​Angelica archangelica (Garden Angelica)

Angelica archangelica (Garden Angelica)

Product Name: Дягиль лекарственный, Angelica archangelica, Arznei-Engelwurz, Angélica, Angélique officinale, أنجليكا طبية, ต้นเจตมูลเพลิงฝรั่ง

Synonyms: дудник аптечный, архангельская трава, ангелика, дягиль настоящий, ангелическая трава, angelica, garden angelica, wild celery, archangel root, Arznei-Engelwurz, Engelwurz, Angélica de jardín, raíz del ángel, Angélique officinale, herbe des anges, أنجليكا طبية، عشبة الملاك، جذر الملاك, ผักชีล้อมฝรั่ง, เจตมูลฝรั่ง

Main Indications for the Use of Angelica archangelica: Chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, atopic dermatitis, neurocirculatory dystonia, dysmenorrhea, climacteric syndrome, hypoestrogenism, migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic cystitis, pyelonephritis, hypotension, anorexia nervosa, primary arterial hypotension, Raynaud's syndrome, chronic stress.

Use of Angelica archangelica in Mixtures and Complexes: Gastric ulcer, ulcerative colitis, chronic pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic heart failure, thrombophlebitis, mixed-type vegetative-vascular dystonia, endometriosis, osteochondrosis, infertility of unclear genesis, chronic prostatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus.

Pharmacological Properties of Angelica archangelica: Anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative, analgesic, mucolytic, estrogen-like, angioprotective, cardiotonic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, carminative, diuretic.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Angelica archangelica

Powder — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Powder): Chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, bronchial asthma, neurocirculatory dystonia, dysmenorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, migraine, primary arterial hypotension, anorexia nervosa, climacteric syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1.5 grams 2 times a day orally 15 minutes before meals, with warm water or infusions of chamomile or lemon balm. Course — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 2 grams 3 times a day orally for pronounced dysmenorrhea, severe forms of anorexia, and chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Duration of course — 7–10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): No more than 2.5 grams 3 times a day. Recommended exclusively for resistant forms of migraine and climacteric disorders, after consultation with a phytotherapist. No more than 5 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.8–1 gram once a day in the morning, for 20 days with a 10-day break. Recommended for neurocirculatory dystonia, hypotension, and premenstrual syndrome. Particularly useful for women in peri- and postmenopause, as well as in cases of reduced adaptive reserves of the body.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): Use is allowed from 12 years of age with a body weight of at least 40 kg. Dosage — 0.5 grams once a day for 5–7 days. Clinical data for younger children are absent.

Contraindications (Powder): Hypersensitivity to plants of the Umbelliferae family, gastric ulcer in the acute phase, pregnancy, photodermatoses. Data on safety during lactation and in children under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): With overdose, the development of photosensitization, dizziness, increased intestinal peristalsis, and arterial hypotension is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For body weight below 60 kg, reduce the dosage by 25%; for body weight above 90 kg, an increase in dosage by 15% is allowed with good tolerability.

