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): Up to 4 drops 4 times a day is permissible in conditions of pronounced exudative inflammation of the external ear, strictly under the supervision of an otorhinolaryngologist. No more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop into the ear once a day for 5 days — before air travel, diving, swimming, with a tendency to otitis. Also — during the rehabilitation period after fungal otitis.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 5 years — 1 drop once a day. From 10 years — 2 drops once a day. Do not use in children under 5 years without consultation with an otorhinolaryngologist.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the tympanic membrane, acute purulent otitis media, ear injuries, hypersensitivity to oils. There is no scientifically confirmed data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Short-term burning, increased itching, dizziness when the dose is exceeded or the integrity of the tympanic membrane is violated.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): For patients with body weight up to 40 kilograms — no more than 1 drop 2 times a day. More than 80 kilograms — a transition to the enhanced dose is permissible.

Preparation method (Ear Drops): For 100 milliliters: essential oil of Saigon cinnamon — 0.1 grams, coconut oil — 30 grams, jojoba oil — 20 grams, lavender hydrolate — 49.9 grams. Mix in a sterile container at a temperature not exceeding 35 degrees Celsius. Shake until completely homogeneous. Pour into glass bottles with a dropper.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in a dark cool place at a temperature of 5–15 degrees Celsius. After opening, use within 21 days. Total shelf life — 3 months in airtight containers.

Essential Oil — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Essential Oil): Fungal skin lesions, skin candidiasis, contact dermatitis, herpetic rashes, acne, cellulite, neurocirculatory dystonia, anxiety disorder, hypotension, decreased concentration, chronic fatigue syndrome, oral aphthae, recurrent gingivitis.

Standard Dosage (Essential Oil): External use: 1 drop per 10 milliliters of carrier oil (coconut, jojoba, or almond oil) — apply to the skin once a day. Aromatherapy: 2 drops in an aroma lamp or 1 drop on an aroma pendant.

Enhanced Dosage (Essential Oil): Up to 2 drops per 10 milliliters of carrier oil for pronounced skin itching, localized inflammations, or acne. Up to 4 drops per 200 milliliters of warm water for rinsing with gingivitis and aphthae (do not swallow).

Maximum Dosage (Essential Oil): No more than 3 drops per day for external use. For aromatherapy — no more than 5 drops per day. Exceeding may cause irritation of mucous membranes and skin.

Preventive Dosage (Essential Oil): 1 drop in an aroma lamp once a day in the evenings for 10 days — for decreased concentration, increased fatigue, during viral infections.

Pediatric Dosage (Essential Oil): From 7 years — only aromatherapy: 1 drop on an aroma pendant or in an aroma lamp, no more than once a day. External use is allowed from 10 years with a dilution of 1 drop per 20 milliliters of carrier oil.

Contraindications (Essential Oil): Individual sensitivity, epilepsy, pregnancy, hypertension in the stage of decompensation. No data on contraindications during lactation have been registered, however, it is recommended to avoid direct application to the chest and nipple area.

Side Effects (Essential Oil): Skin irritation, burning, headache, hyperemia when the dosage is exceeded or applied in pure form.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Essential Oil): Use the oil only in diluted form. For body weight up to 50 kilograms — dilution of 1 drop per 15–20 milliliters of base. Over 90 kilograms — dilution of 1 drop per 7–10 milliliters of base is permissible.

Preparation method (Essential Oil): 100 grams of bark are crushed to the state of coarse particles, poured with 500 milliliters of water and distilled in a steam distillation apparatus for 4–6 hours. The essential oil is collected from the surface of the cooled condensate, separated, filtered, and poured into airtight dark glass bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Essential Oil): Store in a dark cool place at a temperature of 5 to 15 degrees Celsius, away from sunlight and heat sources. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 6 months.

Ointment — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Ointment): Contact dermatitis, fungal skin lesions, localized eczema, neurodermatitis, herpetic skin infection, myalgia, intercostal neuralgia, osteoarthritis, arthralgia, varicose veins, skin itching of unknown etiology.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer to affected areas of the skin 2 times a day, with light rubbing movements. Course — from 5 to 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): 3 times a day for pronounced skin itching, fungal infection, arthralgia, or neuralgia. Permissible for 3 days, then switch to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 5 grams of ointment per application — for extensive areas of inflammation or pain syndrome. Used no more than 3 times a day. The total daily dose should not exceed 15 grams.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once a day at night for 7 days — with a tendency to skin inflammations, exacerbations of eczema, upon contact with potential fungal foci. Recommended for patients with chronic dermatitis, diabetes mellitus, and reduced immune reactivity.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 5 years — no more than 1 gram of ointment once a day on a limited area of skin (up to 5×5 centimeters). Use in children under 5 years is not recommended.

