​Coriandrum Sativum (Сilantro)

Coriandrum Sativum (Сilantro)

Product Name: Кориандр посевной, Coriandrum sativum, Echter Koriander, Cilantro, Coriandre, كزبرة, ผักชี, Кориандр, Кинза, Кориандр, Кашнич, Каснич, Kalendra, Koriandrs, Кориандр, כוסברה

Synonyms: Кинза, кориандр огородный, китайская петрушка, cilantro, coriander, Chinese parsley, Echter Koriander, Wanzenkraut, cilantro, perejil chino, coriandre, persil arabe, كزبرة خضراء، بقدونس صيني, ผักชีลาว, ผักชีฝรั่ง

Parts Used: leaves, stems, fruits, roots.

Main Indications for Use of Coriandrum sativum: Functional dyspepsia, intestinal flatulence, irritable bowel syndrome, spastic colitis, chronic gastritis with hypersecretion, cholecystitis, hypercholesterolemia, stage I arterial hypertension, anxiety disorder, insomnia, food allergy, fungal skin lesions, mucosal candidiasis, simple acne.

Use of Coriandrum sativum in Mixtures and Complexes: Gallstone disease, hyperacid gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer, intestinal dysbiosis, chronic pancreatitis, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, secondary hypertension, prostatitis, prostate adenoma, seborrheic dermatitis, dysmenorrhea.

Pharmacological Properties of Coriandrum sativum: antioxidant, hepatoprotective, spasmolytic, carminative, sedative, analgesic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, fungistatic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, choleretic, gastroprotective, anxiolytic, antiparasitic, immunostimulating, antiseptic, insecticidal.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Coriandrum sativum

Powder — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Powder): Functional dyspepsia, intestinal flatulence, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic gastritis with hypersecretion, hypercholesterolemia, stage I arterial hypertension, anxiety disorder, insomnia, food allergy.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1.5–2 g of fruit powder twice daily, 15 minutes before meals, washed down with warm water or fennel decoction.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 3 g of fruit powder 2–3 times a day, used for pronounced spastic syndrome, gastric hypersecretion, and anxiety disorders.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): Up to 10 g per day, divided into 3 doses. Permissible for acute forms of spastic colitis and hypercholesterolemia, but no more than 7 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 1 g per day at night. Recommended for patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases, vegetative dystonia, and hypercholesterolemia. Course: 30 days, 2–3 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 6 years of age, with body weight from 20 kg — 0.5 g per day; with body weight from 30 kg — up to 1 g per day. Only under specialist supervision.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual intolerance, gastric ulcer in the exacerbation phase, gastritis with reduced acidity, pregnancy. Data on contraindications during lactation and in childhood under 6 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): In case of overdose, headache, decreased libido, intestinal atony, and sleep disturbance have been registered.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For patients with body weight below 60 kg — use the minimum dosage (1.5 g/day). For patients over 60 kg — use the standard or enhanced regimen.

Preparation Method (Powder): Coriander fruits (100 g) are dried at a temperature of 40–45 °C for 48 hours and ground to a powder state in a ceramic mortar. Sifted through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 0.3 mm. Stored in an airtight glass container. Use only ripe, dry fruits.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a dry, cool place at a temperature of 10–25 °C, in an airtight dark glass container. Avoid direct light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Dry Extract): Chronic gastritis with hypersecretion, cholecystitis, functional dyspepsia, stage I arterial hypertension, mucosal candidiasis, simple acne, anxiety disorder.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 250–300 mg of dry extract 1–2 times a day before meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 500 mg twice daily, used for initial-stage hypertension, exacerbation of gastroduodenitis, and dermatological eruptions.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 1 g per day. Used short-term (no more than 5 days) for pronounced exacerbation of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases and skin manifestations.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 150 mg once daily in the morning. Recommended for seasonal exacerbations of gastritis and dermatoses, as well as for patients with a hereditary predisposition to cholecystitis. Course: 20–30 days, 2 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): From 10 years of age, with body weight from 30 kg — 100–150 mg once daily. Safety in younger children has not been established.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Gastric and duodenal ulcer in the exacerbation stage, pregnancy. Data on contraindications during lactation and in childhood under 10 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): In isolated cases, allergic rash, transient drop in blood pressure, and headache have been registered.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): Up to 60 kg — 150–200 mg per day; over 60 kg — from 250 to 500 mg.

