Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese Turmeric)

Curcuma xanthorrhiza (Javanese Turmeric)

Product Name: Куркума яванская, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Javanische Gelbwurz, Cúrcuma de Java, Curcuma de Java, كركم جاوي, ขมิ้นชันเทศ

Synonyms: куркума яванская, яванская куркума, темуклау, тему лау, тему лавак; Java turmeric, Javanese turmeric, temu lawak; Javanischer Gelbwurz, Temulawak; cúrcuma de Java, cúrcuma javanesa, cúrcuma temulawak; curcuma de Java, curcuma javanaise; الكركم الجاوي, تيمولاواك; เทมูละวัก, ขมิ้นชันเทศ

Main Indications for Use of Curcuma xanthorrhiza: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis, dyspeptic disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, cholecystitis, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory joint diseases, skin diseases with an autoimmune component, ulcerative colitis, bacterial vaginosis, skin candidiasis, increased intestinal permeability syndrome.

Use of Curcuma xanthorrhiza in Mixtures and Complexes: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, intestinal dysbiosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obstructive pulmonary diseases, bacterial urinary tract infections, chronic fatigue syndrome, acne, premenstrual syndrome.

Pharmacological Properties of Curcuma xanthorrhiza: hepatoprotective, choleretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, antiseptic, spasmolytic, gastroprotective, adaptogenic, nephroprotective, prebiotic, antiglycemic, antifungal, dermatotropic, estrogen-like.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Powder — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Powder): Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic hepatitis, dyspeptic disorder, hypercholesterolemia, inflammatory joint diseases, skin diseases with an autoimmune component.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1.5–2 g of powder twice daily, 30 minutes before meals, washed down with warm water. Duration of intake — from 14 to 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 2–2.5 g of powder 3 times a day for pronounced fatty infiltration of the liver, pronounced hypercholesterolemia, psoriasis with joint involvement, and nodular polyarthritis. Course no more than 21 days.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 3 g 3 times a day. Permissible only for severe steatohepatitis or in complex therapy of refractory skin diseases. No more than 10 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5–1 g once daily for 30 days, the course repeated every 3 months. Recommended for metabolic syndrome, chronic dermatoses in remission, initial degree hypercholesterolemia, and patients with obesity or risk of hepatic steatosis.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 7 years of age with a body weight of at least 25 kg — 250 mg twice daily after meals. Data on use in younger children have not been scientifically registered.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual hypersensitivity, acute cholecystitis, biliary obstruction, exacerbation of peptic ulcer. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 7 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): In case of overdose — diarrhea, nausea, feeling of heaviness in the epigastrium. In rare cases, an increase in transaminases is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For patients with body weight less than 60 kg — use the lower limits of the dosage. For patients with weight over 90 kg, a dosage increase of 20% is possible, without exceeding the maximum thresholds.

Preparation Method (Powder): Ingredients: Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizomes — 100 g. The washed rhizomes are dried at a temperature of 45–50 °C for 72 hours to a residual moisture content of no more than 8%. Then ground to a fine powder state with a particle size of less than 200 microns. The finished powder is sifted and packaged in an airtight dark glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in an airtight dark glass container at a temperature of +8 to +20 °C in a dark place protected from direct light and sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening the package, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Dry Extract): Metabolic syndrome, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver disease, dyspepsia, hypercholesterolemia, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, irritable bowel syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 300–500 mg of dry extract (calculated as curcuminoids not less than 20%) twice daily before meals. Course — 21–30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 750 mg 3 times a day for steatohepatitis, chronic cholestasis, and pronounced.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): 1000 mg 3 times a day (3 g per day). Permissible only under medical supervision for severe forms of steatohepatitis, refractory dyslipidemia, and as part of complex therapy of metabolic syndrome. No more than 10 days.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 250 mg of dry extract once daily. Taken for 30 days every 3 months by patients with obesity, lipid metabolism disorders, a tendency to chronic inflammatory skin diseases, and with a history of liver dysfunction.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): From 10 years of age and body weight from 30 kg — 100–150 mg twice daily. Data on use in children under 10 years of age are absent.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Hypersensitivity, acute cholecystitis, mechanical jaundice, obstruction of the bile ducts. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in pediatric practice under 10 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): Diarrhea, transient intestinal spasms, and change in urine color with intake in high doses are possible. Allergic skin reactions are possible in sensitive patients.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): Up to 60 kg — start with the lower limit (300 mg). Over 90 kg — correction up to 750 mg is possible with good tolerance.