Contraindications (Ointment): Open wounds, exudative psoriasis, fresh burns, hypersensitivity to ointment components. No reliable scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered, but it is recommended to avoid use in the area of the mammary glands and lower abdomen in pregnant women.

Side Effects (Ointment): Local burning, redness, increased itching, contact dermatitis in case of intolerance. In rare cases — headache upon inhalation of vapors from the skin.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): For weight less than 40 kilograms — the volume of application is reduced by half. For weight more than 90 kilograms, doubling the area of application is possible while maintaining the frequency of use.

Preparation method (Ointment): To prepare 100 grams of ointment: coconut oil 40 grams, beeswax 15 grams, essential oil of Saigon cinnamon 0.3 grams, dry extract of Saigon cinnamon 10 grams, anhydrous lanolin 20 grams, shea butter 15 grams. All ingredients except the essential oil are melted at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius in a water bath, then cooled to 35 degrees and the essential oil is added. Mix until homogeneous, package in sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in a dark cool place at a temperature of 5–15 degrees Celsius. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days provided the container is tightly closed.

Cream — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Cream): Seborrheic dermatitis, acne, localized skin irritation, dry skin, spider veins, dull complexion, age-related skin changes, cellulite, decreased skin tone, skin hypotension.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply a thin layer to cleansed skin 1–2 times a day, avoiding the area around the eyes. Used in the morning or evening, course of up to 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Apply 3 times a day for pronounced dryness, peeling, or skin inflammation. Course — no more than 5 days, then switch to the standard dosage.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Up to 4 grams per application when treating extensive areas (e.g., thighs, abdomen, arms). No more than 3 applications per day. Used for no more than 10 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Apply once a day in the evening for 14 days each month. Recommended for maintaining tone and freshness of the skin in patients over 40 years of age, with a tendency to decreased elasticity, and with sharp changes in body weight.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): From 7 years — apply no more than 0.5 grams once a day on limited areas of the skin for dryness or irritation. Under 7 years — do not use.

Contraindications (Cream): Allergic dermatoses in the acute phase, damaged skin, hypersensitivity to components, pregnancy (on the abdomen and chest area). No scientifically confirmed contraindications during lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Cream): Redness, short-term burning, rashes, contact allergy. Reactions more often occur with prolonged use without a break.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Up to 50 kilograms — apply no more than 1 gram of cream per day. More than 90 kilograms — an increase in the amount of cream to 4 grams per day is possible.

Preparation method (Cream): For 100 grams: rose hydrolate 50 grams, coconut oil 15 grams, grapeseed oil 10 grams, emulsifier (cetyl alcohol or beeswax) 7 grams, dry extract of Saigon cinnamon 10 grams, cinnamon essential oil 0.2 grams, plant-based preservative 0.8 grams, vegetable glycerin 7 grams. The aqueous and fatty phases are heated separately to 50 degrees Celsius, then mixed with continuous stirring, the extract and essential oil are introduced upon cooling to 35 degrees, packaged in sterile tubes.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store in the refrigerator or a cool place (from 5 to 15 degrees Celsius), protected from light. Shelf life — up to 3 months. After opening, use within 21 days.

Serum — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Indications (Serum): Atonic skin, decreased elasticity, age-related hyperpigmentation, dull complexion, acne, enlarged pores, hypothermia of the skin microcirculatory bed, signs of skin oxidative stress, photoaging.

Standard Dosage (Serum): Apply 3–4 drops of serum to the face and neck in the morning or evening, after cleansing and before applying cream. Avoid the area around the eyes. Course — 21–28 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): Up to 6 drops 2 times a day for pronounced dullness, skin laxity, acne, or age-related changes. Course no more than 10 days, then switch to the standard dose.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): Up to 8 drops on the face and neck area is permissible when preparing the skin for aggressive cosmetic procedures (laser, microdermabrasion) or after them, under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 2 drops once a day in the evening for 14 days. Recommended for women and men over 35 years of age with primary signs of photoaging, dull complexion, and sleep deficit.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): Not used in children and adolescents under 14 years. From 14 years — spot application for acne is possible, 1 drop on the affected area once a day, strictly under the supervision of a cosmetologist.

Contraindications (Serum): Acute form of rosacea, pronounced rosacea, allergic reaction to essential oils, open skin damage. There are no scientifically confirmed contraindications during pregnancy and lactation, however, it is not recommended to apply to the chest area.