Preparation Method (Dry Extract): Coriander fruits (100 g) are crushed and poured with 500 ml of purified water. Extraction is carried out in a water bath at 80 °C for 2 hours. Filtered, evaporated to a volume of 100 ml, and dried at a temperature not exceeding 45 °C until a dry powder-like residue is obtained.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in an airtight glass container, in a dark place at a temperature of 5 to 20 °C. Avoid moisture and direct light. Shelf life — up to 24 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Tincture): Functional dyspepsia, spastic colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety disorder, insomnia, food allergy, stage I arterial hypertension, mucosal candidiasis.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 15 drops of tincture twice daily, 20 minutes before meals, diluted in 50 ml of water.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 20–25 drops 3 times a day for pronounced symptoms of anxiety disorder, spastic colitis, and sleep disturbances.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): Up to 30 drops 3 times a day for no more than 5 days. Used for pronounced vegetative dysfunction, mild hypertension, and chronic gastritis with hypersecretion.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops once daily in the evening. Suitable for patients with functional dyspepsia, mild anxiety, and labile blood pressure. Course: 14 days, repeated after 1 month.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Not recommended for children under 12 years of age due to ethanol content. From 12 years — 5–10 drops per day only as prescribed by a specialist.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcohol dependence, epilepsy, organic liver diseases, pregnancy. Data on contraindications during lactation and in childhood under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): Headache, dizziness, nausea, and sleep disturbance have been registered when the dose is exceeded.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For patients with body weight below 60 kg — no more than 15 drops per day. For body weight over 60 kg — standard and enhanced dosages are permissible.

Preparation Method (Tincture): Coriander fruits (20 g) are ground in a mortar and poured with 100 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol. Infused in an airtight glass container in a dark place at a temperature of 20–25 °C for 10 days. Shaken daily. After infusion, strained and poured into a dark bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a cool, darkened place at a temperature of 5–20 °C, in a hermetically closed dark glass container. Shelf life — up to 24 months. After opening, use within 90 days.

Oil Infusion — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Oil Infusion): Fungal skin lesions, mucosal candidiasis, simple acne, seborrheic dermatitis, localized psoriasis, atopic dermatitis.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): External use 1–2 times a day. Apply in a thin layer with light movements to the cleansed affected surface.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): 3 times a day, used for pronounced fungal and bacterial lesions of the skin and mucous membranes.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 4 applications per day, no more than 7 consecutive days, for local inflammatory processes and infected skin fissures.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Once daily in the evening on areas with recurrent dermatoses. Used in patients with chronic seborrheic dermatitis and recurrent acne. Course: 10–14 days with breaks.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 3 years — application once daily to a limited skin area. Suitable for children with body weight from 15 kg, only under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Open purulent wounds, individual sensitivity to essential oils, acute contact dermatitis. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Redness, local itching, and peeling have been registered in case of individual intolerance or overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): No systemic dose adjustment is required; it is applied according to the local regimen. In children — only limited use.

Preparation Method (Oil Infusion): Coriander fruits (20 g) are crushed and poured with 100 g of first cold-pressed coconut oil. Infused in a water bath at a temperature of 40 °C for 3 hours. Then kept at room temperature for 5 days, strained through gauze, and poured into a dark glass bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a cool place (5–20 °C), in a tightly closed dark glass bottle. Avoid exposure to direct light and heat. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppositories — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Vaginal Suppositories): Vaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, nonspecific vaginitis, vaginal atony in the postmenopausal period, itching and burning of the external genitalia, recurrent vaginal inflammations.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository deep intravaginally at night for 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository twice daily (morning and evening) for acute candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Course — 5–7 days.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Up to 3 suppositories per day (under medical supervision) in severe forms of candidal and bacterial vaginitis. Duration no more than 5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository once every 3 days at night for 1 month. Recommended for women in postmenopause, with recurrent vaginitis, and after antibacterial therapy. Repeat the course no more than 2 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Use in children and girls under 16 years of age is not recommended. No safety and efficacy data are available.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppositories): Allergy to components, acute herpetic vulvovaginitis. No safety data during pregnancy and lactation are available.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppositories): Local burning, itching, and mucosal irritation. In case of overdose — increased discharge and contact dermatitis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppositories): No adjustment is required; the dose is fixed. For patients with body weight below 50 kg, preliminary test administration with reaction monitoring is recommended.