Preparation method (Powder): Wash the dry roots of the plant, cut and dry at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius in the shade. After complete drying, grind in a mill to a homogeneous powder state. For 100 grams of powder, 120 grams of fresh peeled roots are required. Store in a tightly closed glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in an airtight container made of dark glass at a temperature of 10 to 25 degrees Celsius, in a dry place protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 1 year. After opening the package, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Dry Extract): Functional dyspepsia, chronic gastritis with reduced acidity, climacteric syndrome, neurocirculatory dystonia, dysmenorrhea, hypoestrogenism, chronic cystitis, asthenoneurotic conditions.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 200 milligrams of dry extract 2 times a day orally 20 minutes before meals, with warm water. Course — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 300 milligrams 2–3 times a day for pronounced climacteric syndrome, severe autonomic dysfunction, and prolonged asthenia. Duration — up to 7 days under the supervision of a phytotherapist.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): No more than 400 milligrams 3 times a day. Allowed for forms of hypoestrogenism resistant to therapy and vascular crises. Duration no more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 100 milligrams once a day for 20 days, then a 10-day break. Recommended for chronic stress tension, neurocirculatory dystonia, and postmenopausal disorders. Suitable for women 45+ and patients with a labile autonomic system.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): Use is allowed from 14 years of age and body weight from 45 kg. Recommended dose — 100 milligrams once a day, for 5–7 days. Data for younger age are absent.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Pregnancy, lactation, acute inflammatory diseases of the stomach, photodermatoses, individual intolerance. Safety of use in children under 14 years of age has not been confirmed.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): Phototoxic reactions, flatulence, arterial hypotension, increased menstrual bleeding with overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): Patients with body weight less than 60 kg are recommended to reduce the dose by 20%. For body weight over 90 kg, an increase in the daily dose by 10–15% is possible with stable tolerability.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): The roots are thoroughly washed, cut and dried at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius. Then ground and subjected to hydroalcoholic extraction (40% alcohol) at the rate of 100 grams of raw material per 1 liter of solution. Infuse for 10 days, then filter, evaporate in a water bath at a temperature of up to 50 degrees until a thick mass is obtained. Dry in a drying chamber at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees to a powder state. Yield mass — about 20 grams from 100 grams of raw material.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in an airtight container, away from light and moisture, at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, without access to sources of EMI. Shelf life — up to 18 months. After opening, use within 60 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Tincture): Neurocirculatory dystonia, primary arterial hypotension, climacteric syndrome, dysmenorrhea, chronic fatigue syndrome, bronchospastic syndrome, asthenoneurotic disorders.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 25 drops (approximately 1 ml) 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Duration of course — 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 30–35 drops 3 times a day for pronounced autonomic imbalance, stress-induced hypotension, and climacteric lability. Course no more than 7 days.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): No more than 40 drops 3 times a day. Allowed for crises of a vascular or autonomic nature resistant to therapy, only by specialist prescription. Duration — no more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 15 drops once a day in the morning hours. Used for a tendency to hypotension, reduced adaptive reserves, autonomic lability, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Course — 20 days, break 10 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Not recommended for children and adolescents under 16 years of age. The safety of use in children has not been scientifically confirmed.

Contraindications (Tincture): Pregnancy, lactation, alcoholism, epilepsy, liver diseases, photodermatoses, use of anticoagulants and photosensitizers. Contraindicated in children under 16 years of age.

Side Effects (Tincture): May cause dizziness, sensation of heat, phototoxic reactions, and palpitations with overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For body weight below 60 kg, the dose should be reduced by 20%. For body weight above 90 kg, an increase in dosage by 10% is possible in the absence of side reactions.

Preparation method (Tincture): Pour 100 grams of dry crushed root with 500 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol. Infuse in a dark glass container at room temperature for 10 days, shaking daily. After infusion, filter, pour into a dropper bottle of dark glass. Yield — about 480 ml of finished tincture.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 5 to 15 degrees Celsius, away from direct light and electromagnetic sources. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 90 days.

Oil Infusion — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atopic dermatitis, dry eczema, climacteric itching, post-traumatic skin inflammations, alopecia, seborrheic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, fissures and skin irritation, delayed tissue regeneration.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Topically — apply a thin layer 1–2 times a day to affected skin areas. Duration of course — from 5 to 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Topically — apply 3 times a day for pronounced inflammatory processes, skin fissures, and intense flaking. Suitable for local compresses lasting up to 30 minutes. Course — up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Application up to 4 times a day on limited skin areas (no more than 10% of body surface). Used for phlegmonous infiltrates and persistent hyperkeratosis. Course — no more than 5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply once a day in the evening to the décolleté area, face, neck, elbows, or scalp for 10–15 days. Indicated for seasonal skin dryness, age-related loss of tone, and stress-induced alopecia.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): Use is allowed in children from 7 years of age with a body weight of more than 25 kg. Applied locally once a day on a limited area of skin (no more than 5 cm²). Course — up to 5 days. Clinical data for younger age and extensive application are absent.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual intolerance, weeping forms of dermatitis, photosensitivity of the skin, acute pustular rashes. During pregnancy and lactation — limited external use is allowed. Data on systemic action have not been registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Local allergic reactions, burning, redness, phototoxic dermatitis upon exposure of the treated area to ultraviolet radiation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): For body weight less than 60 kg — limit the area of application to 5–7% of the body surface. For body weight more than 90 kg — the standard regimen is allowed with an increase in coverage area to 15% with good tolerability.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): Pour 100 grams of dry crushed roots with 500 ml of organic cold-pressed oil (olive, sesame, grape seed). Infuse in a glass container in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 degrees Celsius for 3 hours, then keep in a dark place for another 5 days. Strain through gauze, squeeze out the residue, pour into a dark glass bottle. Yield — about 480 ml of finished oil infusion.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a tightly closed dark glass container at a temperature of 10 to 20 degrees Celsius, away from light, moisture, and electromagnetic sources. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 45 days.

