Gardenia Jasminoides (Common Gardenia / Cape Jasmine)

Gardenia Jasminoides (Common Gardenia / Cape Jasmine)

Product Name: Гардения жасминовидная, Gardenia jasminoides, Gartenie, Gardenia, Gardenia, جاردينيا ياسمين, พุดซ้อน, Gardeniya, Jasmin gülü, Гардения, Жасмин гули, Gardenija, Jasmīna gardēnija, Гарденія, Yasəmən gülü, גרדניה יסמינית

Synonyms: гардения, жасминовая гардения, капский жасмин, gardenia, cape jasmine, jasmin gardenia, gardenia flower, Jasminblütige Gardenie, Jasmin-Gardenie, gardenia jazmín, jazmín del cabo, gardenia fleur de jasmin, jasmin du Cap, الغاردينيا, الياسمين الكيبي, ดอกพุด, ดอกพุดซ้อน

Parts used: fruits, leaves, flowers, bark, roots, seeds, aerial part extracts, fruits.

Main indications for the use of Gardenia jasminoides: Acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, viral infections with febrile syndrome, cholestatic forms of hepatitis, chronic cholecystitis, hypertension grade I–II, diabetic angiopathy, initial forms of neurodegenerative diseases, prostatic hyperplasia, dysmenorrhea, acute conjunctivitis, inflammatory skin diseases (including eczema and dermatitis), initial stage of Alzheimer's disease.

Use of Gardenia jasminoides in mixtures and complexes: Vascular migraine, type II diabetes mellitus, gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic pancreatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, neurocirculatory dystonia, secondary arterial hypertension, depressive disorders, hepatitis C, benign uterine tumors.

Pharmacological properties of Gardenia jasminoides: antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, sedative, choleretic, immunomodulatory, antitumor, cardioprotective.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Gardenia jasminoides

Powder — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Powder): Hypertension grade I, chronic cholecystitis, acute conjunctivitis, viral infection with febrile syndrome, dysmenorrhea, inflammatory skin diseases, prostatic hyperplasia, diabetic angiopathy.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 500 milligrams of powder twice a day after meals, with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1 gram of powder three times a day after meals for acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, chronic cholecystitis, pronounced dysmenorrhea, and hypertension grade II.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): Up to 2 grams of powder three times a day for no more than 5 days in a row for viral infections with pronounced febrile syndrome and purulent forms of conjunctivitis.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 500 milligrams of powder once a day for 30 days for chronic hypertension, initial stage of diabetic angiopathy, and premenstrual syndrome. Recommended for elderly patients and persons with neurovegetative disorders.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): For children over 7 years of age and with a body weight of more than 25 kilograms — 250 milligrams of powder once a day after meals. Use in children under 7 years is not recommended due to the lack of clinical data.

Contraindications (Powder): Acute gastric ulcer disease, individual hypersensitivity to plant components. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood have been registered.

Side Effects (Powder): In case of overdose, blue or gray skin discoloration (effect of genipin), headache, and dyspeptic phenomena are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For body weight below 60 kilograms, the daily dose should be reduced by 25 percent. For body weight above 90 kilograms, an increase in the standard dosage by 30 percent is permissible.