Side Effects (Serum): Burning, short-term redness, irritation in case of hypersensitivity. In rare cases — rash or increased dryness with excessive use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Serum): Dosage adjustment by body weight is not required — the dosage is determined by the area of application and skin sensitivity.

Preparation method (Serum): For 100 milliliters: lavender hydrolate — 60 milliliters, vegetable glycerin — 10 milliliters, dry extract of Saigon cinnamon — 5 grams, cinnamon essential oil — 0.1 grams, plant-derived hyaluronic acid — 0.5 grams, natural preservative (e.g., rosemary extract) — 1 gram, the remaining volume — purified water. The components are mixed at a temperature not exceeding 35 degrees Celsius until complete dissolution. Packaged in sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 5 to 8 degrees Celsius, in airtight dark glass packaging. Shelf life — up to 3 months. After opening, use within 21 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Cinnamomum loureiroi

In the course of studying the acute toxicity of Saigon cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum loureiroi) and its essential oil, it was established that the compounds included in its composition (in particular, cinnamaldehyde) have low toxicity upon oral and external use in therapeutic doses. Studies on animals (including mice and rats) have shown that the LD₅₀ of cinnamon essential oil is about 2.220 mg/kg upon oral administration in rats, which indicates a moderately low level of acute toxicity.

It is noted that in high doses (in particular, when using concentrated essential oils without dilution), irritant effects on the skin and mucous membranes are possible, as well as potential hepatotoxicity with prolonged use or exceeding dosages.

To date, there is no confirmed data on mutagenic or carcinogenic activity of components of Cinnamomum loureiroi bark upon external or internal use in therapeutic amounts. Use in cosmetic products also does not cause systemic toxicity when concentration standards are observed.

Reference for LD₅₀ and toxicological profile: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...

Pharmacodynamics — Cinnamomum loureiroi

The pharmacodynamic activity of Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi) is due to the high content of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, trans-cinnamic acid, linalool, β-caryophyllene, coumarins, and polyphenolic compounds. These substances represent a wide range of biologically active compounds with proven ability to influence the regulation of enzymatic activity, expression of inflammation genes, oxidative stress, and intercellular communication.

One of the central pharmacodynamic effects is the anti-inflammatory action. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity and also reduces the synthesis of prostaglandins and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) in immune cells. Such suppression of the inflammatory cascade is realized at both the local and systemic levels, including effects on cells of innate immunity (macrophages, neutrophils). It has also been established that β-caryophyllene interacts with cannabinoid CB2 receptors, which further explains its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity.

The antioxidant properties of Cinnamomum loureiroi bark extracts are realized through the ability of phenolic components (in particular, coumarins and proanthocyanidins) to neutralize reactive oxygen species and prevent lipid peroxidation. This action is manifested under both extracellular and intracellular stress conditions. It has been shown that in the presence of these compounds, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase increases, which reduces the level of oxidative damage in tissues.

At the level of the gastrointestinal tract, modulation of motor function and secretion is observed: cinnamaldehyde activates TRPA1 receptors in enteroendocrine cells, which is accompanied by increased secretion of gastrointestinal peptides and local vasodilation. Simultaneously, a decrease in the contractility of intestinal smooth muscle is registered due to effects on calcium channels and suppression of parasympathetic activity. This provides antispasmodic and carminative effects.

The effect on the central nervous system is primarily due to sedative and anxiolytic activity. This is confirmed by the action of eugenol and coumarins on GABAergic transmission, as well as a decrease in the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Such mechanisms justify the systemic effect of relaxation, normalization of autonomic regulation, and improvement of sleep.

Endocrine regulation is also affected through effects on insulin sensitivity and receptor activity in peripheral tissues. Cinnamaldehyde activates the tyrosine kinase pathway through insulin receptors and also increases GLUT-4 expression in skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes. Simultaneously, inhibition of alpha-glucosidase in the small intestinal mucosa is registered, which leads to a decrease in glucose entry into the systemic circulation.

Locally, with external use, extracts of Cinnamomum loureiroi exhibit pronounced antiseptic and antimicrobial activity, due to damage to the membranes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, disruption of their metabolism, and inhibition of biofilms. Eugenol and cinnamaldehyde demonstrate synergy against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also inhibit the growth of dermatophytes.

The pharmacodynamics of Saigon cinnamon components covers a wide range of biological targets — from membrane receptors and ion channels to nuclear transcription factors and enzymes. The effect develops at both the local and systemic levels, including the nervous, immune, endocrine, digestive, and skin systems.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...