Preparation Method (Vaginal Suppositories): Dry coriander extract — 2 g, cocoa butter — 96 g, coconut oil — 2 g. Melt all components in a water bath at 35–38 °C, stir thoroughly until homogeneous. Pour into suppository molds of 2 g each, cool at a temperature of 4 °C. This yields 50 suppositories of 2 g each.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppositories): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2…+8 °C, in airtight packaging, away from sources of light and heat. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 7 days.

Rectal Suppositories — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Rectal Suppositories): Chronic proctitis, internal hemorrhoids, irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, spastic colitis, dysbiosis, rectal inflammation in candidiasis.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository rectally before bedtime. Course — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 2 suppositories per day (morning and evening) for exacerbation of hemorrhoids and chronic proctitis. Course — 5–7 days.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): Up to 3 suppositories per day under medical supervision. Used in case of pronounced inflammatory process in the anorectal zone. Course no more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository every other day for 10 days. Recommended for patients with chronic proctocolitis, constipation, and after antibiotic therapy.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): Permissible from 6 years of age with body weight from 20 kg — 0.5 suppository once daily. From 10 years — 1 suppository per day. Use under pediatrician supervision.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppositories): Anal fissures in the bleeding stage, acute bacterial infections of the rectum. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppositories): Rarely — itching, burning, increased stool frequency. In case of overdose — mucosal irritation and false urges to defecate.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppositories): For patients with body weight up to 50 kg — administration of a half dose or use of the pediatric form is recommended. For body weight over 60 kg — standard dosage.

Preparation Method (Rectal Suppositories): Dry coriander extract — 1.5 g, cocoa butter — 97 g, coconut oil — 1.5 g. Melt the fats in a water bath to 36–38 °C, introduce the extract, and stir until homogeneous. Pour into rectal suppository molds of 2 g each, cool until completely solidified. Yield — 50 suppositories.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppositories): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 °C, in the dark, protected from humidity fluctuations. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 10 days.

Nasal Drops — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Nasal Drops): Allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, infectious rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, subatrophic rhinitis, dry nasal mucosa.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops into each nostril 3 times a day. Course — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops into each nostril up to 4 times a day for pronounced mucosal inflammation, edema, and nasal congestion. Course — up to 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): Up to 5 drops 5 times a day. Permissible for purulent rhinitis and sinusitis, but no more than 3 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop into each nostril once daily in the evening. Recommended for patients with allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and seasonal congestion. Course — 10 days per month during the season.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): From 3 years — 1 drop once daily. From 6 years — 1–2 drops twice daily. Not recommended for children under 3 years of age due to the risk of reflex laryngospasm.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Acute atrophic rhinitis, nasal polyposis. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Tingling, sneezing, and short-term increased secretion. In case of overdose — mucosal irritation and headache.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): For body weight below 30 kg — use in the minimum dosage (1 drop). For weight over 60 kg — standard and enhanced regimens are possible.

Preparation Method (Nasal Drops): Fresh coriander leaves — 10 g, aloe vera juice — 5 g, distilled water — 85 ml. Crush the leaves, squeeze out the juice, mix with aloe juice and water. Stir, filter, and pour into sterile dropper bottles of 10 ml each. Sterilize the solution with steam at 80 °C for 20 minutes.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2…+8 °C. Use within 7 days after opening. Shelf life of the sealed bottle — 30 days. Avoid exposure to light.

Ear Drops — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Ear Drops): Acute external otitis, eczema of the auditory canal, fungal lesion of the external ear (otomycosis), itching and inflammation of the auditory canal, seborrheic dermatitis of the ear zone.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2–3 drops into the external auditory canal twice daily. Course — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 4 drops 3 times a day for fungal or purulent lesions of the auditory canal. Course — up to 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): Up to 5 drops 4 times a day for 3 days for pronounced inflammatory process, itching, and edema.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops once every 3 days. Recommended for patients with frequent inflammations of the external ear, swimmers, and children in the autumn-winter period. Course — 10 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 5 years — 1 drop once daily. From 10 years — 2 drops twice daily. Do not use in infants or if perforation of the eardrum is suspected.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Damage to the eardrum, exudative otitis media, hypersensitivity to components. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Local irritation, itching, and hyperemia. In case of overdose — edema and a feeling of ear fullness.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): For body weight up to 30 kg — reduced dose (1 drop). For body weight over 60 kg — standard or enhanced dosage.