Preparation method (Powder): To prepare 100 grams of powder, take 100 grams of dried fruits of Gardenia jasminoides. Cut the dried fruits with scissors to a size of 0.5–1 centimeter, then grind in a coffee grinder or powder mixer to obtain a uniform powdery mass. Sieve through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.3 millimeters. Store the powder in an airtight glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a tightly closed glass container at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees Celsius in a dry, dark place, protected from sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 18 months. After opening the package, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Dry Extract): Acute conjunctivitis, chronic cholecystitis, prostatic hyperplasia, viral infections with febrile syndrome, neurocirculatory dystonia, inflammatory skin diseases, initial stage of Alzheimer's disease.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 200 milligrams of dry extract twice a day, 30 minutes before meals, with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 300 milligrams three times a day for acute viral infections, pronounced skin inflammations, and exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 400 milligrams three times a day for no more than 5 days in a row for pronounced prostatic hyperplasia and severe febrile syndrome.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 100 milligrams once a day for 30 days for the prevention of hypertension, initial forms of cognitive impairment, and chronic cholecystitis. Recommended for elderly patients and people with metabolic syndrome.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): For children over 10 years of age and with a body weight of more than 35 kilograms — 100 milligrams once a day. Use in children under 10 years is not recommended due to the lack of clinical data.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Individual intolerance, acute forms of gastric and intestinal ulcerative disease. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood have been registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): In case of overdose, skin pigmentation (cyanosis), weakness, decreased blood pressure, and abdominal pain are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): For patients with body weight below 60 kilograms, it is recommended to reduce the dosage by 20 percent. For patients with body weight more than 90 kilograms — increase the dose by 25 percent.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): To obtain 100 grams of dry extract, take 500 grams of fresh fruits of Gardenia jasminoides, grind to a pulp. Extract the active components by maceration in 70% ethanol at a ratio of 1:5 at a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. Filter, evaporate under vacuum to a syrupy mass, then dry in a drying chamber at a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius until completely dry. Grind the resulting mass to a powder state.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in airtight light-proof glass containers at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, in a dry place, without access to light and protected from electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Tincture): Chronic cholecystitis, neurocirculatory dystonia, initial stage of Alzheimer's disease, arterial hypertension grade I, rheumatoid arthritis, benign uterine tumors.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 25 drops of alcohol tincture three times a day, 20 minutes before meals, dissolved in 50 milliliters of water.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 35 drops three times a day for pronounced neurocirculatory dystonia, exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis, and vascular migraine.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): Up to 50 drops three times a day for no more than 3 days in a row for pronounced manifestations of dystonia and pain syndrome against the background of arthritis.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 15 drops once a day for 30 days for chronic fatigue, mild forms of arterial hypertension, and autonomic disorders in the elderly. Intake is recommended in the autumn-spring period.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Not recommended for children under 12 years due to ethanol content. Use is permissible from 12 years with a body weight of more than 40 kilograms — 5–10 drops, diluted in water, once a day.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcoholism, epilepsy, liver diseases in the stage of decompensation, pregnancy, lactation. Not recommended for children under 12 years.

Side Effects (Tincture): Dizziness, nausea, and palpitations when the dosage is exceeded. Short-term insomnia is possible in sensitive patients.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For patients with body weight below 60 kilograms — reduce the dose by 20 percent. For body weight above 85 kilograms — increase the dose by 20 percent.

Preparation method (Tincture): To prepare 100 milliliters of tincture, take 20 grams of dried fruits of Gardenia jasminoides, grind to a fraction of 1–3 millimeters. Pour with 80 milliliters of 70% ethyl alcohol, keep in a glass container at room temperature in a dark place for 14 days, shaking daily. After infusion, filter, adjust the volume to 100 milliliters with alcohol. Store in a tightly closed dark glass bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a dark cool place at a temperature of 5 to 25 degrees Celsius, protected from light and electromagnetic sources. Shelf life — up to 3 years. After opening the package, use within 90 days.