Preparation Method (Dry Extract): Ingredients per 100 g of extract. Raw material: Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizomes — 1000 g, water — 2.5 liters. Procedure: The dry raw material is crushed and poured with hot purified water (95 °C). Extraction is carried out for 3 hours at a temperature of 80–85 °C. After filtration, the extract is evaporated in a water bath to a volume of 300 ml. The resulting concentrate is dried in a spray drying device or by lyophilization to obtain a dry powder-like extract.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in an airtight container in a cool, dry, light-protected place at a temperature of +4 to +20 °C. Avoid contact with metals and sources of EMI. Shelf life — 18 months. After opening the package, use within 30 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Tincture): Chronic cholecystitis, atonic biliary disorders, dyspepsia, chronic gastritis, hypochlorhydria, flatulence, inflammation of the gallbladder, hepatobiliary dysfunction.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 15–20 drops (1 ml) of tincture twice daily, 20 minutes before meals, diluted in 30 ml of water. Duration of intake — up to 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 25 drops 3 times a day (1.25 ml per dose) for pronounced cholestasis, chronic hepatitis with sluggish bile secretion, and congestive dyspepsia. Permissible up to 10 days with transition to the standard dosage.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 1.5 ml 3 times a day (4.5 ml/day). Permitted for severe functional biliary dyskinesia. No more than 7 consecutive days, under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops once daily in the morning on an empty stomach, dissolved in 50 ml of water. Course — 15 days, every 2 months. Suitable for patients with sluggish bile secretion, weak gastric secretion, and in old age.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Not recommended for children under 12 years of age due to ethanol content. From 12 years — no more than 5 drops once daily with a body weight from 35 kg.

Contraindications (Tincture): Acute inflammations of the liver and gastrointestinal tract, peptic ulcer in the exacerbation phase, alcoholism, pregnancy, lactation. In childhood under 12 years of age, use is not recommended. Allergy to curcuminoids or alcohol.

Side Effects (Tincture): Nausea, increased heartburn, dizziness, and headache are possible when the dose is exceeded. Very rarely — tachycardia and hypotension.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): Weight up to 50 kg — no more than 15 drops. Weight over 90 kg — an increase up to 25–30 drops is permissible under monitoring of the gastrointestinal reaction.

Preparation Method (Tincture): Ingredients per 100 ml: dry Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizomes — 20 g; 70% ethanol (plant-based) — 100 ml. The prepared crushed raw material is poured with alcohol in a dark glass container. Infused for 10 days in a light-protected place at a temperature of +18…+22 °C, shaking daily. After filtration, the tincture is ready for use.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in an airtight dark glass container at a temperature of +8 to +25 °C, away from sources of heat and EMI. Shelf life — up to 24 months. After opening — no more than 60 days, with tight closure of the bottle.

Oil Infusion — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, contact dermatitis, skin mycoses, hyperpigmentation, skin itching, aging skin.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally 1–2 times a day. Apply in a thin layer to affected skin areas. Do not rinse. Course — 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 3 times a day for acute skin inflammations accompanied by itching, peeling, and microdamage. Occlusive application (under film) at night is possible. Duration — no more than 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): 4 times a day on limited areas (up to 10% of body surface). For generalized skin lesions — not recommended. Used only as prescribed by a physician.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Once daily on dry skin areas or the zone of chronic inflammations. Course — 10 days, repeat once a month. Recommended for patients with dry, sensitive skin, a tendency to recurrent dermatitis, and after sun exposure.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 3 years — once daily on small skin areas, no more than 5% of body surface. A test for individual tolerance is mandatory. If necessary — consultation with a dermatologist.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Acute pustular skin lesions, allergic reaction to essential oils or base components, weeping dermatoses. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years of age have not been registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): In case of overdose — skin irritation, burning, urticaria, increased itching. Yellow staining of the skin is possible (reversible).

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Not required — the form is applied externally. However, in persons with body weight up to 20 kg, the volume of application should be limited to no more than 2 g per day.

Preparation Method (Oil Infusion): Ingredients per 100 g of product: dry crushed Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizomes — 20 g; organic cold-pressed sesame oil — 100 g. The raw material is poured with oil and kept in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C for 3 hours, periodically stirring. Infused for another 5 days in a dark place at a temperature of +20…+25 °C. Strained through linen cloth. The finished infusion is poured into a dark glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a tightly closed dark glass bottle at a temperature of +4…+20 °C, in a dry and dark place, away from sources of light, heat, and EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppositories — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Vaginal Suppositories): Bacterial vaginosis, candidal vulvovaginitis, atrophic vaginitis, vaginitis of mixed etiology, inflammatory diseases of the vaginal mucosa, itching of the external genitalia, condition after colpitis.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository (containing 100 mg of extract) once daily at night, intravaginally. Course — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository twice daily (morning and evening) for pronounced bacterial vaginosis, persistent candidiasis, or vulvitis. Duration — up to 7 days.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Up to 3 suppositories per day (morning, afternoon, night) for exacerbation of chronic vulvovaginitis or therapy of recurrent candidiasis as part of a multicomponent regimen. Duration — no more than 5 days, then transition to the standard dose.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository every other day for 10 days after the end of the main course of treatment. Recommended for patients with recurrent vaginosis, in postmenopause, and when using intrauterine devices.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Use in children and adolescents under 16 years of age is not recommended due to the absence of scientific safety data.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppositories): Pregnancy (especially first trimester), individual hypersensitivity, active ulcerative lesions of the vaginal mucosa, malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system. Scientific data on use during lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppositories): Moderate burning, itching at the site of administration, and increased vaginal discharge are possible. In rare cases — allergic vulvitis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppositories): Not required — the form is for local application. With low body weight (up to 45 kg), an individual reaction is possible — it is recommended to administer a half dose at the first application.

