Elettaria Cardamomum (Green Cardamom)

Elettaria Cardamomum (Green Cardamom)

Product Name: Кардамон настоящий, Elettaria cardamomum, Grüner Kardamom, Cardamomo verde, Cardamome verte, الهال الأخضر, กระวาน, Kardamon, Кардамон, Hil kardamon, Кардамон, Žalioji kardamonas, Zaļais kardamons, Кардамон справжній, Yaşıl hil, היל ירוק

Synonyms: кардамон зелёный, малабарский кардамон, индийский кардамон, зеленый кардамон; green cardamom, true cardamom; Grüner Kardamo; Cardamomo verde; Cardamome verte; الهيل الأخضر / กระวานเขียว

Used Parts: rhizome, leaves, stems, seeds, fruits (pods).

Main Indications for the Use of Elettaria cardamomum: Gastritis with high acidity, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, spastic colic, flatulence, functional diarrhea, chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, obesity, neurocirculatory dystonia, anxiety disorder, erectile dysfunction, gingivitis, periodontitis, oral candidiasis, cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis.

Use of Elettaria cardamomum in Mixtures and Complexes: Gastric and duodenal ulcers, reflux esophagitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic pancreatitis, depression, infertility, chronic renal failure, premenstrual syndrome, sleep disturbance, chronic fatigue syndrome, viral upper respiratory tract infections, bacterial vaginosis.

Pharmacological Properties of Elettaria cardamomum: Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, carminative, spasmolytic, choleretic, antiseptic, gastroprotective, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, diuretic, bronchodilatory, anxiolytic, adaptogenic, aphrodisiac, antifungal, hepatoprotective, antiputrefactive, antiparasitic, aromatherapeutic, carminative, immunostimulating, antinociceptive.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Elettaria cardamomum

Powder — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Powder): Gastritis with high acidity, dyspepsia, spastic colic, flatulence, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic cholecystitis, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, gingivitis, oral candidiasis, hyperlipidemia, anxiety disorder.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 500–1000 milligrams of powder orally 2–3 times a day 15–30 minutes before meals, with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1500 milligrams 3 times a day for pronounced dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic bronchitis, and hyperlipidemia.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): No more than 6000 milligrams per day. Recommended for pronounced flatulence, hypersecretory gastritis, and asthmatic component.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 250 milligrams 1–2 times a day for 20 days. Recommended for patients with chronic cholecystitis, anxiety disorders, and initial hyperlipidemia. Repeat the course 3–4 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 6 years of age and a body weight of 20 kilograms or more — 100–200 milligrams 1–2 times a day, orally, after meals. For children under 6 years of age, safety data are absent.

Contraindications (Powder): Increased individual sensitivity, acute ulcerative lesions of the stomach and intestines, hemorrhoidal bleeding. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): With overdose — heartburn, increased peristalsis with possible diarrhea, irritation of the gastric mucosa.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): Patients with body weight less than 60 kilograms — reduce the dose by 20%. For body weight more than 90 kilograms, an increase in dosage to the upper safe limit (6000 milligrams per day) is possible, provided good tolerability.

Preparation method (Powder): To obtain 100 grams of powder, take 110 grams of dried fruits of true cardamom. The dried fruits are freed from the shells, the seeds are ground into powder on a pharmaceutical mill to a fraction of less than 300 microns. The finished powder is sifted and hermetically packaged. Do not add any excipients.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in an airtight dark glass container, at a temperature of 15 to 25 °C, in a dry place, away from sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 18 months. After opening the package, use within 30 days.