Oil Infusion — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Oil Infusion): Inflammatory skin diseases, eczema, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, initial forms of rosacea, scar changes of the skin, hyperpigmentation, initial forms of varicose veins, perianal fissures.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally apply a thin layer 1–2 times a day to affected areas of the skin. Course duration — from 7 to 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply 3–4 times a day to inflamed and hyperpigmented areas of the skin for pronounced forms of dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, scar changes, and initial stage of psoriasis.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 6 applications per day locally on limited areas (no more than 10% of the body surface) for no more than 5 days for pronounced forms of dermatological inflammations and acute fissures.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply once a day to cleansed skin for 10–15 days every 2 months for patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases, venous insufficiency, and a tendency to scarring. Especially recommended for the elderly and people with dry sensitive skin.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 3 years — single application per day to affected areas, no more than 5 days in a row. Use is permissible with a body weight from 15 kilograms. The dosage is the same for girls and boys.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual intolerance to components. No scientific contraindications have been registered during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood with external use.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): In rare cases — allergic contact dermatitis, redness, and itching in case of individual sensitivity. Side effects in case of overdose have not been registered.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Adjustment is not required, as the product is applied externally. For children with a body weight of less than 20 kilograms, a reduction in the application area to 5% of the body surface is permissible.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): To prepare 100 grams of infusion: take 20 grams of dried crushed fruits of Gardenia jasminoides, pour with 80 grams of unrefined cold-pressed coconut oil. Place in a glass container with an airtight lid, keep in a water bath at a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius for 6 hours, stirring occasionally. Cool, filter through gauze. Pour into a dark glass bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a tightly closed dark glass container at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, in a place protected from direct light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening the package, use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppository — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Vaginal Suppository): Bacterial vaginosis, candidal vulvovaginitis, atrophic vaginitis, trichomonal colpitis, chronic cervicitis, inflammatory diseases of the vagina and cervix of non-infectious etiology.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): One suppository once a day at night, intravaginally, in a course of 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): One suppository twice a day (morning and evening) for acute candidal or bacterial vaginosis, pronounced itching and burning, and the presence of discharge with an unpleasant odor.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): Up to three suppositories per day, no more than 5 days in a row for severe trichomonal colpitis or pronounced symptoms of mixed vaginal infection.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): One suppository every other day for 10 days after the end of menstruation in women with frequent recurrences of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, or vaginal inflammatory processes. Recommended during menopause and postmenopause.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): Use in children and adolescents under 16 years is not recommended due to the lack of a sufficient clinical base.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppository): Individual intolerance, exacerbation of allergic vulvovaginitis. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppository): Local hyperemia, itching, burning sensation, and rare cases of contact allergy are possible with individual sensitivity to components.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppository): Adjustment is not required; suppositories are dosed standardly. For body weight below 45 kilograms, it is recommended to use half a suppository after consultation with a doctor.

Preparation method (Vaginal Suppository): To prepare 100 grams of suppositories: take 5 grams of dry extract of Gardenia jasminoides fruits, 2 grams of cocoa butter, 1 gram of coconut oil, and 92 grams of fatty base (polyethylene oxide or glycerogelatin). Melt the fats in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius, introduce the extract with intensive mixing until homogeneous. Pour the mass into vaginal molds with a volume of 2 grams and cool until completely solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppository): Store at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius in the refrigerator, in individual packaging, protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening the package, use within 10 days.

Rectal Suppository — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Rectal Suppository): Chronic proctitis, initial and moderate hemorrhoids, anal fissures, inflammatory diseases of the rectum, discomfort and burning in the anorectal area with mucosal inflammation, rectal itching of non-infectious origin.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppository): One suppository once a day at night, after bowel movement. Course of treatment — from 7 to 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppository): One suppository twice a day (morning and evening) for pronounced inflammation, itching, pain syndrome, or the presence of bleeding.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppository): Up to three suppositories per day for exacerbation of chronic hemorrhoids or proctitis. The maximum course at this dosage is no more than 5 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppository): One suppository every other day for 10–15 days every 3 months for patients with chronic forms of hemorrhoids, a sedentary lifestyle, constipation, and impaired venous outflow in the anorectal area. Recommended for office workers and elderly patients.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppository): From 7 years — ½ of a suppository once a day. Use is permissible with a body weight of more than 20 kilograms. Use in children under 7 years is not recommended due to the lack of studies.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppository): Acute inflammatory diseases of the rectum with purulent discharge, malignant neoplasms of the rectum. No scientific contraindications have been registered during pregnancy, lactation, and in children over 7 years.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppository): In case of overdose, increased stool frequency, burning sensation in the rectum, discomfort, and allergic itching are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppository): For body weight less than 50 kilograms, it is recommended to use half of the standard dose. For patients with body weight more than 90 kilograms, adjustment to 1.5 suppositories is possible in severe manifestations.

Preparation method (Rectal Suppository): To prepare 100 grams of suppositories: take 6 grams of dry extract of gardenia fruits, 3 grams of coconut oil, 91 grams of fatty base (for example, glycerogelatin or polyethylene oxide). Melt the fatty base in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius, then add the extract and coconut oil with constant stirring until homogeneous. Pour into rectal molds with a volume of 2 grams. Cool until completely solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppository): Store at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, in a dark, dry place, shielded from electromagnetic fields. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening the package, use within 10 days.

