Jasminum sambac (flower)

Jasminum sambac (flower)

Product Name: Жасмин самбак, Jasminum sambac, Arabischer Jasmin, Jazmín árabe, Jasmin d’Arabie, الياسمين العربي, มะลิ, жасмин арабский, араб жасміні, ərəb yasmini, жасмин арабӣ, arabinis jazminas, arābu jasmīns, арабський жасмин, ərəb yasmini, יסמין ערבי

Synonyms: жасмин арабский, жасмин индийский, Arabian jasmine, Sambac jasmine, Arabischer Jasmin, Sambac-Jasmin, jazmín de Arabia, jazmín sambac, jasmin d’Arabie, الياسمين السامباك, มะลิซ้อน, มะลิลา

Used Parts: leaves, flowers, stems, roots.

Main Indications for the Use of Jasminum sambac: chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, dysmenorrhea, algodismenorrhea, anxiety disorders, insomnia, dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.

Use of Jasminum sambac in Mixtures and Complexes: arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, oncological diseases in supportive therapy.

Pharmacological Properties of Jasminum sambac: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antispasmodic, sedative, anxiolytic, hypotensive, immunostimulating, wound-healing, gastroprotective, bronchodilatory, cytotoxic.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Jasminum sambac

Powder — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Powder): chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, dysmenorrhea, algodismenorrhea, anxiety disorders, insomnia, dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1–2 grams of powder per day, divided into 2 doses, orally after meals, with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 3–4 grams per day for chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, gastric ulcer, bacterial skin infections, course up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 5 grams per day, only under medical supervision for severe forms of bronchial asthma, gastric ulcer, dermatomycoses, pronounced bacterial skin lesions.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5–1 gram per day, 2–3 times a week, for chronic gastritis, dysmenorrhea, anxiety disorders, insomnia, for individuals with weakened immune systems, in courses of 1 month with a 1-month break.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): from 7 years old and body weight from 25 kg — 0.25–0.5 grams per day, divided into 2 doses; there are no data on use in children under 7 years.

Contraindications (Powder): individual hypersensitivity, severe allergic reactions; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 7 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Powder): nausea, diarrhea, allergic rash in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for body weight below 60 kg — reduce dose by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase dose by 10–15%.

Preparation method (Powder): take 100 grams of dried Jasminum sambac flowers, remove impurities, grind in a ceramic mortar to a fine powder, sift through a 0.3 mm mesh sieve. Store in an airtight container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): store in a dark, dry place at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C, in a tightly closed container, protected from direct sunlight and sources of EMR. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 3 months.

Dry Extract — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Dry Extract): chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, dysmenorrhea, algodismenorrhea, anxiety disorders, insomnia, dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, cytotoxic support in malignant neoplasms.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 200–400 milligrams of dry extract per day, divided into 2 doses after meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 500–800 milligrams per day for gastric ulcer, dermatomycoses, pronounced bacterial skin lesions, cytotoxic support, course up to 21 days.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): 1000 milligrams per day for severe inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract, chronic gastritis with erosions, dermatomycoses; only under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 100–200 milligrams per day, 3 times a week, for chronic gastritis, anxiety disorders, insomnia, in courses of 1 month with a 1-month break.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): from 12 years old and body weight from 35 kg — 50–100 milligrams per day; there are no data on use in children under 12 years.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): individual hypersensitivity; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): nausea, diarrhea, skin itching in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for body weight below 60 kg — reduce dose by 15–20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase dose by 10%.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): take 500 grams of dried Jasminum sambac flowers, grind, pour 2 liters of 70% ethanol (organic solvent, for extraction only), infuse for 7 days at a temperature of 20–22 °C, filter, evaporate in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C until the ethanol odor completely disappears, dry to a powder state. Residual ethanol content no more than 500 ppm.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): store in a dry place at a temperature of 15–25 °C, in a tightly closed dark glass container, protected from direct light and moisture. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 6 months.

Tincture — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Tincture): chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic gastritis with reduced secretion, gastric and duodenal ulcers in remission, dysmenorrhea, algodismenorrhea, anxiety disorders, insomnia, bacterial skin infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, cytotoxic support in malignant neoplasms.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 5–10 milliliters of tincture, diluted in 50 milliliters of warm water, 2 times a day after meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 15 milliliters 2 times a day for chronic bronchitis, bacterial skin infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, gastric ulcer in remission, course up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 20 milliliters 2 times a day for severe forms of chronic bronchitis, pronounced inflammatory processes of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, only under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 5 milliliters once daily, 2–3 times a week, for chronic gastritis, anxiety disorders, insomnia, in courses of 3–4 weeks with a 1-month break.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): from 14 years old and body weight from 40 kg — 2–3 milliliters 1–2 times a day; there are no data on use in children under 14 years.