Essential Oil — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Essential Oil): Neurosis, anxiety disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disturbance, bronchospasm, hypotension, migraine, alopecia, autonomic lability, climacteric syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Essential Oil): For inhalations — 2 drops per 200 ml of hot water, inhale vapors for 5–7 minutes once a day. For aroma lamp — 3 drops per 15 m² of room. Topically — dilute 1 drop in 5 ml of carrier oil (peach, jojoba) and rub into the temples, neck, and abdomen area — once a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Essential Oil): For inhalations — up to 3 drops per 250 ml of water, for severe migraines, pronounced anxiety syndrome, and hypotensive crisis. Topically — up to 2 drops per 5 ml of oil for intense manifestations of climacteric lability and convulsions. No more than 2 times a day, course up to 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Essential Oil): Inhalations — no more than 5 drops per day. External use — no more than 4 drops per 10 ml of oil 2 times a day. Maximum duration — 3 days. Used only for resistant crisis conditions.

Preventive Dosage (Essential Oil): 1–2 drops in an aroma lamp once a day in the evening hours. Indicated for a tendency to anxiety, hypotension, seasonal apathy, and sleep disorders. Course — 10–15 days with a 7-day break.

Pediatric Dosage (Essential Oil): Allowed from 12 years. Only aroma lamp — no more than 1 drop per 20 m², no more than once a day, course up to 5 days. External use in children is not recommended. Safety in children under 12 years has not been confirmed.

Contraindications (Essential Oil): Pregnancy (internal and external use), epilepsy, individual intolerance, photodermatoses, systemic photosensitizers. Contraindicated in children under 12 years of age.

Side Effects (Essential Oil): Phototoxic reactions, headache, nausea, bronchospasm, dermatitis, drowsiness with overdose or excessive duration of exposure.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Essential Oil): For body weight below 60 kg — reduction of the external dose by 25%. For body weight over 90 kg, the standard regimen is allowed. When used in aroma lamps, correction is not required.

Preparation method (Essential Oil): For 100 ml of essential oil, about 5 kg of dry crushed roots will be required. Use the steam distillation method: the roots are filled with water and kept on steam for 4 hours at a temperature of 95–100 degrees Celsius. The steam condenses, the oil is separated from the hydrolate, filtered and poured into sealed dark glass bottles. Yield — about 0.02–0.03% of the raw material mass.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Essential Oil): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 5 to 15 degrees Celsius, away from light, moisture, and electromagnetic sources. Shelf life — up to 24 months. After opening, use within 90 days.

Hydrolate — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Hydrolate): Dry skin, hypersensitivity, irritation after shaving, couperose, photoaging, age-related skin changes, eye fatigue, autonomic lability, insomnia, anxiety.

Standard Dosage (Hydrolate): For external use — spray on cleansed skin of the face and neck 2 times a day. For eye compresses — moisten cotton pads and apply for 10 minutes. Course — 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Hydrolate): Spraying up to 4 times a day for severe dryness, sunburn, eczema, irritation after peeling. In the form of compresses on the eyelids — up to 2 times a day. Course — up to 7 days.

Maximum Dosage (Hydrolate): Up to 6 applications per day according to indications: acute couperose, thermal skin irritation, postoperative facial skin recovery. Course — up to 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Hydrolate): 1–2 sprays in the morning and evening. Indicated for a tendency to skin dehydration, eye fatigue, stress conditions, and prolonged work at a screen. Course — 10 days, break 5 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Hydrolate): External use is allowed from 3 years of age in the absence of skin hypersensitivity. 1 spray on clean skin up to 2 times a day, no more than 5 days in a row.