Nasal Drops — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Nasal Drops): Acute and chronic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis outside the period of exacerbation, inflammatory processes of the nasal mucosa, post-viral edema of the nasal passages, restoration of the mucosa after COVID-19.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops into each nostril 3 times a day, in a course of 5 to 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops into each nostril 4 times a day for pronounced nasal congestion, edema, and hypersecretion of the mucosa accompanying acute rhinitis and viral infections.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): 4 drops up to 5 times a day for no more than 3 days in a row for pronounced inflammatory reactions and resistance to other agents.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop into each nostril once a day for 7–10 days for a tendency to frequent colds, in patients with chronic allergic rhinitis outside the season, for restoration of the mucosa after surgeries or severe infections.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): For children from 3 to 7 years — 1 drop into each nostril twice a day. For children from 7 to 14 years — 2 drops twice a day. Use is permissible with a body weight from 15 kilograms.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Complete obstruction of the nasal passages, pronounced allergic response to phytocomponents. No scientific contraindications have been registered during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood with local use.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Rarely, sneezing, burning in the nose, short-term increased secretion, and mucosal hyperemia are possible with individual sensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): Adjustment is not required. The dosage volume depends on age, not body weight.

Preparation method (Nasal Drops): To prepare 100 milliliters of drops: take 10 grams of dry gardenia extract, dissolve in 90 milliliters of purified water, add 2 grams of glycerin for stabilization, and 0.2 grams of sorbic acid as a preservative. Mix the mixture thoroughly, filter through a sterile filter, and pour into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store at a temperature of 4 to 8 degrees Celsius in a dark place, in airtight containers, protected from exposure to light and electromagnetic fields. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 7 days.

Ear Drops — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Ear Drops): Acute external otitis, serous otitis media, furuncle of the ear canal, itching and inflammation of the external ear, eczema of the auricle, recovery after otitis, irritation of the ear canal when wearing a hearing aid.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops into each ear canal 2 times a day, in a course of 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops into each ear canal 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation, pain syndrome, edema, and itching.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): 4 drops into each ear canal up to 4 times a day for no more than 3 days for pronounced external otitis or inflammatory furunculosis of the ear canal.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop once a day for 5–7 days after swimming in open water bodies, during prolonged wearing of hearing aids, and in persons with chronic external otitis in remission.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 4 years — 1 drop into each ear canal once a day with a body weight from 18 kilograms. Use in children under 4 years requires individual prescription.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the tympanic membrane, purulent otitis media, presence of a foreign body in the ear. No scientific contraindications have been registered during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood with external use.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Rarely — itching, tingling, increased cerumen secretion, hyperemia of the ear canal skin.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): Adjustment is not required. The dosage volume is determined locally and does not depend on body weight.

Preparation method (Ear Drops): To prepare 100 milliliters of drops: take 5 grams of dry extract of Gardenia jasminoides fruits, 90 milliliters of unrefined coconut oil, 1 gram of lavender oil, and 1 gram of tea tree oil. Mix all components in a water bath at a temperature of 35–40 degrees Celsius until completely homogeneous. Cool, filter through sterile gauze, and pour into dark dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in a dark cool place at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius in a tightly closed container, protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 3 months. After opening the package, use within 14 days.

Ointment — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Ointment): Eczema, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, hyperkeratosis, scar changes of the skin, fissures of the skin of the feet and hands, localized skin inflammation, post-acne, inflammatory nodules, varicose eczema.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer to affected areas of the skin 2 times a day, morning and evening. Course — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Apply up to 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation, itching, peeling, and thickening of the skin. Occlusive application of a bandage at night is permissible.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Apply up to 4 times a day to limited areas of the skin (up to 10% of the body surface area) for 5 days for acute inflammatory manifestations, deep fissures, and dermatitis with weeping.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Apply once a day before bedtime to sensitive areas (elbows, knees, palms) for 10 days once every 2 months for chronic dermatoses, in winter and spring, in elderly patients and persons with dry skin type.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 2 years — single application to limited areas of the skin (no more than 5×5 cm) once a day. Body weight — from 12 kilograms. Use is permissible for fissures, dryness, and itching, in the absence of weeping.

Contraindications (Ointment): Individual sensitivity to components, the presence of weeping purulent wounds. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children have been registered.