Preparation Method (Ear Drops): Coriander oil infusion — 10 ml, lavender essential oil — 0.1 ml, coconut oil — 20 ml. Mix at a temperature of 40 °C until homogeneous. Pour into sterile dropper bottles. Be sure to sterilize at a temperature of 60 °C for 30 minutes in a water bath.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store at a temperature of 5 to 25 °C in a dark place, in a tightly closed bottle. Shelf life — up to 3 months. After opening, use within 14 days.

Cream — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Cream): Simple acne, seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, dry skin, facial skin hypersensitivity, couperose.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply in a thin layer 1–2 times a day to pre-cleansed facial and neck skin. Course — 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Up to 3 applications per day to inflammation foci for pronounced acne, seborrhea, and contact hyperemia. Course — no more than 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): 4 times a day under outpatient supervision for hyperkeratosis and acne conglobata. No more than 7 days.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Once daily at night. Recommended for patients with oily, sensitive, or inflammation-prone skin, during climate changes. Course — 2 weeks with intervals.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): From 6 years — apply once daily to a limited skin area. Only in the absence of epidermal damage and under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Cream): Open purulent wounds, herpetic eruptions, individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Cream): Local hyperemia, a feeling of skin tightness, and tingling. In case of overdose — peeling and irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): No adjustment is required. For children with body weight up to 20 kg, it is recommended to apply the cream spot-wise and no more than once daily.

Preparation Method (Cream): Coriander oil infusion — 10 g, rose hydrolate — 60 g, coconut oil — 10 g, emulsifier (natural lecithin) — 5 g, plant-derived preservative (rosemary extract) — 0.5 g, vegetable glycerin — 5 g, allantoin — 0.5 g. Heat the oil and aqueous phases to 60 °C, combine, and emulsify thoroughly. Cool, add the active ingredients and preservatives, and pour into sterile bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature of 5–10 °C, in a hermetically closed dark glass jar. Avoid direct light and heat. Shelf life — up to 2 months. After opening, use within 14 days.

Ointment — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Ointment): Localized psoriasis, neurodermatitis, eczematous eruptions, chronic dermatosis, infected skin fissures, skin mycoses.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply to the affected skin area twice daily. Course — 7–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Up to 3 times a day to inflammation foci for exacerbation of dermatitis, psoriasis, and skin candidiasis. Course — up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): 4 times a day for 5 days for pronounced inflammatory skin process. Used only locally, on limited areas.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once daily at night for 10 days. Recommended for patients with recurrent skin mycoses, psoriasis in the remission stage, and dry dermatoses.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 5 years — spot application once daily to no more than 10% of body surface. Use no more than 5 consecutive days.

Contraindications (Ointment): Open bleeding wounds, allergic reaction to components. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Ointment): Irritation, increased itching, and local hyperemia. In case of overdose — peeling and contact dermatitis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): No adjustment is required; it is applied externally. In children and persons with low body weight — apply in a limited manner and in the minimum dose.

Preparation Method (Ointment): Dry coriander extract — 5 g, coconut oil — 45 g, beeswax — 15 g, shea butter — 35 g. Melt all components in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 60 °C, stir until homogeneous, and pour into sterile jars. Cool at a temperature of 4–8 °C.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8 °C, in a dark and dry environment. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Serum — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Serum): Couperose, hyperpigmentation, skin photoaging, post-inflammatory erythema, decreased skin tone, acne in the remission stage.

Standard Dosage (Serum): 2–3 drops of serum applied to cleansed face once daily in the evening, evenly distributing over the skin of the face and neck. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): 3–5 drops twice daily (morning and evening) to problem skin areas for pigmentation, photodamage, and pronounced vascular network. Course — 10–14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): Up to 6 drops twice daily for 7 days for pronounced pigmentation, chronoaging, and dull skin.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 2 drops once daily in the evening for 10 days, once a month. Recommended for patients 35+ with sensitive and dull skin.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): Use in children and adolescents under 16 years of age is not recommended, except in cases of persistent post-acne as recommended by a dermatologist.