Dry Extract — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Dry Extract): Gastritis with hyperacidity, functional diarrhea, metabolic syndrome, obesity, chronic bronchitis, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, anxiety disorder.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 200–400 milligrams of dry extract 2 times a day 20 minutes before meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 500 milligrams 2–3 times a day for metabolic syndrome, obesity, anxiety disorders, and hyperlipidemia.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 1500 milligrams per day. Used for severe forms of obesity and atherosclerosis under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 100 milligrams once a day for 30 days. Recommended for chronic cholecystitis, hyperlipidemia, and anxiety disorders. Repeat 2–3 courses per year.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): From 10 years of age and a body weight of 30 kilograms or more — 100 milligrams once a day. Safety in children under 10 years of age has not been scientifically confirmed.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Individual intolerance. During pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 10 years of age, reliable safety data are absent.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): Rarely, nausea, heartburn, and headache are possible when the dosage exceeds 1000 milligrams per day.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): For weight less than 60 kilograms — reduce the daily dose by 25%. For weight more than 90 kilograms — an increase of 20% is allowed if tolerability is good.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): To prepare 100 grams of dry extract, 1000 grams of ground cardamom seeds are used. Extraction is carried out with 70% ethanol at a temperature of 40 °C for 12 hours. The resulting extract is filtered, evaporated at a temperature not exceeding 45 °C to a dry residue. Dried in a vacuum dryer to a moisture content of no more than 5%. The resulting powder is hermetically packaged.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in tightly closed containers made of darkened glass at a temperature of 10–25 °C, in a dry, dark place. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and EMI. Shelf life — 2 years. After opening the package, use within 45 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Tincture): Gastritis with hypersecretion, functional dyspepsia, cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, bronchial asthma, pharyngitis, gingivitis, anxiety disorder, neurocirculatory dystonia.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops (approximately 1 ml) of tincture on 20% alcohol 2 times a day before meals, diluted in 50 ml of warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 1.5 ml 3 times a day for chronic cholecystitis, pharyngitis, neurocirculatory dystonia, and bronchial asthma.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): Up to 6 ml per day for chronic cholecystitis, acute pharyngitis, and increased gastric secretion. Taken under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops once a day for 15–20 days. Recommended for the prevention of chronic gastritis, cholecystitis, and anxiety states. Repeat the course 2 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Use in children under 12 years of age is not recommended due to ethanol content. In adolescence (from 12 years), intake of no more than 5 drops per day, diluted in water, is allowed.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcoholism, liver diseases, epilepsy, age under 12 years. During pregnancy and lactation, safety data on the use of Tincture have not been registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): Dizziness, burning in the stomach, palpitations are possible, especially at doses above 4 ml per day.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For body weight less than 60 kilograms — reduce the dose by 30%. For body weight more than 90 kilograms, an increase in the daily dose by 20% is allowed.

Preparation method (Tincture): To obtain 100 ml of tincture, take 20 grams of ground cardamom seeds and pour 80 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol. Infuse in a dark place at a temperature of 20–25 °C for 10 days, shaking periodically. Then filter through gauze and store in a tightly closed glass container. No additional components are required.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 15 to 25 °C, in a tightly closed container, protected from direct light and sources of EMI. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 60 days.

Oil Infusion — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Oil Infusion): Oral candidiasis, gingivitis, periodontitis, external otitis, neurodermatitis, skin itching, erectile dysfunction, vaginal candidiasis, perianal itching.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally apply a thin layer 2 times a day. For massage — 3–5 ml per procedure. When taken orally — no more than 2 ml per day (0.5 ml 4 times a day before meals).

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — 3–4 times a day for pronounced manifestations of itching or candidiasis. Orally — up to 3 ml per day for erectile dysfunction and pronounced flatulence, provided good tolerability.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): External use — up to 20 ml per day. Internal — no more than 4 ml per day. Used in complex therapy of vaginal candidiasis and periodontosis.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply once a day on the skin or mucous membrane after hygiene procedures. Internally — 0.5 ml once a day. Prevention of candidiasis and gum diseases. Course — 20 days, repeat every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): For children from 6 years of age — only external use once a day in a minimal amount (up to 0.5 ml). Internal use is not recommended.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual intolerance, acute dermatoses, age under 6 years. Data on use during pregnancy and lactation are limited — not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Rare cases of skin irritation, allergic rash; when doses are exceeded — nausea and diarrhea.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Patients with weight less than 60 kg — reduce the volume of application by 25%. For weight more than 90 kg, an increase in the external dose to 6 ml per application is possible.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): To prepare 100 g of oil infusion: 20 g of ground cardamom seeds, 80 g of cold-pressed coconut oil. Mix the ingredients and keep in a water bath at a temperature of 45–50 °C for 6 hours, stirring periodically. Then cool, filter and pour into an airtight dark glass jar.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store at a temperature of 10 to 25 °C, away from direct light, in an airtight dark glass container. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Cream — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Cream): Neurodermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, skin itching of various etiologies, herpetic eruptions in remission, hyperpigmentation, fissures of the lips and elbows.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply a thin layer to affected skin areas 2 times a day — morning and evening, after hygiene procedures.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Up to 3–4 times a day for pronounced itching, inflammation, or hyperpigmentation. Applied locally, no more than 2 weeks in a row without a break.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Up to 5 applications per day for severe forms of dermatitis and neurodermatitis. The total course should not exceed 14 days without medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Once a day on sensitive skin areas in the evening. Recommended for chronic neurodermatitis, seasonal skin dryness, and fissures of the lips and palms. Course 20 days with a 10-day break.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): From 3 years — apply once a day on small areas of skin (up to 1 ml per zone). Use is allowed for atopic dermatitis and skin irritation. For children under 3 years of age, safety data are absent.

Contraindications (Cream): Acute pustular skin infections, individual hypersensitivity. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are absent in the scientific literature.