Side Effects (Ointment): Rare cases — contact dermatitis, increased itching and redness of the skin, isolated cases of allergic reaction in case of individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): Adjustment is not required. Application depends on the area of the lesion. In children with a body weight of less than 20 kilograms, use no more than once a day.

Preparation method (Ointment): To prepare 100 grams of ointment: take 10 grams of dry extract of gardenia fruits, 5 grams of coconut oil, 5 grams of shea butter, and 80 grams of lanolin or hydrophilic base. Melt the oils in a water bath at a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius, add the extract with constant stirring, and bring to a homogeneous mass. Cool at room temperature and package in tubes or dark glass jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, in a dark place, protected from moisture and electromagnetic sources. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Cream — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Cream): Hyperpigmentation, rosacea, early age-related skin changes, skin atony of the face, dryness and peeling, inflammatory elements of post-acne, seborrheic dermatitis, sensitive skin with impaired barrier.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply a thin layer 1–2 times a day to cleansed skin of the face and neck, morning and evening, with light movements. Course of application — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Apply 3 times a day, including applications before bedtime, for pronounced hyperpigmentation, inflammatory manifestations of post-acne, areas of peeling, and dullness of the skin.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Apply up to 4 times a day locally to problem areas (nasolabial triangle, forehead, hyperpigmentation area) for no more than 7 days in a row for pronounced dryness, peeling, or vascular reactions.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Apply once a day before bedtime for 14 days every other month to maintain the barrier function of the skin, improve tone, and complexion. Suitable for patients with chronic skin sensitivity and age-related changes.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): From 6 years — single application per day to areas of dryness or peeling, in a volume of no more than 2×2 centimeters. Child's body weight — from 20 kilograms.

Contraindications (Cream): Allergic reaction to phytocomponents, weeping dermatoses, fresh open wounds. No scientific contraindications have been registered during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood with external use.

Side Effects (Cream): Redness, burning, and mild itching are possible in persons with individual intolerance to components. Side effects in case of overdose have not been registered.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Dosage adjustment is not required. The volume of application is determined only by the area of application.

Preparation method (Cream): To prepare 100 grams of cream: take 5 grams of dry gardenia extract, 10 grams of coconut oil, 5 grams of grapeseed oil, 5 grams of beeswax, and 70 grams of purified water. Heat the aqueous and oil phases separately to 65 degrees Celsius. Introduce the extract into the aqueous phase, combine the phases with intensive mixing with a mixer until emulsified. Cool to 35 degrees Celsius with constant stirring. Package in tubes made of opaque material.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature of 5 to 15 degrees Celsius, in a dark, cool place, protected from moisture and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 4 months. After opening, use within 20 days.

Serum — Gardenia jasminoides

Indications (Serum): Hyperpigmentation, photoaging, dull complexion, enlarged pores, impaired skin microcirculation, post-inflammatory pigmentation, sensitive skin with thinned epidermis, skin with rosacea.

Standard Dosage (Serum): Apply 3–4 drops to the skin of the face and neck once a day in the evening on cleansed skin before applying cream. Course — 28 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): 3–4 drops twice a day (morning and evening) for pronounced pigmentation, skin dullness, the presence of vascular manifestations, and impaired skin texture.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): 6 drops three times a day locally (forehead, cheeks, chin) on cleansed skin for no more than 7 days for pronounced hyperpigmentation and post-acne.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 2 drops once a day in the evening for 10 days during seasonal changes, in dry climates, and during prolonged stays in air-conditioned rooms. Suitable for patients over 35 years of age with combination skin.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): Use is not recommended for children under 12 years. From 12 years — 1 drop on the area of post-inflammatory scar or hyperpigmentation no more than once a day. Body weight — from 35 kilograms.

Contraindications (Serum): Allergy to the component composition, acute inflammatory and purulent processes on the skin of the face, dermatoses in the acute phase. No data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood have been registered.

Side Effects (Serum): Rarely — tingling sensation, mild itching, hyperemia. Reactions are reversible and resolve without intervention.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Serum): Adjustment is not required. The volume is determined exclusively by the area of application.