Contraindications (Tincture): individual hypersensitivity, acute liver diseases, alcoholism; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 14 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): nausea, dizziness, allergic reactions in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for body weight below 60 kg — reduce dose by 15%; for weight above 90 kg — increase dose by 10%.

Preparation method (Tincture): take 100 grams of fresh or dried Jasminum sambac flowers, place in a glass jar, pour 500 milliliters of 40% ethanol (organic solvent, for extraction only), infuse in a dark place for 10 days at a temperature of 18–22 °C, shaking daily. After infusion, filter, pour into a dark bottle. For internal use, dilute with water before consumption.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 10–20 °C, in a hermetically sealed dark glass container. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 6 months.

Oil Infusion — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Oil Infusion): dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections, inflammatory diseases of mucous membranes, wound injuries of soft tissues, anxiety disorders, insomnia, algodismenorrhea (for external application to the abdominal area), chronic bronchitis (for inhalations).

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use 1–2 times a day, gently rubbing 2–3 milliliters into the affected area of skin or mucous membrane; for inhalations — 3–5 drops per 200 milliliters of hot water.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use 3–4 times a day for dermatomycoses, bacterial skin lesions, slowly healing wounds; course up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use up to 5 times a day for severe infectious and fungal skin lesions, only under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use once daily, 2–3 times a week, for chronic skin diseases, tendency to skin inflammation, in individuals with weakened immune systems; course 1 month with a 2-week break.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use from 3 years old — 1 milliliter once daily, avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes; there are no data on use in children under 3 years.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): individual hypersensitivity, acute purulent skin lesions; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): redness, itching, burning at the application site in case of overdose or increased sensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for external use, dose adjustment based on body weight is not required; for inhalations, with body weight below 60 kg — reduce the number of drops by 20%.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): take 20 grams of fresh or dried Jasminum sambac flowers, lightly grind, place in a glass jar, pour 100 milliliters of coconut oil, heat in a water bath at a temperature of 45–50 °C for 3 hours, stirring occasionally, then cool, filter, pour into a dark glass bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 8–15 °C, in a tightly closed dark glass container. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 3 months.

Ointment — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Ointment): dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections, slowly healing wound defects of soft tissues, inflammatory diseases of mucous membranes, eczema, psoriasis, chronic dermatitis, algodismenorrhea (external application to the abdominal area), neuralgia of superficial nerves.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): external application in a thin layer to the affected skin area 1–2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): external application 3–4 times a day for pronounced inflammatory processes, dermatomycoses, slowly healing wounds, course up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): external application up to 5 times a day for severe fungal and bacterial skin lesions, only under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): external application once daily, 2–3 times a week, for chronic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis in remission; course 1 month with a 2-week break.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): from 3 years old — application once daily to a small skin area (up to 5 cm²), avoid contact with mucous membranes; there are no data on use in children under 3 years.

Contraindications (Ointment): individual hypersensitivity, acute purulent skin processes; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Ointment): redness, itching, burning at the application site in case of overdose or allergic reaction.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for external use, dose adjustment based on body weight is not required.

Preparation method (Ointment): take 15 grams of dry Jasminum sambac flowers, grind, pour 75 milliliters of coconut oil, heat in a water bath at a temperature of 45–50 °C for 3 hours, filter, mix with 10 grams of beeswax, heat to 40 °C, stir until homogeneous, cool, pack into sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 8–15 °C, in a hermetically sealed container. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 2 months.

Cream — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Cream): dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections, inflammatory diseases of mucous membranes, chronic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, dry and cracked skin, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Standard Dosage (Cream): external application in a thin layer 1–2 times a day to affected or dry skin areas.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): external application 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation or skin peeling, course up to 21 days.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): external application up to 4 times a day for severe inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, only under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): external application once daily at night, 2–3 times a week, for chronic dermatoses and dry skin; course 1 month with a 2-week break.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): from 3 years old — application once daily to a small skin area (up to 5 cm²), avoid contact with mucous membranes; there are no data on use in children under 3 years.

Contraindications (Cream): individual hypersensitivity; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Cream): allergic rash, itching, redness in case of overdose or individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for external use, dose adjustment based on body weight is not required.