Preparation Method (Vaginal Suppositories): Ingredients per 100 g: Dry Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract (standardized) — 10 g; cocoa butter (organic) — 85 g; purified beeswax — 5 g. Melt cocoa butter and wax in a water bath until completely homogeneous (at a temperature of 50–55 °C), add thoroughly crushed extract, and stir until uniform distribution. Pour the mass into suppository molds (2 g each) and cool at +4 °C. Package the finished suppositories individually.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppositories): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2 to +8 °C, away from light, moisture, and EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening the individual package, use within 24 hours.

Rectal Suppositories — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Rectal Suppositories): Ulcerative colitis, proctitis, hemorrhoids, anal fissures, inflammations of the rectum after radiation therapy, irritable bowel syndrome with a predominance of diarrhea, chronic hepatitis.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository (containing 100 mg of extract) once daily at night, rectally, after cleansing the intestine. Course — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository twice daily (morning and evening) for exacerbation of ulcerative colitis or proctosigmoiditis. Course — up to 10 days with subsequent transition to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 3 suppositories per day for severe hemorrhoids with inflammation and bleeding, and for ulcerative colitis in the subcompensation phase. Duration — no more than 5 days, thereafter only under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository 2 times a week for 30 days. Used in patients with chronic anorectal inflammations, in the remission period of ulcerative colitis, with a sedentary lifestyle, and with a tendency to constipation and congestive phenomena in the lesser pelvis.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): From 10 years of age with a body weight of at least 30 kg — 1/2 suppository (about 50 mg) once daily. In younger children, use is not recommended due to insufficient clinical data.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppositories): Acute rectal bleeding, thrombosis of hemorrhoidal nodes, allergy to components, malignant neoplasms of the rectum. Data on safety during pregnancy and lactation are absent. In children under 10 years of age — contraindicated.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppositories): Local burning, urges to defecate, in rare cases — loose stool. In case of overdose, nausea or abdominal discomfort is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppositories): Patients up to 50 kg — use a half dose. Patients with body weight over 90 kg — transition to the enhanced regimen is permissible in the absence of adverse reactions.

Preparation Method (Rectal Suppositories): Ingredients per 100 g: dry Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract (curcuminoid concentration not less than 20%) — 10 g; cocoa butter (organic) — 85 g; calendula oil — 5 g. Melt the oils in a water bath to a temperature of 50 °C, add the extract, and stir thoroughly. Pour into molds of 2 g each. Cool at +4 °C until solidified. Package in individual blisters.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppositories): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2 to +8 °C, in a place protected from light and EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening the package, use within 48 hours.

Nasal Drops — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Nasal Drops): Chronic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, sinusitis in the remission phase, post-viral edema of the nasal mucosa, allergic rhinitis outside the exacerbation phase, dry nasal mucosa syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1–2 drops into each nostril twice daily, morning and evening, after washing the nose. Course of use — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops into each nostril 3 times a day for pronounced mucosal edema, nasal congestion syndrome, and post-infectious rhinitis. Duration — up to 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): Up to 4 drops into each nostril 4 times a day during the acute period of allergic or vasomotor rhinitis. No more than 3 consecutive days, then transition to the standard regimen.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop into each nostril once daily in the morning, course — 10 days every 2 months. Recommended for patients with seasonal allergies outside the pollen period, chronic rhinitis, and increased mucosal dryness.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): From 6 years — 1 drop into each nostril once daily. With good tolerance — twice daily. Below 6 years — not recommended due to the risk of mucosal irritation.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Acute purulent sinusitis, nosebleeds, nasal polyposis, individual sensitivity to components. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years of age are absent.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Burning, tingling in the nose, increased secretion, sneezing. In rare cases — allergic rhinitis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): Not required. In patients with reduced body weight (less than 45 kg), start with the minimum volume — 1 drop into each nostril.

Preparation Method (Nasal Drops): Ingredients per 100 ml: aqueous Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract (1:5) — 30 ml; vegetable glycerin — 5 ml; distilled water — 65 ml. The finished aqueous extract is filtered, mixed with glycerin and water, and stirred until homogeneous. The solution is sterilized at a temperature of 95 °C for 20 minutes. After cooling, it is poured into sterile dark glass dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +4…+8 °C. Avoid exposure to light and EMI. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening — use within 7 days.