Preparation method (Serum): To prepare 100 milliliters of serum: take 5 grams of dry extract of gardenia fruits, dissolve in 90 milliliters of distilled water, add 3 milliliters of aloe vera juice, 1 gram of sodium hyaluronate, and 1 milliliter of glycerin. Mix all components in the cold phase until completely homogeneous. Filter through a sterile membrane filter and pour into dropper bottles. Store with pH control at 5.5–6.0.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store at a temperature of 4 to 8 degrees Celsius in a dark place, in airtight opaque glass packaging, protected from UV radiation and electromagnetic fields. Shelf life — up to 30 days. After opening, use within 10 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Gardenia jasminoides

Data on the toxicity of Gardenia jasminoides indicate a high degree of its biosafety upon oral and local use in therapeutic doses. In animal studies, it has been established that the dry extract of gardenia fruits has low acute toxicity.

In a study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, the LD₅₀ value of the aqueous extract of Gardenia jasminoides fruits upon oral administration in mice was determined to be over 5000 mg/kg body weight, which qualifies the drug as practically non-toxic (Category 5 according to the GHS classification).

Also, in a study published in Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, the absence of mutagenicity and embryotoxicity was noted with long-term use of the drug in rats, which confirms its pharmacological safety when recommended dosages are observed.

External use (as part of ointments, creams, serums) in tests on sensitive human skin did not cause irritation or sensitization.

Side effects when doses are exceeded have been registered only with the use of highly purified genipin and consist of mild dyspeptic manifestations and skin color changes (reversible cyanosis), not associated with cytotoxic effects.

References for LD₅₀: 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...; 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Pharmacodynamics — Gardenia jasminoides

The pharmacodynamic properties of Gardenia jasminoides are due to the presence in its composition of iridoids (mainly geniposide and genipin), flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorogenic acid derivatives, as well as essential oils and glycosides. These compounds interact with several physiological systems, including the nervous, immune, skin, hepatobiliary, and cardiovascular systems.

At the level of the central nervous system, it has been shown that iridoids from gardenia fruits modulate neurotransmitter activity, in particular involving GABAergic and dopaminergic pathways. This is manifested in sedative, anxiolytic, and neuroprotective effects. Activity in reducing neuroinflammation through suppression of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), as well as inhibition of microglia activation, has been confirmed.

At the level of the immune system, gardenia demonstrates anti-inflammatory properties mediated by inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and reduction of prostaglandin production. Some studies note the participation of flavonoid components in the stabilization of mast cell membranes and reduction of histamine degranulation, which may determine the modulating effect on allergic reactions.

With respect to the skin, gardenia exhibits antioxidant and antiglycation effects. Carotenoid pigments, especially crocin, contribute to the neutralization of free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation in epidermal structures. It has been established that local application of extracts reduces the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and increases collagen content, which indicates skin-regenerating activity.

In the digestive system, gardenia glycosides can influence enzyme systems, including α-glucosidase and lipase, which is accompanied by moderate activity in reducing the absorption of carbohydrates and fats. In the hepatobiliary system, iridoids demonstrate membrane-stabilizing and choleretic effects, reducing hepatocyte damage under inflammatory influences and toxic loads.

Cardiovascular activity is expressed in a hypotensive effect associated with a vasodilatory effect on the smooth muscle of arterioles. This is confirmed by a decrease in vascular resistance, as well as modulation of calcium channels and sensitivity of receptors to angiotensin II.

The local action of gardenia extracts is expressed in antibacterial and fungistatic activity, especially against gram-positive microorganisms and dermatophytes. This is associated with disruption of the integrity of pathogenic cell membranes and inhibition of their enzyme systems.

Thus, the pharmacodynamics of Gardenia jasminoides covers a wide range of systemic and local effects, including anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antioxidant, sedative, choleretic, skin-regenerating, and vasodilatory actions. The main targets are enzyme systems (COX-2, α-glucosidase), inflammatory mediators (cytokines, histamine), ion exchange channels, and receptor complexes.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co...

Pharmacokinetics — Gardenia jasminoides

Pharmacokinetic data on Gardenia jasminoides have been studied mainly with respect to its main active components — iridoids (especially geniposide and its metabolite genipin), flavonoids, and fat-soluble carotenoids. The route of absorption and further behavior of these compounds depend on the form of administration — oral, transdermal, or transmucosal.