Contraindications (Serum): Allergy to essential oils and plant components, active inflammatory elements, herpetic eruptions. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Serum): Irritation, burning, and peeling in case of overdose, allergic reaction in the form of urticaria.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Serum): No dosage adjustment is required. For patients with very dry and thin skin, a test application of 1 drop is recommended.

Preparation Method (Serum): Coriander hydrolate — 40 g, coriander glycerin extract — 15 g, aloe vera juice — 15 g, hyaluronic acid (low molecular weight) — 0.5 g, green tea extract — 5 g, plant-derived preservative — 0.5 g, distilled water — up to 100 g. Mix the components under sterile conditions at a temperature of 25–30 °C. Pour into glass bottles with a pipette.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +4…+8 °C, in the dark. After opening, use within 30 days. Shelf life of the sealed package — 3 months.

Scrub — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Scrub): Hyperkeratosis, follicular keratosis, skin oiliness, post-acne, dull complexion, keratinization of the skin in the area of elbows and heels.

Standard Dosage (Scrub): Use 2 times a week, massaging damp facial and body skin for 1–2 minutes, then rinse thoroughly with water. Avoid the area around the eyes.

Enhanced Dosage (Scrub): Up to 3 applications per week for pronounced hyperkeratosis or pore congestion. Use only in the evening.

Maximum Dosage (Scrub): Daily use is possible only locally (e.g., T-zone) and no more than 5 consecutive days. Do not use on damaged skin.

Preventive Dosage (Scrub): Once every 10 days. Recommended for combination and oily skin, with a tendency to pore congestion. Suitable for patients from 25 years of age.

Pediatric Dosage (Scrub): From 12 years — once every 2 weeks for oily facial skin. Use a delicate massage regimen for no more than 30 seconds.

Contraindications (Scrub): Active skin inflammations, purulent eruptions, couperose, thin dry skin, individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Scrub): Redness, microdamage, and irritation in case of excessive friction or individual sensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Scrub): Not required. Focus on skin thickness and skin sensitivity.

Preparation Method (Scrub): Coriander fruit powder — 10 g, ground oatmeal — 20 g, coconut oil — 40 g, white clay — 15 g, honey — 15 g. Mix all components until a paste-like consistency is obtained. Transfer to a glass jar and use in portions.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Scrub): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 10 °C, in a hermetically closed jar. Avoid water entering the container. Shelf life — up to 2 months. After opening — 14 days.

Scalp Serum — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Scalp Serum): Androgenetic alopecia, seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, psoriasis of the scalp, itching and irritation of the scalp, folliculitis.

Standard Dosage (Scalp Serum): Apply 3–5 ml of serum to the scalp 2 times a week, gently massaging for 2–3 minutes. Course — 8 weeks.

Enhanced Dosage (Scalp Serum): 5–7 ml 3 times a week for pronounced seborrhea, psoriasis, or focal baldness. Course — 6 weeks.

Maximum Dosage (Scalp Serum): Up to 10 ml 4 times a week for no more than 4–6 weeks for intense hair loss.

Preventive Dosage (Scalp Serum): 3 ml once a week for 12 weeks. Recommended for individuals with sensitive scalp and the initial stage of seborrhea.

Pediatric Dosage (Scalp Serum): From 12 years — 3 ml once a week for seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Use under dermatologist supervision.

Contraindications (Scalp Serum): Allergy to essential oils, open wounds on the scalp. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Scalp Serum): Local irritation, itching, and increased scalp dryness in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Scalp Serum): Not required — the dose depends on the area of the head, not body weight.

Preparation Method (Scalp Serum): Coriander oil infusion — 20 ml, coconut oil — 10 ml, niacinamide — 0.5 g, nettle extract — 10 ml, plant-derived preservatives — 0.5 g, distilled water — up to 100 ml. Mix all components until homogeneous at 25–30 °C, pour into dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Scalp Serum): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +4…+8 °C. After opening, use within 30 days; shelf life of the closed package — 6 months.

Tonic — Coriandrum sativum

Indications (Tonic): Chronic rhinosinusitis, vasomotor rhinitis, dry nasal mucosa, pharyngitis, dry oral mucosa, chronic tonsillitis.