Ear Drops — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Ear Drops): External otitis, serous otitis, eczema of the external auditory canal, fungal ear infection (otomycosis), post-traumatic inflammation of the external ear, itching in the auditory canal.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops into the external auditory canal twice daily, after ear hygiene. Course — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation, edema, itching, or mycoses. Duration — no more than 5 days, then transition to the standard dose.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): Up to 4 drops 4 times a day for purulent external otitis (as part of complex therapy). No more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1–2 drops once daily for 5 days after swimming in open water bodies or visiting a pool. Recommended for individuals prone to otitis and eczema of the auditory canal.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 5 years — 1 drop 1–2 times a day. With body weight up to 20 kg — strictly under adult supervision. Below 5 years — not recommended.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the eardrum, acute purulent otitis media, allergy to components, mechanical ear injuries. Scientific data on use during pregnancy and in children under 5 years of age are absent.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Rarely — short-term burning, irritation of the auditory canal, increased itching. In case of overdose — local edema.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): Not required. With body weight less than 45 kg, use the initial minimum dose — 1 drop.

Preparation Method (Ear Drops): Ingredients per 100 ml: curcuma xanthorrhiza oil infusion (based on sesame oil) — 50 ml; black cumin oil — 30 ml; calendula oil — 20 ml. Mix the oils at a temperature of +35 °C, keep at +45 °C for 1 hour for homogenization. Cool and filter through a sterile filter. Pour into dark glass dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store at a temperature of +4…+20 °C, in a dark place protected from EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening — use within 14 days.

Ointment — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Ointment): Psoriasis, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, skin mycoses, hyperpigmentation, trophic ulcers, skin fissures, dermatitis against the background of metabolic disorders, neurodermatitis.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Externally twice daily. Apply in a thin, even layer to clean, dry skin. Do not rinse. Course — 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): 3 times a day for exacerbation of chronic inflammatory dermatoses, mycoses, deep fissures, and itching. Application under a gauze dressing is possible. Duration — up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 4 times a day on limited areas (no more than 10% of body surface) for severe hyperkeratosis, psoriasis, and recurrent neurodermatitis. No more than 5 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once daily before bedtime, in courses of 7 days per month. Recommended for patients with dry, irritated skin, during seasonal exacerbations of dermatoses, elderly patients, and individuals with lipid metabolism disorders.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 3 years — once daily on limited areas (up to 5% of body surface). Preferably applied in the evening, without occlusion. In younger children, use only as prescribed by a physician.

Contraindications (Ointment): Open wounds, acute pustular lesions, allergy to curcuminoids, severe forms of exudative dermatitis. Data on use during pregnancy and lactation are absent. Not recommended for children under 3 years of age.

Side Effects (Ointment): Local hyperemia, increased itching, skin peeling. In case of overdose — yellow staining of the skin, reversible upon discontinuation of use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): Not required. With body weight up to 20 kg — reduce the dose proportionally to the area of application.

Preparation Method (Ointment): Ingredients per 100 g: dry Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract — 10 g; cold-pressed coconut oil — 20 g; Shea butter (karite) — 30 g; beeswax — 10 g; anhydrous lanolin — 30 g. Melt the oils and wax in a water bath at a temperature of 50–55 °C. Add the extract and stir thoroughly until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Cool with constant stirring. Package into opaque glass jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store at a temperature of +4…+12 °C, in an airtight dark container protected from light and EMI. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Cream — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Cream): Hyperpigmentation, age-related skin changes, dull complexion, post-inflammatory spots, seborrheic dermatitis, initial manifestations of rosacea, irritation after shaving or aggressive cosmetic procedures.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Externally 1–2 times a day on cleansed skin of the face and neck, with light patting movements until completely absorbed. Course — 28 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Up to 3 times a day on problem skin areas for pronounced hyperpigmentation or inflammatory dermatoses in the remission phase. Duration — no more than 10 days with subsequent transition to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): 4 applications per day is not recommended — hypersensitivity is possible. For persistent post-inflammatory spots, spot application up to 3–4 times a day on limited zones is permissible. Maximum — 5 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Once daily at night, in courses of 10–14 days with a break of 1 month. Recommended for dull skin, prevention of age-related changes, and during climatically unfavorable periods (heat, wind, dry air).

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): From 6 years of age with skin hypersensitivity — once daily on limited facial areas. Under 6 years of age, not recommended.

Contraindications (Cream): Individual intolerance, active inflammatory or pustular eruptions, fresh burns, allergy to curcumin and oils. There are no reliable data on use during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 6 years of age.

Side Effects (Cream): Local allergic reaction, burning sensation, increased hyperemia, yellow tint of the skin (reversible). When the frequency of application is exceeded — irritation and peeling.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Not required. The volume of application depends on the area of use, not body weight.