Side Effects (Cream): Rarely, a contact allergic reaction is possible: redness, burning, increased itching with individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Adjustment is not required for external use, but with a total weight of less than 20 kg (children) — use the minimum allowable volume.

Preparation method (Cream): To prepare 100 grams of cream: — Dry cardamom extract — 2 g; — Cold-pressed coconut oil — 30 g; — Beeswax — 10 g; — Lavender hydrolate — 56 g; — Plant-based emulsifier (sunflower lecithin) — 2 g. Melt the oil and wax in a water bath at a temperature of 60 °C, separately heat the aqueous phase (hydrolate) to the same temperature. Combine the phases with the addition of the emulsifier, stir intensively until a homogeneous mass is formed. Add cardamom extract, cool and package in containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store in a cool place at a temperature of 5 to 15 °C, in an airtight jar, protected from light. Shelf life — up to 90 days. After opening, use within 30 days, do not allow contamination of the contents.

Lotion — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Lotion): Acne, seborrheic dermatitis, hyperhidrosis, skin itching, bacterial skin inflammations, irritation after shaving, follicle inflammation.

Standard Dosage (Lotion): Wipe the affected skin areas with a cotton pad moistened with lotion, 2 times a day — morning and evening.

Enhanced Dosage (Lotion): Up to 3–4 times a day for intense inflammations or pronounced skin oiliness. Used in a course of up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Lotion): Up to 5 applications per day in case of severe folliculitis or pustular rash. No more than 7 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Lotion): Once a day in the evening, on cleansed skin. Used for a tendency to seborrhea and acne, in adolescence and in patients with oily skin. Course 14–21 days, repeat every 2 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Lotion): From 12 years — according to indications, no more than once a day, on small areas of skin. For children under 12 years of age, safety data are absent.

Contraindications (Lotion): Individual sensitivity, open wounds, eczema in the acute stage. During pregnancy and lactation, contraindications have not been registered, but long-term use is recommended to be avoided.

Side Effects (Lotion): May cause burning and redness of the skin with individual intolerance or with frequent use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Lotion): Not required for external use.

Preparation method (Lotion): To prepare 100 ml of lotion: — Alcoholic tincture of cardamom — 20 ml; — Purified water — 70 ml; — Vegetable glycerin — 10 ml. Mix the ingredients at room temperature. Pour into a bottle with a tightly closing lid. Shake before use. Does not contain preservatives.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Lotion): Store at a temperature of 10 to 25 °C, away from sunlight. Shelf life — 90 days. After opening, use within 30 days.

Emulsion — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Emulsion): Atopic dermatitis, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, skin irritation, inflammation after depilation, skin itching of unspecified etiology, dermatoses with dry skin.

Standard Dosage (Emulsion): Apply 1–2 times a day to affected skin areas in a thin layer, evenly distributing over the surface.

Enhanced Dosage (Emulsion): Up to 3 times a day for pronounced skin irritation, flaking, and pruritic dermatoses. Course — 10–14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Emulsion): Up to 4 times a day in severe cases of atopic dermatitis and eczema. Apply under specialist supervision, no more than 7 days in a row without a break.

Preventive Dosage (Emulsion): Once a day, preferably in the evening. Recommended for patients with chronic dermatitis, seasonal dry skin, and a tendency to irritation after shaving or epilation. Course — 21 days, repeat after 2 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Emulsion): From 3 years — no more than once a day on limited skin areas (up to 1 ml per application). Use in children under 3 years of age is not recommended due to the risk of allergic reaction.

Contraindications (Emulsion): Individual intolerance, open purulent skin lesions. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Emulsion): Burning, erythema, contact dermatitis may occur in the presence of hypersensitivity to components.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Emulsion): Adjustment is not required for external use. With low body weight (up to 30 kg), the minimum volume of application is recommended — up to 0.5 ml per application.

Preparation method (Emulsion): To prepare 100 g of emulsion: — Coconut oil — 20 g; — Purified water — 72 g; — Emulsifier based on cetyl alcohol and glycerin — 5 g; — Dry cardamom extract — 2 g; — Cardamom essential oil — 1 g. Heat the oil and aqueous phases separately to 60 °C. Combine with constant stirring, then add the extract and essential oil. Cool to 35 °C with continuous stirring. Package in an airtight container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Emulsion): Store at a temperature of 5 to 15 °C, in airtight packaging, protected from direct light. Shelf life — up to 60 days. After opening, use within 21 days.

Essence — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Essence): Hyperpigmentation, dull skin, enlarged pores, facial seborrheic dermatitis, initial age-related skin changes, inflammatory rash.

Standard Dosage (Essence): Apply 1–2 drops of essence to cleansed facial skin in the morning and evening, with light tapping movements.

Enhanced Dosage (Essence): 3–4 drops 2 times a day for pronounced hyperpigmentation and seborrhea. Duration of course — up to 30 days.