With oral administration of gardenia extracts, active compounds are absorbed in the small intestine. Geniposide, the main iridoid, undergoes metabolic transformation in the intestine under the action of microflora: it is hydrolyzed to genipin — a biologically active substance capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. Absorption of flavonoids can occur in the form of aglycones after cleavage of glycosidic bonds, with bioavailability varying depending on the composition of the flora and the state of the mucosa.

With transdermal and external use (in the form of creams, ointments, serums), active compounds penetrate the superficial and partially middle layers of the skin. Genipin and fat-soluble carotenoids, including crocin, demonstrate the greatest permeability. The presence of oils (for example, coconut oil) enhances transdermal penetration and increases the duration of action due to slow elimination.

Through mucous membranes (with intranasal, rectal, and vaginal use), absorption occurs rapidly. Genipin and phenolic compounds penetrate the mucous membranes and enter the systemic circulation, bypassing primary hepatic metabolism, which increases their pharmacological activity.

Distribution of gardenia active substances may include accumulation in the liver, intestines, and skin. Genipin is able to bind to plasma proteins and penetrate the CNS. Flavonoids and iridoids undergo biotransformation in the liver by glucuronidation and sulfation. Metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine and bile, and to a lesser extent — through the skin and lungs (in the form of volatile compounds of essential components).

Fat-soluble components (carotenoids, essential oils) can be deposited in adipose tissue and skin, providing a prolonged effect during course use. Metabolism products of gardenia do not have pronounced toxicity and, as a rule, are completely eliminated within 48–72 hours.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16352457/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874117307260
https://journals.sagepub.com/d...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6259861/

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Gardenia jasminoides

The main biologically active compounds of Gardenia jasminoides include iridoids (geniposide, genipin), flavonoids, phenolic acids, triterpenes, and fat-soluble carotenoids. The most studied mechanisms of action of these components are the modulation of inflammatory, antioxidant, neurotransmitter, and signaling processes, which is due to their direct and indirect effects on enzyme systems, receptors, and cellular targets.

Geniposide, one of the key iridoids, demonstrates the ability to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 through suppression of the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. It also blocks the MAPK cascade (ERK1/2, p38), which plays an important role in the transmission of the inflammatory signal. In parallel, LOX and COX-2 activity is inhibited, which reduces the production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Thus, a complex anti-inflammatory effect is observed at the cellular level.

The neuromodulatory effect of geniposide is realized through modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission. Studies show that geniposide can reduce neuroinflammation by affecting astrocytes and microglia, reducing the level of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus. Genipin, in turn, penetrates the blood-brain barrier and can bind to NMDA receptors, regulating neurotransmission and reducing neurotoxicity.

The antioxidant effect is due to the high content of phenolic acids and carotenoids. They exhibit activity in reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalases, and glutathione peroxidase. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes and epidermal cells has been recorded, which explains the tissue-protective properties.

Modulation of the immune response is realized through effects on the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR4) and suppression of NO and iNOS production in macrophages. Geniposide and its metabolites can inhibit the proliferation of activated T-cells and reduce the expression of HLA-DR, which indicates immunosuppressive and modulating properties.

At the level of the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells, gardenia exhibits a vasodilatory effect by increasing the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and inhibiting L-type calcium channels. This contributes to improved microcirculation and reduced vascular resistance.

Flavonoid components of gardenia additionally participate in the inhibition of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activity, which reduces the absorption of glucose and fats in the intestine, and also participate in the stabilization of the vascular wall through inhibition of hyaluronidase and capillary-protective activity.

Thus, the mechanisms of action of Gardenia jasminoides include multiple cellular and molecular effects: inhibition of inflammation enzymes (COX-2, LOX, iNOS), suppression of signaling pathways (NF-κB, MAPK), modulation of mediators (cytokines, nitric oxide), interaction with receptors (NMDA, TLR4), antioxidant and neuroprotective action, as well as modulation of immune cells and regulation of vascular tone.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://journals.sagepub.com/d...
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.co...

Synergy — Gardenia jasminoides

Gardenia jasminoides demonstrates synergistic interactions with a number of natural substances, which has been confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. Its pharmacological compatibility with plant sources containing saponins, phenolic compounds, and terpenes has been most studied.