Preparation Method (Cream): Ingredients per 100 g: dry Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract — 5 g; lavender hydrolate — 30 ml; grapeseed oil — 15 g; jojoba oil — 10 g; emulsifier (sucrose stearate) — 5 g; shea butter — 10 g; vegetable glycerin — 5 ml; distilled water — up to 100 ml. Phase A (oil): shea butter, jojoba, grapeseed, extract, emulsifier. Phase B (aqueous): water, hydrolate, glycerin. Heat both phases to 65 °C, pour B into A with stirring. Cool with constant stirring until a stable emulsion is obtained. Package into dark glass tubes.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature of +4 to +10 °C, in a dark place protected from direct light, moisture, and EMI. Shelf life — 60 days. After opening, use within 30 days.

Lotion — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Lotion): Hyperpigmentation, oily skin, enlarged pores, dull complexion, irritation after sun exposure, prevention of photoaging, seborrhea of the scalp, acne, inflammatory stage of acne.

Standard Dosage (Lotion): Externally twice daily. Apply to cleansed skin of the face, neck, or inflammation zone with a cotton pad without rinsing. Course — 14–28 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Lotion): Up to 3 times a day for pronounced skin oiliness, inflammatory foci, and acne in the stage of active inflammation. Duration — up to 10 days, then transition to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Lotion): Up to 4 applications per day on separate skin areas (spot-wise). Used no more than 5 consecutive days. When the frequency is exceeded, skin sensitization is possible.

Preventive Dosage (Lotion): Once daily, in the evening, on skin prone to oiliness, pigmentation, inflammation, or loss of tone. Course — 10 days per month. Recommended for adolescents, patients with combination and oily skin, and in hot climates.

Pediatric Dosage (Lotion): From 10 years of age with oily skin or acne — once daily, spot-wise. Below 10 years — not recommended due to possible skin reaction.

Contraindications (Lotion): Allergy to components, active exudative dermatitis, fresh skin damage, acute burns. There are no data on use during pregnancy and in children under 10 years of age.

Side Effects (Lotion): Burning, peeling, skin irritation, especially with sensitive skin type. With prolonged use without a break — dryness, yellowish tint of the skin.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Lotion): Not required. The volume of application depends exclusively on the area of use.

Preparation Method (Lotion): Ingredients per 100 ml: aqueous Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract (1:5) — 25 ml; chamomile hydrolate — 25 ml; aloe vera juice — 10 ml; organic 5% apple cider vinegar — 5 ml, vegetable glycerin — 5 ml; distilled water — 30 ml. Mix all components in a sterile container at a temperature not exceeding 30 °C. Stir until complete homogenization. Filter and pour into dark glass dispenser bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Lotion): Store at a temperature of +4…+10 °C, in a tightly closed bottle protected from light and EMI. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 14 days.

Cosmetic Serum — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Indications (Cosmetic Serum): Hyperpigmentation, skin photoaging, age-related wrinkles, dull complexion, inflammatory elements of acne, loss of skin elasticity, dermatitis in the remission stage, recovery after aggressive cosmetic procedures.

Standard Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): 1–2 drops on the face and neck once daily in the evening, on cleansed skin, until completely absorbed. Course — 28 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): 2 drops twice daily (morning and evening) on zones of hyperpigmentation, photoaging areas, and local inflammations. Apply up to 10 days, then — the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Up to 3 times a day spot-wise, on problem skin areas (wrinkles, post-acne, hyperpigmentation). No more than 5 consecutive days. If irritation appears, switch to the basic regimen.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): 1 drop once every 2 days in the evening. Course — 21 days. Recommended for the first signs of skin aging, in the off-season, for dull skin tone, and for people over 35 years of age.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Not recommended for children and adolescents under 14 years of age. From 14 years — spot-wise, once daily on inflammatory elements for acne in the remission phase.

Contraindications (Cosmetic Serum): Active skin inflammation, pustular diseases, allergy to curcumin or oils, individual sensitivity. Data on use during pregnancy and lactation are absent. For children under 14 years of age — not recommended.

Side Effects (Cosmetic Serum): Burning, redness, peeling, yellow staining of the skin. In case of overdose — increased dryness, irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cosmetic Serum): Not required. The dosage volume is based on the area of application, not body weight.

Preparation Method (Cosmetic Serum): Ingredients per 100 ml: damask rose hydrolate — 30 ml; aqueous Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract (1:5) — 25 ml; plant-derived hyaluronic acid — 0.3 g; vegetable glycerin — 5 ml; tamanu oil — 5 ml; distilled water — up to 100 ml. Dissolve hyaluronic acid in water with stirring, then add the remaining components. Stir the mixture until a homogeneous gel is obtained. Sterilely pour into dark glass pipette bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetic Serum): Store at a temperature of +4…+8 °C, in a place protected from light and EMI. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 14 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Curcuma xanthorrhiza possesses a high degree of biological safety and low toxicity with oral and external use. Animal studies have shown that aqueous and alcohol extracts of the plant did not cause acute toxic effects when administered at doses significantly exceeding therapeutic ones.