Maximum Dosage (Essence): Up to 5 drops 2 times a day for 10 days for hyperpigmentation and inflammatory acne, with mandatory alternation with soothing agents.

Preventive Dosage (Essence): 1 drop per day at night. Recommended for patients with dull skin, hyperkeratosis, and seborrheic activity. Course — 21 days, then a 1-month break.

Pediatric Dosage (Essence): Not recommended under 14 years of age. From 14 years — allowed for acne, 1 drop at night pointwise.

Contraindications (Essence): Individual hypersensitivity. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Essence): Rarely — mild redness, sensation of heat, contact dermatitis in persons with increased sensitivity to essential oils.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Essence): Not required — the dosage volume is minimal and depends on the area of application.

Preparation method (Essence): To prepare 100 ml of essence: — Rose water — 70 ml; — Vegetable glycerin — 15 ml; — Alcoholic tincture of cardamom — 10 ml; — Cardamom essential oil — 2 ml; — Dry cardamom extract — 3 g. All components are mixed at room temperature. Filtered through a fine-pore filter and poured into dropper bottles. Does not require heating or emulsification.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Essence): Store at a temperature of 5 to 20 °C, in a dark place, in a dark glass bottle with a tightly closed lid. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 45 days.

Mask — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Mask): Inflammatory rash, seborrheic dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, dull skin, enlarged pores, micro-inflammations, oily skin.

Standard Dosage (Mask): Apply an even layer (5–7 ml) to cleansed facial skin once every 3 days. Leave for 15 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Mask): 2 times a week, 10 ml, for pronounced oiliness, inflammation, and hyperpigmentation.

Maximum Dosage (Mask): Up to 3 procedures per week, 10 ml, for active acne and seborrheic inflammations. Course no more than 21 days without a break.

Preventive Dosage (Mask): Once a week, 5 ml. Used for a tendency to oily skin, enlarged pores, and grayish skin tone. Course — 4 weeks, repeat every 2 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Mask): Allowed from 14 years of age for acne — once a week, 3–5 ml on the face. Under 14 years — not recommended.

Contraindications (Mask): Pustular skin diseases, open wounds, individual hypersensitivity. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Mask): Rarely — redness, feeling of skin tightness, mild itching. With overdose or individual intolerance, contact dermatitis is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Mask): Not required, as the drug is applied externally and in fixed volumes on limited areas.

Preparation method (Mask): To prepare 100 g: — Green or white clay — 50 g; — Cardamom decoction (from 5 g of powder in 30 ml of water) — 30 ml; — Coconut oil — 10 g; — Cardamom essential oil — 0.5 ml; — Vegetable glycerin — 9.5 ml. All components are thoroughly mixed until a homogeneous paste-like consistency is obtained. The mass is hermetically packaged in a glass jar.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Mask): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 10 °C, in a glass jar with a tightly closed lid. Avoid contact with metal objects. Shelf life — up to 30 days. After opening, use within 14 days.

Essential Oil — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Essential Oil): Bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, pharyngitis, anxiety disorder, erectile dysfunction, oral candidiasis, toothache, neuralgia, muscle tension.

Standard Dosage (Essential Oil): Aromatherapy — 2 drops in an aroma lamp per 10 m². External use — 1 drop per 5 ml of carrier oil (coconut oil), apply to the skin. Rinses — 1 drop per 100 ml of water (do not swallow).

Enhanced Dosage (Essential Oil): Aromatherapy — up to 4 drops per 10 m² for pronounced anxiety disorder. External — up to 3 drops per 10 ml of carrier oil for neuralgia. Rinses — 2 drops per 100 ml of water for oral candidiasis.

Maximum Dosage (Essential Oil): Externally — up to 5 drops per 10 ml of carrier oil, no more than 3 times a day. Internal use is not allowed without medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Essential Oil): 1 drop per 100 ml of water — for rinses once a day. For aroma lamp — 1 drop for 30 minutes in the evening. Course — 10 days, repeat monthly. Recommended for anxiety states, a tendency to gum inflammation, and chronic bronchitis.

Pediatric Dosage (Essential Oil): From 6 years — only in an aroma lamp: 1 drop per 15 m² for no more than 20 minutes per day. External and for rinsing — not used.

Contraindications (Essential Oil): Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, epilepsy, age under 6 years. During lactation — limited use, avoid application to the chest.

Side Effects (Essential Oil): With overdose — headache, tachycardia, nausea, irritation of mucous membranes.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Essential Oil): Not required for external and inhalation use. In sensitive patients with weight <50 kg — use half the dose.