Preparation method (Cream): take 10 grams of dry Jasminum sambac flowers, grind, pour 60 milliliters of coconut oil, heat in a water bath at a temperature of 45–50 °C for 2 hours, filter, add 20 grams of beeswax and 10 grams of natural emulsifier (beeswax lanolin), heat to 40 °C, stir until homogeneous, cool, pack into sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 8–15 °C, in a hermetically sealed container. Shelf life — 9 months. After opening, use within 1 month.

Serum — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Serum): post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, skin photoaging, dry skin, fine wrinkles, chronic dermatitis in remission, eczema in remission, inflammatory diseases of mucous membranes, skin irritation after dermatocosmetic procedures.

Standard Dosage (Serum): external application of 1–2 milliliters to cleansed skin once daily, preferably at night.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): external application of 1–2 milliliters 2 times a day for pronounced dry skin, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, photodamaged skin; course up to 30 days.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): external application 3 times a day for intensive restorative care after cosmetological procedures (chemical peeling, laser resurfacing), only under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): external application once daily, 2–3 times a week, for chronic dry skin, prevention of photoaging, in individuals working outdoors; course 2 months with a 1-month break.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): from 12 years old — application of 0.5–1 milliliter once daily to a small skin area; there are no data on use in children under 12 years.

Contraindications (Serum): individual hypersensitivity; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Serum): mild burning, redness, itching in case of overdose or individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for external use, dose adjustment based on body weight is not required.

Preparation method (Serum): take 5 grams of dry Jasminum sambac flowers, pour 50 milliliters of coconut oil, heat in a water bath at a temperature of 45 °C for 2 hours, filter, mix with 45 milliliters of rose or lavender hydrosol, add 1 gram of natural vegetable glycerin, whisk until homogeneous, pour into a sterile bottle with a dispenser.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): store at a temperature of 8–15 °C in a dark place, in a tightly closed container. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Emulsion — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Emulsion): chronic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis in remission, dry skin, peeling, inflammatory diseases of mucous membranes, prevention of photoaging, skin restoration after sunburn.

Standard Dosage (Emulsion): external application in a thin layer to the affected or dry skin area 1–2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Emulsion): external application 3 times a day for pronounced dryness and inflammation of the skin, post-traumatic skin injuries, course up to 21 days.

Maximum Dosage (Emulsion): external application up to 4 times a day for severe chronic dermatoses, only under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Emulsion): external application once daily, 2 times a week, for chronic dry skin, prevention of peeling in individuals with atopic skin; course 1 month with a 2-week break.

Pediatric Dosage (Emulsion): from 3 years old — application once daily to a small skin area; there are no data on use in children under 3 years.

Contraindications (Emulsion): individual hypersensitivity; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Emulsion): allergic rash, itching, skin irritation in case of overdose or individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for external use, dose adjustment based on body weight is not required.

Preparation method (Emulsion): take 10 grams of dry Jasminum sambac flowers, pour 60 milliliters of coconut oil, heat in a water bath at a temperature of 45–50 °C for 2 hours, filter, mix with 30 milliliters of chamomile hydrosol, add 5 grams of beeswax and 5 grams of natural emulsifier, heat to 40 °C, stir until completely homogeneous, cool, pack into sterile bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Emulsion): store in a cool place at a temperature of 8–15 °C, in a tightly closed container, protected from sunlight. Shelf life — 9 months. After opening, use within 1 month.

Lotion — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Lotion): chronic dermatitis, eczema, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, inflammatory diseases of mucous membranes, skin irritation after shaving, sunburn, skin photoaging, skin itching of various etiologies, mild bacterial skin infections.

Standard Dosage (Lotion): external application or wiping of affected skin areas 1–2 times a day with a cotton pad soaked in the lotion.

Enhanced Dosage (Lotion): external application 3–4 times a day for pronounced inflammatory skin processes, itching, sunburn; course up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Lotion): external application up to 5 times a day for acute inflammation and skin irritation, only under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Lotion): external application once daily, 2–3 times a week, for chronic dry skin, tendency to inflammatory processes, in individuals with sensitive skin; course 1 month with a 2-week break.

Pediatric Dosage (Lotion): from 7 years old — external application once daily to a limited skin area; there are no data on use in children under 7 years.

Contraindications (Lotion): individual hypersensitivity; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 7 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Lotion): redness, itching, burning in case of overdose or individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for external use, dose adjustment based on body weight is not required.