Contraindications (Hydrolate): Pustular skin diseases, individual sensitivity, allergy to plant components. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been established, however, local use is considered acceptable in the absence of irritation.

Side Effects (Hydrolate): Local allergic reactions, skin redness, tingling in the presence of microtraumas.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Hydrolate): Dose adjustment is not required, as the drug is used exclusively externally.

Preparation method (Hydrolate): To obtain 100 ml of hydrolate, take 100 grams of dry crushed roots and 1 liter of distilled water. Conduct steam distillation at a temperature of 95–100 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. Collect and filter the resulting condensate. Separate the essential oil fraction, stabilize the liquid with grapefruit seed extract (0.5%).

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Hydrolate): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 8 degrees Celsius in a sealed dark glass container. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Resin — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Resin): Purulent wounds, skin fissures, angular stomatitis, chronic inflammations of the oral mucosa, periodontal disease, herpetic eruptions, microtraumas, postoperative scars, local dermatoses.

Standard Dosage (Resin): Topically — apply pointwise to the affected area once a day in the evening. In the oral cavity — applications once a day on inflamed areas of the gums or ulcerative lesions. Course — up to 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Resin): Application up to 2 times a day for persistent skin fissures, purulent lesions, and recurrent herpes. In dentistry — up to 3 applications per day for severe forms of gingivitis. Course — up to 7 days.

Maximum Dosage (Resin): Application up to 3 times a day pointwise, on limited areas (no more than 2 cm²), no more than 3 days in a row. Used for purulent infiltrates and poorly healing postoperative wounds.

Preventive Dosage (Resin): 1 application per week in areas predisposed to dryness and microcracks (heels, corners of the lips, cuticles). Suitable in the autumn-winter period. Course — 1 month.

Pediatric Dosage (Resin): External point application is allowed from 6 years of age. No more than once a day, on areas no more than 1 cm². Internal and extensive application is contraindicated. Course — no more than 3 days.

Contraindications (Resin): Individual intolerance, acute weeping skin inflammations, allergic reaction to resins. During pregnancy and lactation, local limited application is acceptable. Safety for children under 6 years of age has not been established.

Side Effects (Resin): Contact dermatitis, burning, allergic rash, mucosal irritation with overdose or non-compliance with concentration.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Resin): Correction is not required, as it is applied locally and the dosage is determined by the area of application.

Preparation method (Resin): Grind 100 grams of fresh roots, pour 200 ml of water and slowly evaporate in a water bath at a temperature of 80–85 degrees Celsius until a thick resinous mass is formed. After cooling, separate the dense fraction, add 1 gram of beeswax for stabilization. Mix thoroughly. Yield mass — about 10 grams.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Resin): Store in a sealed dark glass jar at a temperature of 5 to 10 degrees Celsius. Avoid contact with moisture and light. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Cream Composition — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Cream Composition): Dry skin, age-related loss of elasticity, hyperpigmentation, climacteric skin aging, irritation after epilation, initial manifestations of couperose, atopic dermatitis in remission.

Standard Dosage (Cream Composition): Apply 2 times a day in a thin layer to cleansed skin of the face, neck, and décolleté area. With light massaging movements until completely absorbed. Course — 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream Composition): Apply 3 times a day for pronounced dryness, tightness, flaking, as well as in post-peeling care. Course — up to 10 days, then transition to the standard dosage.

Maximum Dosage (Cream Composition): Up to 4 applications per day on limited areas (for example, forehead, cheeks, areas of inflammation). Used for exacerbation of dermatological conditions and aggressive environmental impact. Course — no more than 5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Cream Composition): 1 application per day in the evening. Prevention of age-related skin changes, seasonal dryness, and water balance disorders in patients over 40 years of age, in conditions of dry air and stress. Course — 15 days, then a 7-day break.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream Composition): External use is allowed in children from 5 years of age with a mild form of atopic dermatitis in remission. 1 application per day on limited areas (no more than 5 cm²). Course — up to 5 days. Use on the face is not recommended.