Preparation method (Essential Oil): Steam distillation of seeds is used to obtain essential oil. For 100 ml of oil, 4–5 kg of dried seeds are required. Steam is passed through the raw material for 4 hours. The oil is separated, filtered, and poured into darkened bottles. Without additives.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Essential Oil): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 5–15 °C, in tightly closed dark glass bottles, away from sources of heat and EMI. Shelf life — 2 years. After opening, use within 6 months.

Shampoo — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Shampoo): Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, itching of the scalp, oily dandruff, tendency to fungal infections, hair loss, inflammation of hair follicles.

Standard Dosage (Shampoo): Apply 5–10 ml of shampoo to wet hair 2 times a week, thoroughly massage into the scalp for 2–3 minutes, then rinse with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Shampoo): Use 3 times a week, 10 ml, for the active phase of seborrhea, itching, and inflammation of the scalp. Course — 3 weeks.

Maximum Dosage (Shampoo): Up to 4 applications per week, 15 ml per use, for pronounced oily seborrhea and fungal infection of the scalp. Do not use for longer than 3 weeks without a break.

Preventive Dosage (Shampoo): Once a week, 5 ml. Recommended for patients with oily scalp, a tendency to itching, dandruff, and seasonal hair loss. Course — 30 days, 1-month break.

Pediatric Dosage (Shampoo): Allowed from 10 years — once a week, 3–5 ml, with mandatory rinsing. In children under 10 years — not recommended.

Contraindications (Shampoo): Purulent lesions of the scalp, individual intolerance. Contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Shampoo): Rarely — dryness of the scalp, flaking, redness. With individual sensitivity, an allergic reaction is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Shampoo): Not required, dosage is calculated according to the area of application (scalp).

Preparation method (Shampoo): To prepare 100 ml: — Cardamom hydrolate — 50 ml; — Cocamidopropyl betaine — 30 ml; — Vegetable glycerin — 5 ml; — Dry cardamom extract — 1 g (pre-dissolved in 5 ml of hot water); — Cardamom essential oil — 0.5 ml; — Plant-derived preservative (if necessary) — up to 1%. Mix all components at a temperature of 30–35 °C, stir until homogeneous, pour into a bottle. Avoid overheating.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Shampoo): Store at a temperature of 10–25 °C, in a plastic or glass bottle with a dispenser cap, in the dark. Shelf life — 3 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Conditioner — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Conditioner): Dryness and brittleness of hair, scalp irritation, itching, oily seborrhea, weakened hair growth, dull hair color.

Standard Dosage (Conditioner): Apply 5–10 ml to wet hair after washing, leave for 3–5 minutes, then rinse thoroughly with water.

Enhanced Dosage (Conditioner): Up to 15 ml per procedure, apply every other day for the active phase of itching, oily seborrhea, and scalp irritation.

Maximum Dosage (Conditioner): Up to 20 ml per application for pronounced dryness, irritation, and flaking of the scalp. Use no more than 4 times a week, no more than 2 weeks in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Conditioner): Once a week, 5 ml. Recommended for dry hair, a tendency to scalp irritation, and dull hair color. Course — 21 days, 14-day break.

Pediatric Dosage (Conditioner): From 10 years — 3–5 ml once a week. Under 10 years, not recommended.

Contraindications (Conditioner): Pustular lesions of the scalp, individual hypersensitivity. Contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Conditioner): Rarely — itching of the scalp, redness, increased hair oiliness with excessive use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Conditioner): Not required — calculation is based on hair length and thickness, not body weight.

Preparation method (Conditioner): To prepare 100 g: — Coconut oil — 15 g; — Rose hydrolate — 40 g; — Dry cardamom extract — 2 g; — Vegetable emulsifier (cetyl alcohol + glycerin) — 5 g; — Cardamom essential oil — 0.5 ml; — Purified water — 37.5 g. First, melt the oil and emulsifier in a water bath (to 60 °C), combine with the heated aqueous phase. After cooling, add the extract and essential oil. Mix thoroughly, pour into jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Conditioner): Store in the refrigerator (4–8 °C) or in a cool room without access to light. Shelf life — up to 60 days. After opening, use within 21 days.

Sunscreen Lotion — Elettaria cardamomum

Indications (Sunscreen Lotion): Photodermatosis, hyperpigmentation, tendency to sunburn, skin protection during photosensitization, prevention of actinic keratosis, premature photoaging of the skin.

Standard Dosage (Sunscreen Lotion): Apply 2 ml to each area (face, neck, forearms, etc.) 20 minutes before sun exposure. Repeat every 2 hours when in the sun.

Enhanced Dosage (Sunscreen Lotion): Up to 3 ml per each area every 1.5 hours during high solar activity (UV index > 9), a tendency to pigmentation, after peeling procedures, or during photosensitization.