Preparation method (Lotion): take 5 grams of dry Jasminum sambac flowers, pour 50 milliliters of rose hydrosol, add 45 milliliters of distilled water, infuse for 24 hours at a temperature of 18–20 °C, filter, add 1 milliliter of natural vegetable glycerin, mix thoroughly, pour into a sterile bottle with a dispenser.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Lotion): store at a temperature of 8–15 °C, in a tightly closed container, protected from sunlight. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Paste — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Paste): dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections, slowly healing wounds, eczema in the acute stage, psoriasis, local inflammatory skin processes, corns and skin cracks, post-traumatic skin injuries.

Standard Dosage (Paste): apply the paste in a thick layer to the affected skin area 1–2 times a day, secure with a gauze bandage.

Enhanced Dosage (Paste): apply 3 times a day for dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections, non-healing wounds; course up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Paste): apply up to 4 times a day for severe fungal and bacterial skin lesions, only under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Paste): apply once daily, 2 times a week, for chronic dermatoses, tendency to foot skin cracks; course 1 month with a 2-week break.

Pediatric Dosage (Paste): from 3 years old — apply once daily to a small skin area, secure with a sterile bandage; there are no data on use in children under 3 years.

Contraindications (Paste): individual hypersensitivity, acute purulent skin lesions; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Paste): skin irritation, redness, itching in case of overdose or individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for external use, dose adjustment based on body weight is not required.

Preparation method (Paste): take 15 grams of dry Jasminum sambac flowers, grind to a powder, mix with 50 grams of coconut oil, add 35 grams of white clay powder, stir until a thick homogeneous mass forms, pack into a sterile jar.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Paste): store at a temperature of 8–15 °C in a dark place, in a tightly closed container. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Essential Oil — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Essential Oil): chronic bronchitis (inhalations), bronchial asthma (inhalations as part of complex therapy), anxiety disorders, insomnia, mild depressive disorders, dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections, inflammatory diseases of mucous membranes, post-traumatic stress disorder (aromatherapy), algodismenorrhea (external application to the abdominal area).

Standard Dosage (Essential Oil): for inhalations — 2–3 drops per 200 milliliters of hot water; for aromatherapy — 1–2 drops in an aroma lamp; for external use — dilute 1–2 drops in 5 milliliters of carrier oil (e.g., coconut oil) and apply 1–2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Essential Oil): for inhalations — 4 drops per 200 milliliters of hot water for chronic bronchitis; external application — 3–4 drops in 5 milliliters of carrier oil for dermatomycoses, bacterial skin infections; course up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Essential Oil): for inhalations — up to 5 drops; for external use — up to 5 drops per 5 milliliters of carrier oil, only under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Essential Oil): 1 drop in an aroma lamp once a week for the prevention of stress conditions; 1 drop in carrier oil for skin care 1–2 times a week; course 1 month with a 2-week break.

Pediatric Dosage (Essential Oil): from 6 years old — 1 drop in an aroma lamp or 1 drop in 10 milliliters of carrier oil for external use; there are no data on use in children under 6 years.

Contraindications (Essential Oil): individual hypersensitivity, severe allergic reactions; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Essential Oil): headache, nausea, skin irritation in case of overdose or use undiluted.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for body weight below 60 kg — reduce the number of drops by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase by 10%.

Preparation method (Essential Oil): take 500 grams of fresh Jasminum sambac flowers, perform steam distillation for 5–6 hours, collect the condensate, separate the essential oil and hydrosol using a separating funnel, pack the oil into sterile dark glass bottles; oil yield is 0.2–0.3% of the raw material weight.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Essential Oil): store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 8–15 °C, in a tightly closed dark glass container. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 6 months.

Shampoo — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Shampoo): seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, dandruff, itching of the scalp, dry scalp, brittle hair, dull hair, scalp irritation after chemical or thermal exposure, mild bacterial infections of the scalp.

Standard Dosage (Shampoo): wash hair 2–3 times a week, applying 5–10 milliliters of shampoo to wet hair, massaging the scalp for 1–2 minutes, then rinsing with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Shampoo): daily use of 5–10 milliliters of shampoo for seborrheic dermatitis, pronounced itching and irritation of the scalp; course up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Shampoo): 2 applications per day for acute manifestations of seborrheic dermatitis, only under the supervision of a trichologist or dermatologist.

Preventive Dosage (Shampoo): 1–2 times a week for tendency to dandruff, dry scalp, brittle hair; course 1 month with a 2-week break.