Pharmacokinetics — Cinnamomum loureiroi

The absorption of active substances of Saigon cinnamon depends on the pharmacological form and route of administration. With oral use of powder, dry extract, or alcohol tincture, the main compounds (including aromatic aldehydes, phenylpropanoids, and phenolic acids) are rapidly absorbed in the proximal parts of the small intestine. The bioavailability of phenolic components is enhanced in the presence of a lipid phase, which is especially pronounced when used together with oil forms or as part of food. Taking on an empty stomach increases the rate of absorption, but may enhance the irritant effect on the gastric mucosa.

In suppositories and transmucosal forms (vaginal, rectal), the absorption of active compounds occurs through the mucous membranes, mainly due to passive diffusion. In this case, the effect develops faster, bypassing the first hepatic pass, which allows the use of both local and systemic effects simultaneously. With nasal or inhalation administration (essential oil, drops), absorption occurs through the nasal mucosa and respiratory tract with partial penetration into the systemic circulation. Aromatic compounds also reach the olfactory bulb, activating neuropeptide and vegetative mechanisms.

The distribution of active substances occurs mainly in the liver, adipose tissue, skin, and mucous membranes. Lipophilic components contained in the essential oil show a tendency to accumulate in tissues with a high lipid content, including the adrenal glands and skin. Polar components circulate in the plasma predominantly in free form or in complex with albumins. Mechanisms of active transport or specific binding to receptors in tissues have not been established.

The metabolism of most cinnamon compounds occurs in the liver by conjugation with glucuronic or sulfuric acid, as well as hydroxylation in the monooxygenase system. Aldehyde groups may undergo reduction to alcohols or oxidation to acids, after which inactivated metabolites enter the systemic circulation. The metabolic load falls on cytochrome enzymes involved in the biotransformation of aromatic compounds. With chronic use, adaptation of enzyme systems and accelerated elimination are possible.

The excretion of metabolic products is carried out primarily by the kidneys — in the form of water-soluble conjugates excreted in the urine. Some of the fat-soluble components and their metabolites are excreted through the liver with bile. With inhalation or transdermal use, excretion through the skin and respiratory tract is possible. In the process of biotransformation, active components undergo enzymatic cleavage and partially interact with the intestinal microflora, which may change their activity and bioavailability.

Chronic use may be accompanied by the accumulation of individual components in adipose tissue in the absence of adequate metabolic clearance. However, no pronounced tendency to accumulation in systemic organs has been identified. With normal liver and kidney function, the pharmacokinetic properties remain stable and predictable with course use in therapeutic doses.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874113000126
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26410553/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4466762/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-012-0973-2
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Cinnamomum loureiroi

The pharmacological activity of Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi) is realized through the multicomponent interaction of biologically active substances with cellular, receptor, and enzymatic targets. The main active compounds include aromatic aldehydes, especially cinnamaldehyde, as well as eugenol, coumarins, mono- and sesquiterpenes, and phenolic acids. Molecular studies have shown that key mechanisms of action include inhibition of pro-inflammatory cascades, modulation of oxidative homeostasis, participation in the regulation of neurotransmitter transmission, and modulating effects on the endocrine sensitivity of tissues.

One of the well-studied mechanisms of action is the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, responsible for the transcription of genes associated with inflammation, including TNF-α, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS. Cinnamaldehyde prevents the activation of IκB kinase, thereby preventing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and the subsequent formation of inflammatory mediators. In parallel, suppression of the MAPK pathway (especially p38 and ERK1/2) is observed, which further reduces the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induced acute-phase proteins.

Studies show that components of Cinnamomum loureiroi bark can modulate the enzymatic activity of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, reducing the postprandial load on glucose metabolism. It has also been demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde metabolites increase the expression of glucose transporters GLUT-4 in muscle tissue and fat cells, activating the insulin-dependent signaling pathway through receptor tyrosine kinases.

At the level of the central nervous system, the interaction of eugenol with GABA receptors and serotonergic 5-HT₁A receptors has been identified, which partially explains the sedative and anxiolytic potential. Modulation of autonomic regulation and a decrease in the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis are also observed. Effects through olfactory receptors and neuropeptide pathways confirm participation in the formation of neurovegetative effects during inhalation administration.

Antioxidant properties are realized by increasing the activity of endogenous enzyme systems, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. Free radicals are neutralized due to the hydroxyl groups of phenolic compounds, which limits lipid peroxidation, stabilizes cell membranes, and prevents DNA damage.

Antibacterial and antifungal effects have also been demonstrated, realized through destabilization of microbial cytoplasmic membranes, inhibition of protein synthesis, and destruction of biofilms. Eugenol and cinnamaldehyde disrupt the integrity of the cell wall, inhibit the activity of bacterial ATPases, and disrupt ion balance in pathogenic cells.