The acute oral toxicity (LD50) of the ethanol extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza in mice is more than 5000 mg/kg body weight, which indicates its low toxicity according to the OECD classification. With prolonged use, no clinically significant deviations in hematological and biochemical blood parameters, as well as morphological changes in internal organs, were observed.

External use of the oil infusion and cream forms did not cause skin sensitization or irritation in controlled human studies. When used in the form of suppositories, nasal and ear drops, systemic toxicity or bioaccumulation of active substances was also not noted.

Thus, Curcuma xanthorrhiza is classified as a phytotherapeutic agent with confirmed low acute toxicity and high tolerance, including when used in multicomponent regimens.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8214482

Pharmacodynamics — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Curcuma xanthorrhiza is a source of biologically active substances, mainly curcuminoids (including xanthorrhizol, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin), essential oils (α- and β-turmerone, atlantone), as well as phenolic compounds. The pharmacodynamic effects of the plant are realized at the systemic and local levels, including direct and indirect effects on cellular signaling pathways, enzyme cascades, receptor complexes, and mediator mechanisms.

One of the central effects of Curcuma xanthorrhiza is a pronounced anti-inflammatory action, realized through suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and activation of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. Xanthorrhizol, a unique component of this type of turmeric, has the ability to modulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) through an effect on iNOS and reduce the activation of the nuclear factor NF-κB, which participates in the regulation of inflammatory processes in various tissues. This makes Curcuma xanthorrhiza an active modulator of the immune response at both the cellular and humoral levels.

The antioxidant properties of the preparation are due to the high content of phenolic compounds and curcuminoids, which neutralize free radicals, suppress lipid peroxidation, and activate superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme systems. These processes are realized both in the systemic bloodstream and in the tissues of the liver, skin, and mucous membranes. The preparation has a direct stabilizing effect on cell membranes, protects mitochondrial structures from oxidative stress, and modulates the level of glutathione in the cell.

The local effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza is manifested in dermatotropic and regenerative activity, which is realized through stimulation of fibroblast proliferation, enhancement of type I collagen synthesis, and suppression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9). These mechanisms underlie the restoration of the skin barrier and normalization of dermal metabolism.

At the level of the gastrointestinal tract, the plant components regulate bile secretion, modulate motility, and have an antisecretory effect due to modulation of gastrin receptors. Essential oils demonstrate a spasmolytic effect due to blockade of calcium channels of smooth muscle, which has been confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies.

With respect to endocrine regulation, Curcuma xanthorrhiza possesses a mild hypolipidemic effect, acting on the expression of genes regulating lipogenesis and β-oxidation of fatty acids in the liver. Flavonoids of the plant activate PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, which is accompanied by normalization of the lipid profile in experimental models. Modulation of adiponectin and leptin levels is also noted, which indicates indirect participation in the regulation of energy metabolism.

In the nervous system, xanthorrhizol and curcuminoids demonstrate a moderate neuroprotective effect. They inhibit MAO-A and MAO-B (monoamine oxidases), contribute to the regulation of dopamine and serotonin levels in brain structures, and also exhibit anxiolytic properties, which are confirmed by behavioral experiments on laboratory animals. This combination of effects makes the preparation pharmacologically relevant from the point of view of mild regulation of emotional background and cognitive tone.

The combination of these mechanisms confirms that the pharmacodynamics of Curcuma xanthorrhiza covers a wide sphere of physiological target systems, including the immune, endocrine, nervous, gastrointestinal, and skin systems. The action of the preparation is realized through multicomponent synergistic mechanisms and is characterized by a multilevel influence on enzyme, receptor, and genetic regulatory targets.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717...

Pharmacokinetics — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

The pharmacokinetic properties of Curcuma xanthorrhiza are determined predominantly by natural polyphenols and terpene compounds contained in the rhizomes of the plant. With oral administration, the active components are absorbed in the proximal part of the small intestine by passive diffusion, and to a lesser extent — by means of transport proteins. Bioavailability may vary depending on the form of the preparation: powder forms and aqueous extracts are characterized by limited penetrating ability, while alcohol tinctures and dry extracts in combination with lipophilic carriers demonstrate more stable systemic availability.

After entering the bloodstream, the active substances are distributed predominantly in the liver, spleen, mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and adipose tissue. Due to their high lipophilicity, a significant part of the compounds tends to deposit in cell membranes, which determines their cumulative effect with prolonged use. Transdermal and mucosal forms of the preparation — ointments, creams, suppositories, and drops — provide predominantly local or regional distribution, with possible penetration into the lymphatic and capillary networks of epithelial tissues.

Metabolism is carried out predominantly in the liver with the participation of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Natural flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, and curcuminoids undergo phase I (hydroxylation, reduction) and phase II metabolism (glucuronidation, sulfation), which leads to the formation of hydrophilic metabolites. It has been established that the bacterial microflora of the intestine also participates in the transformation of some compounds, especially with prolonged use of powder and aqueous forms, which affects the level of active metabolites in the systemic circulation.