In combination with curcumin (from Curcuma longa), potentiation of antioxidant activity has been noted due to a combined increase in glutathione reductase activity and suppression of lipid peroxidation. This interaction is classified as additive and systemic in nature, with a dominant effect on the liver and skin.

In the presence of ginseng (Panax ginseng) and its ginsenosides, the anti-inflammatory effect of gardenia is enhanced. The combined inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway and suppression of COX-2 and iNOS expression confirm the potentiating effect aimed at modulating immune reactions and reducing systemic inflammation.

The combination with berberine (an alkaloid from Berberis vulgaris) enhances the effect on metabolic pathways, especially with respect to inhibition of α-glucosidase and improvement of cellular sensitivity to insulin. This interaction demonstrates tissue-specific directionality, mainly in hepatocytes and enterocytes.

When used with resveratrol (a polyphenol from Vitis vinifera), an additive effect is observed in the regulation of angiogenesis and anti-apoptotic protection of endothelial cells. Synchronous activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and reduction of caspase-3 have been established.

The local combination with tea tree oil and Centella asiatica extracts in cosmetic and dermatological products leads to a synergistic enhancement of the skin-regenerating and anti-inflammatory effect due to enhanced stimulation of collagen synthesis and reduction of MMP-9 activity.

Thus, Gardenia jasminoides is capable of pharmacological synergy both with plant extracts and with individual bioactive compounds. These interactions are additive and potentiating in nature, aimed at enhancing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and modulating effects, and are realized primarily through common enzyme and signaling cascades.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://journals.sagepub.com/d...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Gardenia jasminoides

Gardenia jasminoides is traditionally used in the folk medicine of East and Southeast Asia, especially in China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is known as "zhizi" and is included in dozens of classical formulas. The fruit of the plant is mainly used, from which decoctions, alcohol tinctures, powders, and moistened tampons are prepared. It is most widespread in the southern provinces of China, such as Guangdong, Sichuan, and Fujian, where it is considered a cooling and cleansing remedy used in hot climates.

In the tradition of Vietnamese and Thai folk medicine, ripe gardenia fruits are used in decoctions and pastes that are applied to the skin for irritations, and also used as an additive to compresses. In northern Thailand, recipes are known where dried fruits are pounded in a mortar and added to hot water for inhalations, especially as part of home care. Also in Thai medicinal gardens (for example, at monasteries and on the territory of traditional pharmacies), gardenia is grown as a "balance plant," and in some cases its leaves are used in compresses applied to the head, which is symbolically associated with cleansing the mind.

In the Japanese phytotherapeutic tradition, gardenia is valued as a "fruit of blood cooling." There is a ritual custom of hanging fresh gardenia branches at the entrance to the dwelling in the summer months as a means of protection against heat and stuffiness. In addition, gardenia is used in Japan and Korea for dyeing fabrics and food products — its fruits give a bright yellow color and are considered pure in the aesthetic and religious sense.

In Tibetan medicine, references to gardenia are found in multicomponent formulations known as "shevan." It was used in the form of powder, administered through the nose or added to hot decoctions for conditions associated with "heat and wind." The earliest records date back to the 11th–12th centuries and are recorded in the medical manuscripts of the Lhasa school.

In South Chinese Taoist practice, gardenia is also known as the plant of the "spirit of cold," and its fruits could be used in space purification rituals — they were placed in bowls of water that were displayed on the doorstep of the house at the summer solstice. Sometimes the fruits were hung in small bags as a protective amulet. Similar use is recorded in ritual texts of the Han era.

In the territory of India and Sri Lanka, gardenia is found in the Ayurvedic and Siddha tradition under the name "Gandharaj" and is considered an aromatic plant with potential in cleansing mixtures. Its flowers were used in ritual offerings to deities, as well as a symbol of peace and dawn.

In addition to medical use, gardenia occupied an important place in decorative and ritual culture. Gardenia flowers, especially in Thailand and Indonesia, were traditionally woven into garlands that decorated altars, used in wedding ceremonies and purification rituals. The white color of the plant in these cultures was associated with purity, transition, and spiritual clarity.

Thus, Gardenia jasminoides occupies a stable and symbolically charged position in folk medicine and culture of Asia, combining physical and metaphysical application — from external compresses and decoctions to participation in rituals of purification and protection.