Standard Dosage (Tonic): Rinse the throat and nose twice a day with 10 ml, course — 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tonic): 3–4 times a day for chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis. Course — 7–10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Tonic): Up to 6 times a day, short-term (no more than 5 days) for exacerbation of chronic rhinotracheitis.

Preventive Dosage (Tonic): Once daily in the evening throughout the season of increased viral load. Course — one month.

Pediatric Dosage (Tonic): From 6 years — rinse with 5 ml once daily. Use under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Tonic): Ulcerative pharyngolaryngeal reflux, ulcerative lesions of the mucosa. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Tonic): Short-term burning of the mucosa in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tonic): Not required — the volume depends on the effectiveness of rinsing, not body weight.

Preparation Method (Tonic): Fresh coriander leaves — 20 g, distilled water — 80 ml. Crush the leaves, keep for 30 minutes, squeeze out the juice, and mix. Boil in a water bath at 60 °C for 10 minutes. Cool and filter. Pour into bottles of 100 ml each.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tonic): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2…+8 °C. Shelf life of the sealed package — 14 days, after opening — 7 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Coriandrum sativum

The acute toxicity of coriander (Coriandrum sativum) has been studied in animal models. According to data published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology and peer-reviewed articles in the PubMed database, the LD50 (lethal dose causing death of 50% of experimental animals) for the aqueous and alcoholic extract of coriander fruits in mice with oral administration exceeds 5000 mg/kg body weight, which indicates low acute toxicity and relative pharmacological safety.

Chronic studies in rats showed the absence of histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys with prolonged use of the dry extract at doses up to 2000 mg/kg for 28 days. Separate studies confirm the absence of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity when used in therapeutic doses.

Coriander extract does not induce a significant cytotoxic effect on human cells at concentrations up to 500 μg/ml, which makes it potentially safe for use in external preparations and nutraceuticals. However, coriander essential oil may have an irritating effect with topical application in high concentrations.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Pharmacodynamics — Coriandrum sativum

Coriandrum sativum demonstrates a wide spectrum of pharmacodynamic activity due to the high content of phytochemical substances, including monoterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and phytosteroids. The main systemic action is manifested through neurohumoral and enzymatic pathways. It has been established that coriander extracts predominantly affect the nervous, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and immune systems.

The experimentally confirmed sedative effect of coriander is realized through interaction with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the central nervous system. The essential components of the plant, in particular linalool, enhance GABAergic transmission, causing anxiolytic and tranquilizing effects comparable in strength to synthetic modulators. The neuromodulatory effect is also associated with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and suppression of excitatory mediators.

Phenolic and flavonoid compounds of coriander demonstrate a pronounced antioxidant effect, realized by neutralizing free radicals and stabilizing membrane structures. A decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant defense enzymes, such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, has been proven, which indicates a systemic cytoprotective effect.

On the part of the gastrointestinal tract, spasmolytic and carminative effects are observed, due to relaxation of smooth muscles. The action is carried out through a decrease in calcium current in smooth muscle cells and suppression of cholinergic stimulation. This is confirmed both in vitro on isolated intestinal segments and in in vivo models. The complex of essential oils provides an additional local antimicrobial and antiseptic effect due to the rupture of bacterial cell membranes.

At the level of the cardiovascular system, a moderate hypotensive effect is observed, mediated by vasodilation and a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. This effect develops due to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle under the action of flavonoids and possible blockade of calcium channels.

The immunomodulatory effect of coriander is associated with an influence on cytokine production and a decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factor-α. The components of the plant exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in systemic and local inflammatory reactions, which has been confirmed in animal models and cell cultures.

External use of coriander preparations has shown dermatotropic activity: reduction of irritation, itching, and skin hyperemia, which is associated with the antiseptic, antioxidant, and keratolytic properties of the complex of bioactive substances. The effect is observed both with the use of oil forms and aqueous extracts.

Thus, the pharmacodynamic action of coriander can be characterized as polymodal with a predominance of sedative, spasmolytic, antioxidant, antiseptic, and immunomodulatory components. The action is realized both at the local and systemic levels, while the main pharmacological targets are receptors of the central nervous system, inflammatory enzymes, smooth muscle cells, and free radicals.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.semanticscholar.or...