Pediatric Dosage (Shampoo): from 7 years old — 3–5 milliliters of shampoo 1–2 times a week; there are no data on use in children under 7 years.

Contraindications (Shampoo): individual hypersensitivity; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 7 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Shampoo): itching, redness of the scalp in case of overdose or individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for external use, dose adjustment based on body weight is not required.

Preparation method (Shampoo): take 20 grams of dry Jasminum sambac flowers, grind, pour 200 milliliters of boiling distilled water, infuse for 30 minutes, filter, mix with 150 milliliters of mild organic soap base, add 10 milliliters of coconut oil and 5 milliliters of rose hydrosol, stir until homogeneous, pour into a sterile bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Shampoo): store at a temperature of 8–20 °C in a tightly closed container, protected from sunlight. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 2 months.

Spray — Jasminum sambac

Indications (Spray): inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa, pharyngitis, laryngitis, chronic tonsillitis (as part of complex therapy), bacterial skin infections, skin itching of various etiologies, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, skin irritation after sunburn, stress disorders (aromatherapeutic use).

Standard Dosage (Spray): for irrigation of mucous membranes — 2–3 sprays on the affected area 2 times a day; for skin applications — 1–2 sprays on the skin area 1–2 times a day; for aromatherapy — 1–2 sprays in the room 1–2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Spray): for acute pharyngitis and laryngitis — 3–4 sprays on the throat mucosa up to 4 times a day; for acute inflammatory skin processes — 2–3 sprays on the skin area 3 times a day; course up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Spray): for treatment of acute infections of mucous membranes — up to 5 sprays 4 times a day, only under medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Spray): 1 spray on mucous membranes or skin once daily, 2 times a week, for chronic tonsillitis, tendency to inflammatory skin diseases, stress disorders; course 1 month with a 2-week break.

Pediatric Dosage (Spray): from 6 years old — 1 spray 1–2 times a day on skin or mucous membrane; there are no data on use in children under 6 years.

Contraindications (Spray): individual hypersensitivity; scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Spray): irritation of mucous membranes, cough, sneezing, skin itching in case of overdose or individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for external use and irrigation, dose adjustment based on body weight is not required; for aromatherapy, with body weight below 60 kg — reduce the number of sprays by 20%.

Preparation method (Spray): take 5 grams of dry Jasminum sambac flowers, pour 50 milliliters of rose hydrosol and 45 milliliters of distilled water, infuse for 24 hours at a temperature of 18–20 °C, filter, add 1 milliliter of coconut oil, shake until a uniform emulsion forms, pour into a sterile spray bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Spray): store at a temperature of 8–15 °C, in a tightly closed container, protected from sunlight. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Jasminum sambac

Studies on the toxicity of Jasminum sambac flower extracts have demonstrated high safety across different routes of administration. With intravenous injection in ICR mice at a volume of 0.5 ml (equivalent to 15 mg of extract), no systemic toxicity was observed tapchinghiencuuyhoc.vn+12ResearchGate+12PubMed+12. With oral administration of the extract in Wistar rats, the LD₅₀ dosage exceeds 5000 mg/kg body weight PubMed. Additionally, an acid-alcohol (50:50) hydroalcoholic leaf extract demonstrated no toxicity with a single dose of up to 2000 mg/kg body weight, according to OECD Guideline 420 specifications greenpharmacy.info.

Thus, Jasminum sambac extracts possess an LD₅₀ significantly higher than common therapeutic doses, confirming their relative safety with reasonable use.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Pharmacodynamics — Jasminum sambac

Jasminum sambac extracts demonstrate a wide range of pharmacodynamic effects confirmed by scientific research. The active substances — primarily flavonoids, polysaccharides, and volatile oils — exert a significant influence on various physiological systems:

At the cellular level, antioxidant activity is manifested — extracts are capable of suppressing free radical processes (e.g., in DPPH and ABTS tests), reducing oxidative stress Википедия+13journals.lww.com+13saapjournals.org+13. The anti-inflammatory effect is realized through modulation of the production of inflammatory mediators: inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) release and macrophage activation, probably via the Nrf2/ARE pathway PMC.

Antimicrobial properties are manifested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungi — the effect possibly occurs through membrane disruption and prevention of biofilm formation journals.lww.comthescipub.com. Furthermore, extracts possess analgesic and sedative effects — stimulating central nervous and peripheral pathways, although the exact targets are not yet fully identified ResearchGatesaapjournals.org.