Thus, the mechanisms of action of Saigon cinnamon cover the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative cascades, regulation of neurohumoral transmission, effects on enzyme systems of carbohydrate metabolism, and antibacterial mechanisms at the level of membranes and pathogen metabolism.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Synergy — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Scientific studies demonstrate pronounced pharmacological synergy of Saigon cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi) components with a number of other phytocompounds and natural substances. One of the clearly confirmed areas of synergy is the enhancement of antioxidant activity in combination with polyphenols of green tea, grape seeds, and rosemary extract. Such interaction leads to an additive effect in terms of neutralization of reactive oxygen species and enhanced expression of protective enzymes.

In interaction with curcumin from Curcuma longa, potentiation of anti-inflammatory action is observed due to the combined inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The complex regulation of transcription factors and inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, demonstrates a synergistic reduction of pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages in vitro and in vivo.

When combined with garlic extract (Allium sativum), a modulating enhancement of antimicrobial action has been recorded. Eugenol and allicin together destroy bacterial biofilms, increasing membrane permeability and suppressing bacterial protein synthesis. This interaction has been proven to enhance activity against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

In the field of neuropsychopharmacology, the combination of Saigon cinnamon essential oil with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) demonstrates potentiation of sedative effects. The combined effect on GABA receptors and serotonergic cascades provides modulation of the autonomic response and a reduction in anxiety in behavioral tests.

Also, in combination with ginger (Zingiber officinale), a synergistic enhancement of the gastroprotective effect is noted, due to the simultaneous suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulation of mucus-forming mechanisms at the gastric level. This effect has a tissue-specific direction and has been confirmed in vivo.

These interactions can be both potentiating and protective in nature and are associated with the general direction of action on cellular signaling systems, including inflammatory mediators, enzyme complexes, and receptor cascades.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6533874/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691519302321
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29702119/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3854496/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13197-018-3176-9

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Cinnamomum loureiroi

Cinnamomum loureiroi is traditionally used in the folk medicine and culinary practices of Southeast Asia, mainly in Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand. The tradition of using this plant is especially strong in Central and Northern Vietnam, where it is considered not only an aromatic but also a medicinal spice. The Vietnamese, classifying Cinnamomum loureiroi bark as a hot and warming remedy, used it in the form of decoctions, alcohol and honey infusions, as well as in multicomponent balms and compresses. In some regions, especially in the provinces of Quang Nam and Ha Tinh, bark powder was added to herbal mixtures used after childbirth and in bath procedures.

In the culture of mountain ethnic groups such as the Thai, Muong, and Yao, Saigon cinnamon bark was included in ritual collections used for fumigating dwellings, expelling the "spirit of disease," and restoring the balance of body energy. It was traditionally believed that steam saturated with the aromas of the bark purifies the aura and strengthens the connection between body and spirit. Among the Hmong people in the northern regions of Vietnam, practices of rubbing ground cinnamon into the navel and lower back area to restore inner strength and protect against cold are known.

In Thai traditional medicine (Thai phaeu borigan), Saigon cinnamon was considered a component of formulations included in warming compresses and herbal steam baths. It is mentioned in the pharmacopoeial records of the Wat Pho school as a stimulating and aromatic remedy, and is also included in the "medicinal pouch" (ploy) used in the therapy of wind and cold diseases. In classical Chinese medicine, where Cinnamomum loureiroi was identified in some sources as a variety of cassia, it was used in the form of decoctions and infusions to harmonize yang energy, enhance internal heat, and equalize "cold" conditions.

In terms of historical depth, written references to the use of a plant identified with Saigon cinnamon date back to the Dai Viet era (beginning of the second millennium), where it is described in chronicles as an export commodity to China and India. Mentions of cinnamon trade in Hoi An and the port areas of Quang Nam are recorded in sources from the 16th–17th centuries as evidence of its distribution in international trade as a valuable commodity and medicinal raw material.

In the folk beliefs of the Vietnamese and Laotians, cinnamon was used as a protective amulet — the bark was placed under the mattress of infants to "expel night fear," and in adult rituals — for protection from the evil eye. Fumigation with smoke from ground bark was considered a purifying act, especially in cases of diseases of unknown origin or at the birth of a child. In the shamanic practice of some tribes of Central Vietnam, the powder of the plant was included in a mixture used for ritual rubbing into the skin of the priest before summoning spirits.

In addition to medical and ritual use, the plant played an important role in the culinary culture of the region, where its aroma is associated with holidays, wedding rituals, and maturity ceremonies. Thus, Cinnamomum loureiroi forms a vivid example of the intersection of medicinal, sacred, and everyday functions of one taxon in the traditions of Southeast Asia.