Pharmacokinetics — Coriandrum sativum

The pharmacokinetic properties of coriander depend on the dosage form and the classes of compounds present in it — primarily volatile terpenes, flavonoids, organic acids, and fat-soluble components. With oral administration, active substances, in particular terpenoids and flavonoids, are absorbed in the small intestine. Lipophilic components — essential oils and fatty acids — rapidly pass through the mucosa, especially when taken concomitantly with fats.

Water-soluble components (including flavonols and phenolic acids) demonstrate good intestinal absorption when using infusions and decoctions, while alcohol tinctures have accelerated absorption due to the dissolution of lipophilic fractions. The peak concentration of most active compounds is reached 30–120 minutes after oral administration, depending on the form.

The distribution of active substances depends on their polarity. Terpenoids and essential fractions are predominantly localized in adipose tissue, liver, and lungs. Flavonoids and hydrophilic acids are evenly distributed in plasma and penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Some studies show the accumulation of linalool and geraniol in the skin and subcutaneous fat with transdermal application, which determines the effectiveness of external forms.

The metabolism of most active substances occurs in the liver with the participation of cytochrome P450. Terpene compounds undergo hydroxylation and conjugation, while phenolic structures can be metabolized by intestinal microflora, especially with prolonged use. The presence of dietary fibers in powder forms can slow down metabolism and prolong the action.

The excretion of metabolic products is carried out mainly through the kidneys with urine, partially with bile and exhaled air. Fat-soluble fractions can be slowly eliminated through the skin and sebaceous glands. With external application, coriander preparations do not have a systemic effect, except for oil forms with penetration into the capillary layer.

When used through mucous membranes (e.g., intravaginally or rectally), absorption occurs quite effectively, especially for lipophilic components, which enter the systemic bloodstream bypassing the first-pass effect through the liver. This increases bioavailability and reduces the risk of metabolic inactivation.

Thus, the pharmacokinetic profile of coriander is determined by the diversity of its forms and biochemical composition. The most bioavailable are considered alcohol and oil forms, as well as suppositories, capable of providing systemic and local action without significant losses during metabolization.

References:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Coriandrum sativum

The pharmacological mechanisms of action of coriander are due to a wide range of biologically active substances, including monoterpenoids (especially linalool), flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin), phenolic acids (caffeic, ferulic), phytosterols, and tannins. The main pharmacological effects are realized through modulation of signaling pathways, enzyme activity, receptor interactions, and regulation of mediator systems.

The monoterpenoid linalool, the main component of coriander essential oil, exhibits a pronounced neuromodulatory effect through potentiation of GABA receptor activity, which has been confirmed in in vivo and in vitro models. It has also been shown that linalool inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, improving cholinergic transmission, and influences the level of dopamine and serotonin in the CNS. These effects mediate the inhibition of neuronal excitation and neuroprotective activity.

Flavonoids present in coriander leaves and fruits interact with cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which leads to a decrease in inflammatory activity. Suppression of the NF-κB cascade, responsible for the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), is also observed. In parallel, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase are activated, stabilizing cell membranes and reducing oxidative stress.

Studies demonstrate the effect of coriander on the gastrointestinal tract through blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels in smooth muscle, which reduces tone and eliminates spasms. A direct relaxing effect on isolated segments of the small intestine in laboratory animals has been confirmed. Some components also suppress the release of acetylcholine and serotonin in the intestinal wall, which additionally reduces motor activity.

Coriander affects the immune system by regulating the production of interleukins and other inflammatory mediators. Studies have shown that coriander extracts reduce the expression of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, while increasing the level of IL-10, which has an anti-inflammatory effect. A decrease in macrophage activity and inhibition of neutrophil activation have also been described, which indicates suppression of the innate inflammatory response.

An additional direction of action is antibacterial and antifungal properties, confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. They are realized through disruption of the integrity of pathogen membranes, inhibition of respiratory enzymes, and disruption of DNA replication. Coriander essential oil increases the permeability of bacterial membranes, which leads to the leakage of ions and cellular contents.

Hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic properties have also been identified, associated with inhibition of α-glucosidase and lipase enzymes, as well as activation of PPAR-α receptors regulating lipid metabolism. These effects are realized at the systemic level, involving endocrine and metabolic pathways.