The excretion of metabolites is carried out predominantly with bile, and to a lesser extent — with urine. Direct renal excretion is characteristic of water-soluble metabolites of flavonoid origin. With external and intravaginal use, the route of excretion is represented mainly by epithelial desquamation and skin/mucosal secretions. Inhalation and parenteral administration of active substances are not used in therapeutic practice, and their kinetics are not described in the available literature.

Some components of Javanese turmeric may exhibit moderate enterohepatic circulation, prolonging their presence in the body. The literature notes that lipophilic fractions tend to slow release from fat depots, which may explain the prolonged effects after discontinuation of intake. When using extracts in combination with other phyto-preparations, pharmacokinetic interactions at the level of metabolic enzymes and transport proteins are possible, including effects of inhibition or induction.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

The phytochemical profile of Curcuma xanthorrhiza includes curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin), xanthorrhizol (arylheptanoid), essential oils (including atlantone and β-turmerone), flavonoids, and terpenes, which act on multiple cellular and molecular targets. One of the basic mechanisms of action is the inhibition of the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB, which regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in macrophages, microglia, and epithelial cells. Suppression of this cascade is realized through blocking the phosphorylation of IκB kinase, preventing the translocation of the NF-κB complex into the nucleus and the transcription of inflammatory mediators.

Simultaneously, activation of the Nrf2-dependent pathway regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes — superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase — has been revealed. This provides a decrease in the level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in cells, stabilization of the mitochondrial membrane, and protection from apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Separate studies have shown the influence of curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol on the MAPK pathways (ERK1/2, JNK, p38), through which the modulation of proliferation, differentiation, and cell response to stress signals occurs.

Curcuma xanthorrhiza also has a regulatory effect on the enzyme systems of arachidonic acid metabolism: it inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX), reducing the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes involved in inflammatory and pain reactions. This effect is enhanced by suppression of phospholipase A2 activation, which limits the availability of the substrate for these enzymes. The plant also influences the expression of iNOS (inducible NO synthase), reducing the production of nitric oxide in inflammatory foci, including through an effect on the JAK/STAT signaling pathways.

Flavonoid and sesquiterpene components of Curcuma xanthorrhiza demonstrate inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which indicates the potential for modulation of neurotransmitter processes, sugar levels, and melanin synthesis. The effect of xanthorrhizol on PPAR-γ and PPAR-α receptors, which play a key role in the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as in the suppression of inflammation at the level of the vascular endothelium, has also been confirmed. Through these mechanisms, a decrease in the expression of adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1) involved in the activation and migration of neutrophils is observed.

Essential oils, especially atlantone and arylheptanoids, demonstrate antimicrobial properties realized through destabilization of bacterial membranes and inhibition of DNA biosynthesis in sensitive strains. Some components affect quorum-sensing systems, disrupting the coordinated behavior of bacterial populations. In addition, the ability to enhance apoptosis in atypical cells through the mitochondrial cascade pathway with activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, including by increasing the level of cytochrome c in the cytosol, has been revealed.

The complex effect of Curcuma xanthorrhiza is realized through multiple levels of cellular regulation — from changes in gene expression to direct interaction with receptors and enzymes involved in homeostasis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation. Based on structural analogies and pharmacological studies, the plant complex demonstrates a system of cross-modulation, where each component enhances or complements the action of the others, forming a polyvalent biological activity.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8214482
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30885748
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711321001706
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13880209.2017.1313354
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/6/879
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Xanthorrhizol

Synergy — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Curcuma xanthorrhiza demonstrates pronounced synergistic properties when combined with a number of plant and natural substances, which is confirmed by the results of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. One of the most studied aspects is the potentiation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action when combined with other curcumin-containing plants and phenolic compounds. The combined use of Curcuma xanthorrhiza with Camellia sinensis (green tea), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), and Andrographis paniculata has an additive and in some cases potentiating effect on the expression of antioxidant defense genes (Nrf2, HO-1, GCLC), and also enhances the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6.

A pharmacodynamic complementation has been revealed when combining curcuminoids of Curcuma xanthorrhiza with terpenoid compounds of Boswellia serrata, due to joint suppression of COX-2 and 5-LOX activity. Such a combination has a synergistic effect on the inhibition of the prostaglandin and leukotriene pathways of inflammation, enhancing tissue-specific modulation of inflammatory processes. It has also been shown that essential oils of Curcuma xanthorrhiza in combination with Nigella sativa or Ocimum sanctum oil have a protective and antimicrobial synergism due to the destruction of bacterial membranes and disruption of protein synthesis in a number of gram-positive and gram-negative strains.

Synergy at the level of immunomodulation is observed when combining Curcuma xanthorrhiza with β-glucans (e.g., from Saccharomyces cerevisiae), which is accompanied by enhanced phagocytic activity of macrophages, increased production of IL-10, and a decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such interaction is modulating in nature and is manifested predominantly at the systemic level, including the spleen, bone marrow, and intestinal lymphoid tissue.