Maximum Dosage (Sunscreen Lotion): Up to 20 ml per application for full coverage of exposed body areas. Used on the beach, in the mountains, during midday hours. Use no more than 6 times a day.

Preventive Dosage (Sunscreen Lotion): 1–2 ml once a day in the morning on exposed skin areas, during seasons with moderate solar activity. Recommended for patients with photodermatoses, pigmentation, and sensitive skin. Course — daily during the sunny period.

Pediatric Dosage (Sunscreen Lotion): From 3 years — 1 ml per each area no more than 2 times a day. Use under adult supervision. Under 3 years — only with medical recommendations.

Contraindications (Sunscreen Lotion): Individual sensitivity. Do not apply to damaged skin. Contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered, but avoid application to the chest area.

Side Effects (Sunscreen Lotion): Rarely — redness, contact allergy, burning sensation when applied to irritated skin.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Sunscreen Lotion): Adjustment is not required — the dosage is determined by the area of the skin. For low weight children (up to 15 kg) — reduce the dose proportionally.

Preparation method (Sunscreen Lotion): To prepare 100 g: — Coconut oil — 20 g; — Non-nano zinc oxide (physical UV filter) — 15 g; — Dry cardamom extract — 2 g; — Lavender hydrolate — 60 g; — Plant-derived emulsifier — 3 g. Heat the oil with the emulsifier to 60 °C, separately heat the aqueous phase (hydrolate) to the same temperature. Combine the phases, gradually add zinc oxide, then cardamom extract. Mix until a homogeneous emulsion is obtained. Package in opaque packaging.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Sunscreen Lotion): Store at a temperature of 5 to 20 °C, in a tightly closed bottle made of opaque plastic or glass. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight. Shelf life — up to 90 days. After opening, use within 30 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Elettaria cardamomum

Elettaria cardamomum demonstrates a high level of biological safety upon oral and external use. Acute toxicity studies indicate extremely low toxicity of the main components of the plant, including essential oil and seed extracts. In animal experiments (mice, rats), it was established that oral administration of Elettaria cardamomum extract does not cause lethal outcomes at doses up to 5000 mg/kg body weight, which is classified as a practically non-toxic substance (Category V according to EPA classification).

LD₅₀ (oral, rats): > 5000 mg/kg. LD₅₀ (oral, mice): > 3500 mg/kg. LD₅₀ (intraperitoneal, mice): data are absent, but at administration up to 1000 mg/kg, no signs of toxicity were observed.

Observations with long-term intake of cardamom extract in experimental animals did not reveal signs of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, changes in reproductive function, or carcinogenic effects.

Dermatological tests with external use of oil and cream forms containing cardamom essential oil at a concentration of up to 1% did not reveal sensitizing or phototoxic effects.

Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Pharmacodynamics — Elettaria cardamomum

Elettaria cardamomum is a spice-flavored and medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacodynamic activity, due to the rich content of essential oils (mainly 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, sabinene), flavonoids, phenolic carboxylic acids, sterols, and tannins. Biological activity covers a modulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, skin, and respiratory tract.

One of the key directions of action of cardamom extracts and essential oil is the effect on the smooth muscles of the digestive tract. A decrease in tone and spastic activity is noted due to the interaction of terpene components with calcium channels and muscarinic receptors. This provides a mild spasmolytic and carminative effect with a predominantly local level of realization.

Cardamom essential oil demonstrates pronounced antiseptic and antimicrobial properties, associated with the destruction of bacterial membranes and inhibition of the activity of enzymes involved in microbial metabolism. Studies show the activity of components against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as individual strains of yeast fungi. The mechanism is realized both locally and systemically when taken orally or applied externally.

Antioxidant action has been confirmed by a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species and an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in experimental models. Such effects are associated with the presence of flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds capable of direct neutralizing interaction with free radicals, as well as mediated regulation of redox homeostasis through activation of Nrf2 signaling pathways.

Pharmacodynamic effects on the nervous system are expressed in sedative and anxiolytic action, which is probably associated with modulation of GABAergic transmission and regulation of dopamine and serotonin levels in limbic structures. Individual terpenes, such as α-terpineol and linalool, are considered as ligands of GABA receptors, contributing to a decrease in CNS excitability and regulation of autonomic tone.

Endocrine effects of cardamom have been studied to a limited extent; however, a decrease in blood glucose and lipid levels has been found in a number of preclinical models, which is associated with modulation of insulin sensitivity, suppression of α-glucosidase activity, and an effect on PPARγ receptor expression. These data require additional clinical validation but confirm the systemic nature of the action.

Local application of oil forms has a keratolytic, soothing, and antipruritic effect on the skin, partially due to inhibition of the synthesis of inflammation mediators, such as prostaglandins and interleukins. With transdermal application, the essential oil penetrates the epidermis and dermis, interacting with TRP channels and free nerve endings, which provides an analgesic and cooling effect.