Contraindications (Cream Composition): Allergy to cream components, acute inflammatory skin diseases, weeping forms of dermatoses. Safety during pregnancy has not been established, but external use is allowed in the absence of reactions.

Side Effects (Cream Composition): Redness, itching, burning sensation, rashes with individual intolerance or excessive application.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream Composition): Not required, as the form is used locally. Correction is carried out according to the area of application and skin reaction.

Preparation method (Cream Composition): Aqueous phase: decoction of angelica roots — 40 grams, angelica hydrolate — 20 grams. Oil phase: jojoba oil — 15 grams, avocado oil — 10 grams, beeswax — 5 grams. Active components: dry angelica extract — 5 grams, angelica essential oil — 0.5 grams. Emulsification is carried out at a temperature of 60–65 degrees Celsius, mix the phases with continuous stirring, cool, transfer to a sterile jar. Yield — about 95 grams.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream Composition): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 8 degrees Celsius in a sealed jar. Shelf life — 60 days. After opening, use within 21 days.

Serum — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Serum): Age-related skin fading, loss of elasticity, fine wrinkles, dehydration, stress-induced aging, hypersensitivity, hyperpigmentation, post-inflammatory erythema, couperose.

Standard Dosage (Serum): Apply 1–2 drops to cleansed skin of the face and neck once a day in the evening. With light tapping movements until completely absorbed. Course — 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): 2 drops 2 times a day (morning and evening) for pronounced signs of fading, skin flaccidity, after sun stress, and during periods of hormonal changes. Course — up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): Up to 3 drops 2 times a day, no more than 5 days. Indicated for post-peeling care, during periods of acute cellular skin exhaustion, or during climate change.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 1 drop once a day before bedtime. Suitable for patients 35+, with a tendency to dryness, stress, and sharp temperature changes. Course — 10 days, then a break of 5–7 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): Not used in childhood. Data on safety and efficacy in patients under 16 years of age are absent.

Contraindications (Serum): Allergic reactions to serum components, acute skin inflammations, fresh burns, weeping dermatoses. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been confirmed — it is recommended to avoid use during these periods.

Side Effects (Serum): Burning, redness, sensation of warmth on the skin, contact urticaria with individual intolerance or overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Serum): Not required. The drug is used locally in small doses; one should focus on the area and sensitivity of the skin.

Preparation method (Serum): Demineralized water — 50 grams, angelica hydrolate — 20 grams, vegetable glycerin — 5 grams, dry angelica extract — 3 grams, angelica essential oil — 0.1 grams, preservative based on grapefruit extract — 0.5 grams, hyaluronic acid — 0.5 grams. Mix all components at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees Celsius, dissolve and homogenize to a transparent texture. Pour into sterile bottles with a dispenser. Yield — about 100 grams.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 8 degrees Celsius, away from light. Shelf life — 60 days. After opening, use within 30 days, avoiding contact with the dropper or bottle nozzle.

Mask — Angelica archangelica

Indications (Mask): Dehydrated skin, dull complexion, enlarged pores, superficial wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, post-acne, irritation after stress, age-related changes, decreased skin tone.

Standard Dosage (Mask): Apply an even layer once every 3 days to cleansed skin of the face and neck. Exposure time — 15–20 minutes. Course — 5–7 procedures.

Enhanced Dosage (Mask): Apply once every 2 days for pronounced dryness, photoaging, after insolation, and also as part of an intensive course before important events. Course — no more than 5 procedures in a row.

Maximum Dosage (Mask): Daily use is allowed for 3 days for severe stress load on the skin, pronounced dehydration, after aggressive cosmetic intervention (peelings, lasers). Only in agreement with a dermatocosmetologist.

Preventive Dosage (Mask): Once a week for 1 month. Indicated during seasonal changes, periods of vitamin deficiency, psycho-emotional stress, in patients 35+. Can be alternated with moisturizing serums.

Pediatric Dosage (Mask): Not recommended for use in children under 14 years of age. Clinical safety data are absent.