Thus, coriander has a multicomponent pharmacological effect affecting key cellular targets, including receptors, enzyme systems, signaling cascades, and mediators. The effects are realized at the systemic and tissue levels and are confirmed by experimental in vitro and in vivo models.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.semanticscholar.or...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Synergy — Coriandrum sativum

The synergistic properties of coriander have been confirmed in a number of experimental and pharmacological studies demonstrating its ability to enhance the action of other phyto-compounds and substances of natural origin. The main directions of pharmacological synergy are potentiation of antioxidant activity, enhancement of the anti-inflammatory response, as well as modulation of antimicrobial and neurotropic activity.

Experimental in vivo and in vitro models have shown that the combination of coriander essential oil with flavonoid extracts of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) leads to additive suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), as well as synergistic reduction of COX-2 expression. This interaction is due to the overlapping influence on the NF-κB signaling cascade and blockade of the arachidonate pathway.

The combination of coriander with phenolic extracts of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) enhances the antioxidant response of cells due to the combined activation of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes, as well as stabilization of glutathione balance. Studies confirm an increase in the total antiradical potential of blood plasma and a decrease in markers of oxidative stress.

With the combined use with adaptogens such as eleutherococcus (Eleutherococcus senticosus) and rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea), modulation of the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is noted. In these combinations, coriander demonstrates synergistic participation in the normalization of the neurotransmitter background, which is especially noticeable when assessing the level of dopamine, serotonin, and cortisol in laboratory animals.

The synergy of coriander with antimicrobial agents of natural origin (e.g., thymol, eugenol, carvacrol) enhances the destruction of bacterial cell membranes. Studies have shown a significant decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics when used together with coriander extract.

Potentiation of hypolipidemic effects has also been confirmed with the combined use of coriander with extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), especially against the background of a high-fat diet. The proposed mechanism is additive inhibition of lipase and stimulation of PPAR receptors.

Thus, coriander demonstrates potentiating, additive, and modulating synergy with plant substances, acting at the level of receptors, enzyme cascades, and mediators, providing multifunctional interaction in complex systems.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.semanticscholar.or...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Coriandrum sativum

Coriandrum sativum is one of the oldest cultivated plants, known to mankind for more than 5000 years. Its traditional use covers vast regions of Eurasia, North Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Central America. The first archaeobotanical finds of coriander were recorded in the tombs of Ancient Egypt (around 3000 BC), where it was used both for medicinal purposes and in ritual practice. In Egyptian culture, coriander was considered a plant protecting the soul of the deceased and was added to embalming preparations.

In Ayurvedic medicine of India, coriander is among the basic remedies used in the form of infusions, decoctions, and fresh juice. It was used to balance doshas and purify bodily fluids. In the Tibetan tradition, coriander is described in the "Chzhud-shi" as a plant promoting the balance of the elements of "heat" and "wind." In the culture of Uyghur and Iranian medicine, coriander was used as an integral part of direct oil compositions for the body, steam inhalations, and ointments based on animal fat.

In the territory of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, coriander was widely used in Slavic and Armenian folk healing. In the healing practices of the Russian North, coriander seeds were used in the form of powder and infusion for ritual fumigation of premises; it was believed that it "drives out evil air." Among Armenians and Georgians, coriander (cilantro) was valued as a plant bringing clarity of mind and strength of spirit; its infusions were rubbed into the hair and added to baths.

In the tradition of Chinese medicine, coriander is known as "yan-sui" and is used as a tonic and warming remedy. In Korean hanyak practice, coriander was part of gargles and applications for the head and neck. Among the peoples of Southeast Asia (Thailand, Laos, Cambodia), coriander is used as food, as well as a component of cleansing ritual baths on days of new moons and holidays of the house spirit. Its leaves are hung over doors and at the head of the sleeping place as protection from "spoiled wind."

In Islamic phytomedical treatises of the Middle Ages, coriander was called "kuzbara" and was considered a plant protecting against the evil eye and nightmares. It was recommended to be worn in a cloth bag on the neck or wrist. Among the Berbers of Morocco and the Tuaregs of the Sahara, coriander is part of incense for cleansing women's jewelry and is used in smoke rituals before a wedding.

Thus, coriander has deep ethnobotanical roots and a stable reputation as a universal plant in folk medicine and ritual practice in more than 20 cultural traditions of the world.