The pharmacodynamic effects of cardamom are multi-level and are realized both through direct interaction with biomolecules and through mediated regulation of signaling pathways, enzymes, and receptor systems. This explains the multi-target orientation of the drug and its pharmacological profile within the framework of natural therapy.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25561811/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2225411014000838
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8192001/

Pharmacokinetics — Elettaria cardamomum

The pharmacokinetics of the biologically active components of Elettaria cardamomum is characterized by the specificity of absorption, distribution, and excretion, depending on the form of administration and the chemical nature of the substances. The main active agents of cardamom include essential oils (cineole, α-terpineol, sabinene), flavonoids, steroids, phenolic acids, and tannins. These compounds demonstrate different absorption and biodistribution profiles.

Upon oral administration of powder or extracts, absorption of essential oils and flavonoids occurs mainly in the small intestine. Terpenes as lipophilic substances rapidly pass through enterocyte membranes, partially undergoing presystemic metabolism in the liver (first-pass effect). Flavonoids and phenolic acids undergo phase II conjugation (glucuronidation, sulfation), which reduces their activity but ensures systemic distribution in the form of metabolites.

With transdermal application, the essential oil penetrates the stratum corneum and accumulates in the lipid fractions of the epidermis and dermis. The maximum concentration is observed 1–2 hours after application. Substances are distributed through lymphatic capillaries and partially enter the systemic circulation. This route of administration is characteristic of oils, emulsions, and creams.

Through mucous membranes (oral cavity, respiratory tract), components are rapidly resorbed, bypassing the first-pass effect. With inhalation administration (for example, aromatherapy), cineole and other terpenes are absorbed by the alveoli of the lungs, reaching the systemic circulation within 10–20 minutes. Metabolism is carried out in the liver with the participation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, mainly CYP2C9 and CYP3A4.

Metabolites of most cardamom components are excreted by the kidneys in the form of conjugates (glucuronides, sulfates) and with bile, especially lipophilic fractions. A small amount of volatile substances may be excreted through the lungs and skin. Use of cardamom-based preparations is not accompanied by accumulation in tissues at recommended dosages.

With local use (lotions, masks, shampoos), systemic absorption is minimal, and pharmacokinetics is limited to action at the level of the skin and sebaceous glands. The high volatility of essential components contributes to their evaporation from the surface of the skin and mucous membranes, reducing the risk of systemic accumulation.

Thus, the pharmacokinetics of Elettaria cardamomum is determined by the form of administration and the biochemical nature of the components. Essential oils are rapidly absorbed and metabolized, while phenolic compounds have a longer duration of action due to stable metabolites and the ability for tissue binding.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://link.springer.com/arti...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Elettaria cardamomum

The mechanisms of action of the biologically active components of Elettaria cardamomum are realized through multi-level interaction with receptor, enzyme, and cellular targets, which reflects the polyfunctional nature of the phytotherapeutic potential of this taxon. The main pharmacologically active substances include mono- and sesquiterpenes (cineole, α-terpineol, sabinene), phenolic compounds, flavonoids, sterols, and tannins. These components demonstrate a high degree of biological activity, confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies.

Cardamom essential oil, rich in oxygenated terpenoids, exhibits antimicrobial and antifungal activity through disruption of the integrity of microbial cell membranes and inhibition of enzymes involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Under conditions of inflammatory stimulation, it has been established that cineole and α-terpineol suppress the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 synthesis, reducing the activity of cascades activated by the factor NF-κB. This is accompanied by a decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), which indicates an anti-inflammatory mechanism through modulation of immune cells, mainly macrophages and neutrophils.

Cardamom affects the body's antioxidant system by increasing the activity of key enzymes — superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. This is mediated by activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, responsible for antioxidant cellular defense. Flavonoids and phenolic acids contained in cardamom have the ability to neutralize free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation, especially under conditions of oxidative stress.

The modulating effect on the central nervous system is realized through the interaction of terpenes with GABA-A receptors, contributing to the enhancement of inhibitory processes in neurons. α-Terpineol and linalool demonstrate sedative and anxiolytic action, confirmed by a decrease in behavioral responses in animal anxiety tests. Neurochemical analysis showed regulation of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine levels in the limbic system, which explains the effect of cardamom on autonomic balance.

An additional mechanism is the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity, which reduces the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and contributes to the stabilization of carbohydrate homeostasis. An effect on PPARγ receptors, which play a role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, has also been noted. These effects are confirmed by a decrease in the expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes with chronic administration of cardamom extracts in preclinical models.

In the respiratory system, essential oil stimulates mucociliary clearance and has a bronchodilatory effect through relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. The mechanism includes inhibition of L-type calcium channels and a decrease in acetylcholine release, which provides a local antiseptic and expectorant effect.