Metabolic synergies have also been confirmed in the combination of curcuminoids of Curcuma xanthorrhiza with substances activating the nuclear receptors PPAR-α/γ. In particular, synergism with polyphenols of Vaccinium myrtillus and Cinnamomum verum contributes to a more pronounced effect on the regulation of lipid metabolism, a decrease in LDL oxidation, and suppression of the expression of lipogenic enzymes. In a number of in vivo models, such a combination demonstrates a potentiating effect on the expression of CPT1, ACOX1 genes and a decrease in the levels of MCP-1 and resistin in liver tissues.

Additional interest is aroused by the combination of Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract with quercetin and apigenin, in which there is an enhancement of apoptotic activity in the culture of atypical cells, induced through the mitochondrial pathway (increased cytosolic cytochrome c, caspase-9, and caspase-3). These interactions are associated with the cumulative effect on the p53, Bax/Bcl-2 cascades and suppression of survivin expression, which indicates the prospects of tissue-specific synergy in cell lines.

Separately, an enhancement of the bioavailability of curcuminoids of Curcuma xanthorrhiza when combined with piperine from Piper nigrum has been established, due to inhibition of glucuronidation in the liver and intestine. This leads to a longer preservation of active metabolites in the systemic circulation and prolongation of the effect, which is especially important for extract and oil forms of administration. Such interaction is metabolic and pharmacokinetic in nature and has been confirmed in controlled animal studies and in small pilot clinical series.

Thus, the synergy of Curcuma xanthorrhiza is realized both through pharmacodynamic enhancement and modulation of signaling pathways and through pharmacokinetic interactions affecting absorption, metabolism, and tissue distribution. This makes the plant an important component of polyvalent phyto-preparations with targeted systemic action.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8214482
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30885748
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944711321001706
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10787-020-00695-5

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Curcuma xanthorrhiza

Curcuma xanthorrhiza is traditionally used in the folk and classical plant medicine of Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, the southern part of Thailand, as well as on the islands of Java, Bali, Kalimantan, and Sumatra. The plant has the greatest cultural and pharmacological significance in the Javanese ethnomedical tradition, where it is known under the name temulawak. Since ancient times, this taxon has been considered sacred in village healing practices, and is also used in the local herbal healing system "jamu," which is a stable tradition of phytotherapy that absorbed elements of Ayurveda and ancient Indian medicine adapted to the flora of the Indonesian archipelago.

In folk medicine, Curcuma xanthorrhiza is used in the form of rhizome powder, aqueous decoction, paste, alcohol tincture, and oil extracts. Often the rhizomes are crushed and poured with hot water, then strained and used internally or externally. Applying warm pulp from fresh root to various parts of the body, including the lower abdomen and joint areas, is also common. Among the peoples of Bali and Sunda, the plant is often used as part of wraps for women, as well as in traditional practices of restoring the body after childbirth. It is believed that curcuminum promotes "internal cleansing," restoration of energy, and balance between bodily fluids. These practices are accompanied by aromatic smoking of dried parts of the plant, which, according to local beliefs, drives away evil spirits and purifies space.

Among the Bugis, one of the ethnic peoples of South Sulawesi, Javanese turmeric was part of ritual ceremonies timed to seasonal holidays of purification of body and spirit, and was used as part of protective potions. In the tradition of the Dayak tribes of Kalimantan, the root was used in protective ointments and pastes applied to the forehead, chest, and shoulder area during initiations or seeing off on a journey. On the islands of Lombok and Flores, dried rhizomes were part of smoking mixtures used in the divinatory practices of shamans, as well as in rituals of crop protection.

In Thai medicine, Curcuma xanthorrhiza is known as [curcuma xanthorrhiza] and is used along with other types of turmeric in the form of pastes and warm compresses. In the northern regions of Thailand, mentions of the use of the plant as part of traditional inhalation procedures in the preparation of "herbal steam baths," practiced in monastic and women's restorative procedures, are found. Often such procedures are accompanied by the singing of incantations and massage with oil infused with turmeric. In Lanka and southern India, Curcuma xanthorrhiza was sometimes used as a component of cosmetic mixtures for consecration rites, especially among women.

Historically, the first recorded mentions of the plant as a medicinal remedy date back to the 13th–14th centuries, where it is mentioned in the manuscripts of the Javanese herbals, preserved in copies on palm leaves (lontar), as a remedy for restoring vitality and maintaining body purity. The plant was considered both an amulet, and in the villages of Java the root was often hung over the entrance to the house or placed under the threshold of the newborn. In the folklore tradition, Curcuma xanthorrhiza is associated with purification, the healing energy of the earth, and the ability to drive away diseases arising from the "dirty spirit" or disturbed balance by internal forces of the body itself. These ideas have survived to the present time in the forms of jamu and rural medicine.