Contraindications (Mask): Allergy to mask components, pustular rashes, weeping forms of dermatitis, active phase of acne. During pregnancy, external use is allowed in the absence of skin hyperreactivity.

Side Effects (Mask): Local redness, burning sensation, allergic rash, flaking with overdose or individual reaction.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Mask): Correction is not required. Applied on a fixed area — face, neck, décolleté area.

Preparation method (Mask): White cosmetic clay — 50 grams, angelica root powder — 20 grams, angelica hydrolate — 25 ml, grape seed oil — 3 ml, angelica essential oil — 2 drops. Mix the dry components, dilute with hydrolate to a sour cream consistency, add the oils. Apply immediately after preparation. Yield — about 100 grams.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Mask): Not subject to storage — prepare immediately before use. Do not use leftovers. Storage of the dry mixture without liquid components in a tightly closed glass container for up to 30 days is allowed.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Angelica archangelica

Experimental data on the toxicological assessment of Angelica archangelica indicate a low level of general toxicity upon oral and external use. In preclinical studies on laboratory animals, it was established that the aqueous extract and dry powder of the root of Angelica archangelica do not cause lethal outcomes when administered at doses up to 5 g/kg body weight. According to research data, the acute oral LD₅₀ value in mice and rats is more than 5000 mg/kg, which allows the drug to be classified as hazard class IV — "low-toxicity substances."

However, it is important to consider the photosensitizing effect of the furanocoumarins contained in the plant (bergapten, angelicin), especially with external use in the form of essential oil. When used in high doses or with prolonged exposure to the skin without protection from ultraviolet radiation, the development of phototoxic reactions is possible.

Chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and embryotoxicity of Angelica archangelica at therapeutic doses have not been identified. Clinical studies in groups of patients with functional dyspepsia and climacteric disorders have also confirmed good tolerability of the drug with long-term course use (up to 28 days).

Studies confirm a high degree of biosafety of extracts and essential oil of Angelica archangelica when dosages and photoprotection restrictions are observed.

Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Pharmacodynamics — Angelica archangelica

The pharmacodynamic properties of Angelica archangelica are formed by a complex of biologically active compounds, including essential oils (mainly α-pinene, β-phellandrene, sabinene), furanocoumarins, polyacetylenes, and organic acids. These components exert a predominantly systemic effect involving the nervous, vascular, digestive, cutaneous, and immune systems. Anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative, and antioxidant effects have been established, manifesting both with local and systemic exposure.

The mechanism of the sedative effect is associated with an influence on central neurotransmitter pathways, including gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin receptors. The spasmolytic effect is due to a decrease in the activity of calcium channels in smooth muscles. The antioxidant effect is realized through the neutralization of free radicals and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. With respect to the immune system, data on a modulating effect have been recorded, manifested in the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukins, TNF-α) and activation of macrophage activity.

Additionally, a mild estrogen-like effect has been noted, due to the presence of phytoactive substances that bind to endocrine system receptors, which is manifested in the regulation of the neurovegetative background and vascular tone.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Pharmacokinetics — Angelica archangelica

The absorption of active components of Angelica archangelica depends on the pharmaceutical form and route of administration. Upon oral administration (in the form of powder, dry or alcoholic extract), furanocoumarins, essential oils, and polyphenolic compounds are absorbed in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Essential fractions may be partially metabolized already at the level of the intestinal wall, and also subjected to the action of microbiota, forming intermediate metabolites with biological activity.

After resorption, the main substances are distributed mainly in the tissues of the liver, brain, smooth muscles of the intestine, and vascular wall. Some furanocoumarins are capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, which partially explains the neuromodulatory action of the taxon. Lipophilic components (essential oils, angelic lactones) have a high affinity for lipophilic tissues and accumulate mainly in the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue upon transdermal application (oil forms, creams, hydrolates).

Metabolism of active substances is carried out mainly in the liver with the participation of cytochrome P450 enzyme systems, including CYP3A4. In this case, hydroxylated derivatives are formed that partially retain biological activity. Excretion occurs through the kidneys (hydrophilic metabolites), as well as with bile and lungs (for volatile terpenes). External forms are partially metabolized in the skin, and residues are removed through the sebaceous and sweat glands.

Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Angelica archangelica

The pharmacological activity of Angelica archangelica is mediated by the effect of furanocoumarins (e.g., bergapten), mono- and sesquiterpenes, as well as polyene lactonoids on multiple molecular targets. It has been established that essential fractions inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX), reducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Furthermore, inhibition of the activation of the nuclear factor NF-κB leads to a decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), which provides anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action.

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has also been recorded, which is associated with a moderate nootropic and sedative effect. There are data on partial antagonism with respect to 5-HT₂ receptors, which potentially modulates emotional and autonomic manifestations. The effect on calcium channels of smooth muscles explains the spasmolytic activity of the extracts.

The antioxidant effect is due to the presence of coumarins and polyacetylenes, capable of neutralizing reactive oxygen species and reducing lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. These compounds also demonstrate a protective effect on the vascular endothelium, stabilizing permeability and microcirculation.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Synergy — Angelica archangelica

According to pharmacological data, Angelica archangelica exhibits potentiating synergy with other plants containing flavonoids, phytoestrogens, and sesquiterpenes. In particular, in combination with Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis, the sedative and anxiolytic effect is enhanced due to the cumulative effect on GABAergic receptors. In combination with Foeniculum vulgare and Zingiber officinale, an additive spasmolytic and carminative effect is observed, associated with the modulation of calcium channels and TRP receptors in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. Combined use with Glycyrrhiza glabra demonstrates an enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity through synergistic suppression of NF-κB and cytokine production.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
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Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Angelica archangelica

Garden angelica is widely distributed in the ethnomedical traditions of Northern and Central Europe, as well as in some regions of Asia. In the cultures of Northern European peoples, including Scandinavian, Celtic, Germanic, and Finno-Ugric ethnic groups, it was traditionally considered a plant of strength and survival, especially in conditions of long winters and limited access to fresh food. On the territory of Iceland, Norway, and the Faroe Islands, angelica was cultivated as a crop plant from the 9th century, and not only as a medicinal plant but also as a food plant — consuming young stems, petioles, and roots fresh and cooked.

In the folk medicine of Europe, angelica was used in the form of decoctions, aqueous and wine infusions, as well as steam inhalations and rubbings. It was used in the traditions of Slavic folk healing, especially on the territory of Rus' and the Carpathians, where angelica was revered as a plant that cleanses the body and spirit. In Russian village culture, angelica root was used in the form of a dried amulet, which was carried on oneself "against evil" or hung in the barn to protect livestock. Similar practices were characteristic of the Balts, where angelica was part of cleansing brooms for the sauna. In Lithuanian and Latvian rituals, the plant participated in summer holidays — it was believed that its smoke protects against the evil eye and enhances fertility.

In alchemical and monastic medicine of Central Europe, angelica was actively cultivated in monastery gardens, especially by the Benedictine and Augustinian orders from the 11th century. It is mentioned by medieval European herbalists, such as the "Physica" of Hildegard of Bingen, where the plant is described as "angelic herb" with spiritualizing power. In Renaissance treatises, it is often designated as radix angelicae, emphasizing its supposedly divine origin and connection with protective symbolism.

In the tradition of the Sami and other northern peoples, angelica was collected on special days of the lunar calendar and used for fumigation — it was believed that its smell "calms the soul of the deceased" and helps during transitions between seasons. In the magico-medical rituals of Germanic and Celtic tribes, the plant was burned as part of ritual bundles together with juniper and wormwood. In many rural regions of France and Germany, angelica was part of the so-called "protective bouquets," which were placed under the pillow or hung above the entrance to the house.

On the territory of China and Tibet, Angelica archangelica is less common, however, in the Tibetan medical tradition, it is mentioned as one of the auxiliary plants in compound formulas. In some North Indian regions and Nepal, closely related species were used as fumigants and components for embalming. In the context of the cultures of the Arctic and subarctic belt, the plant was associated with endurance and spiritual protection, being part of shamanic rituals among Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic peoples.

Thus, Angelica archangelica is one of the most ethnoculturally rich taxa of the European pharmacopoeial heritage, having both practical and symbolic significance in folk and ritual medicine.