The combination of these mechanisms indicates a systemic, predominantly regulatory and modulating effect of Elettaria cardamomum components on key biochemical and cellular processes involved in maintaining homeostasis. These data are based on verified pharmacological publications and are confirmed by the results of the analysis of the biological activity of the components in various models.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Synergy — Elettaria cardamomum

Pharmacological synergy of Elettaria cardamomum with other plant and natural substances has received experimental confirmation in a number of areas, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and sedative action. Studies show a potentiating and modulating nature of interactions, due to the similarity of targets of action and complementary biochemical activity of the components.

Combined use of cardamom with turmeric (Curcuma longa) demonstrates a pronounced enhancement of antioxidant effect due to additive increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes. The combination enhances the expression of genes regulated by Nrf2, which provides cellular protection against oxidative stress.

In combination with ginger (Zingiber officinale) and black pepper (Piper nigrum), cardamom contributes to the potentiation of the anti-inflammatory response, including a decrease in the expression of COX-2, iNOS, and the production of IL-1β, TNF-α. In vivo studies demonstrate a decrease in serum levels of inflammation mediators and a reduction in tissue edema. The effect is realized at the systemic level, with the participation of immune cells and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Aromatic synergy with lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) enhances the sedative effect of cardamom, confirmed by a decrease in the frequency of EEG peaks and behavioral activity. The combined effect on GABA receptors and aromatic receptors enhances anxiolytic activity by increasing the density of receptor stimulation.

Synergy with green tea (Camellia sinensis) has also been shown when using extracts: cardamom stabilizes tea polyphenols, preventing their oxidation and enhancing the antioxidant potential of the mixture. In this combination, an increase in the total redox potential is observed, which is confirmed by in vitro methods (DPPH, FRAP).

The combination of cardamom with aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) in external forms (emulsions, creams) demonstrates an increase in keratolytic and antiseptic effects, especially when acting on the skin, due to modulation of skin inflammation mediators and an increase in epidermal permeability to lipophilic terpenes.

Thus, Elettaria cardamomum participates in proven synergistic interactions with a number of phytocomponents, demonstrating potentiation of effects through common signaling pathways, enzyme and receptor targets. These data are confirmed by biochemical and pharmacological methods of analysis.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://link.springer.com/arti...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Elettaria cardamomum

Elettaria cardamomum is one of the oldest cultivated taxa, actively used in the traditions of South Asia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Eastern Mediterranean. Historically, it originates from the Malabar region in southwestern India, where it was known as a spice and medicinal plant even during the time of Ancient India. The first recorded references to the use of cardamom as a medicinal remedy are found in the "Ayurvedic Samhitas" (around the 1st millennium BC), where it was described as a plant that cleanses the body and breath. Cardamom was also included in the formulations of ancient Chinese medicine and was mentioned in Persian medical works of the Sassanid period.

In the folk medicine of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, cardamom seeds were used in the form of dry powders, decoctions, tinctures, and as part of oil compositions. Traditional methods included coatings, steam inhalations, and aromatic rubs on the chest area. In Tibetan medicine, it was mentioned as a plant affecting the balance between life winds and inner fire. In Arab culture, cardamom was used not only as a spice but also as a component of aromatic smoking mixtures known as "bakhoor," and was considered a plant that purifies the atmosphere and the body. Its seeds were used in olfactory rituals associated with cleansing space and enhancing mental clarity.

In the territory of Ethiopia and Somalia, cardamom was used in medicinal mixtures prepared by grinding the seeds and infusing them on hot coals — the resulting smoke was inhaled through special tubes as part of purification ceremonies. Among the peoples of East Africa, it was considered a plant of strength and was used in initiation rites. In the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula, cardamom was used in ritual practice accompanying childbirth and the purification of women after the completion of lochia.

In traditional Thai medicine, cardamom is known as กระวาน (kra wan) and is part of cleansing and stimulating formulas. It was used in the form of infusions and alcoholic extracts in massage compositions, as well as in smoking mixtures, where the seeds were ignited and slowly smoldered in ceramic vessels. In Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese village practice, cardamom seeds were placed in amulets or bags hung over the beds of newborns as a remedy against the evil eye and for "aromatic protection." In these same regions, it was used as an element of ritual steam used during weddings, funerals, and exorcisms of evil spirits.

The Slavic tradition does not show a deep rootedness of cardamom; however, in the 19th–20th centuries, it began to be part of folk remedies borrowed from Eastern practice, especially in the merchant environment, where it was used in the form of infusions and rubs.

Thus, Elettaria cardamomum is a widely recognized plant with a rich ethnomedical history and universal cultural significance, covering both medicinal and ritual-protective forms of use.