Volatile oils (essential components) exert anxiolytic and sedative effects, possibly mediated by influence on the HPA axis and modulation of cortisol through 5-HT and MAPK signaling pathways thescipub.com. Cytotoxic activity is also noted, including selective effects on tumor cells while maintaining safety for normal immunocompetent cells journals.lww.com.

Thus, Jasminum sambac exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anxiolytic, sedative, and cytotoxic effects. These effects are realized at systemic and local levels, impacting the immune, nervous, skin, and other systems, through modulation of inflammatory mediators, stress response, and oxidative balance.

References:

- Antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil Википедия+13journals.lww.com+13ResearchGate+13
- Anti-aging, anti-glycation and antioxidant properties of cell culture extracts mdpi.com
- Inhibition of NO-mediated inflammatory response via the Nrf2/ARE pathway PMC
- Broad spectrum of activities: antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, etc. (review) ResearchGatesaapjournals.org

Pharmacokinetics of Jasminum sambac

Data on individual pharmacokinetic parameters for Jasminum sambac are limited; however, based on the characteristics of its active substances and forms of administration, reasonable assumptions can be made.

With oral administration (e.g., powders and extracts), absorption occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, where flavonoids and polysaccharides undergo enzymatic hydrolysis, possibly involving the microbiota. Some metabolites may undergo phase I and II biotransformation in the liver, forming more polar compounds excreted by the kidneys and bile. Some polysaccharides may not be fully absorbed and exert local effects on mucous membranes.

With transdermal and topical use (creams, ointments, serums), the active components — especially volatile oils and flavonoid compounds — penetrate the epidermis and dermis, where they can affect local skin receptors and enzymes. Subsequent local metabolism by skin enzymes and slow systemic absorption are possible, followed by excretion through the kidneys.

The inhalation route (essential oil, inhalations) provides rapid access of active components to the respiratory tract and lungs, with possible systemic absorption by lung tissue, where they are then metabolized in the liver and excreted in urine and breath.

Through mucous membranes (sprays, nasal/oral solutions), local absorption occurs with subsequent entry into the systemic bloodstream; metabolism — in the liver and intestines. Interaction with mucosal microflora is not excluded, with flavonoids and polysaccharides possibly modulating microbial enzymatic processes.

Thus, the overall pharmacokinetic model for Jasminum sambac includes: absorption via the gastrointestinal tract, skin, mucous membranes, or lungs; metabolism, primarily in the liver; excretion via kidneys and bile; and partial influence of microflora on active substances.

Reference: Review of active substances and their roles (flavonoids, polysaccharides, volatile oils) iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com+15thescipub.com+15PMC+15

Inhibition of NO inflammation, mechanism of action of the extract (brief pharmacodynamic commentary, applicable to kinetics as well) PMC

Mechanisms of Action — Jasminum sambac

The active components of Jasminum sambac — primarily flavonoids (as glycosides), polysaccharides, and volatile (essential) oils — demonstrate multi-level pharmacological activity through interaction with key cellular targets and signaling pathways. Firstly, flavonoids, particularly quercetin and its derivatives, inhibit the activation of the NF-κB pathway, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., COX-2, NO), thereby decreasing nitric oxide levels and blocking the inflammatory cascade ScienceDirect+15PMC+15ScienceDirect+15. Secondly, polysaccharide fractions are capable of activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species and glycation products (AGEs) in skin cells mdpi.com. A third important mechanism is the action of volatile substances (essential oils) on bacterial and fungal cell membranes, which is accompanied by disruption of biofilm formation and microbial growth philarchive.org+1. Additionally, it has been established that Jasminum sambac extracts can modulate numerous enzyme systems: they inhibit COX enzymes in inflammation models journals.sagepub.com+15PMC+15ResearchGate+15, and simultaneously exhibit cytotoxic activity, possibly through interaction with signaling cascades of target cells (such as PI3K-AKT-mTOR) benthamdirect.com+15ScienceDirect+15PMC+15.

Thus, Jasminum sambac exerts a complex anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cell-modulating effect, associated with inhibition of NF-κB, activation of Nrf2/ARE, suppression of COX, disruption of microbial biofilm, and influence on signaling cascades regulating cell growth and survival.

References:
- Inhibition of NF-κB, NO, iNOS, COX-2 by quercetin iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com+15PMC+15PMC+15
- Antioxidant properties, activation of Nrf2/ARE, suppression of ROS and AGEs mdpi.com
- Structure of active substances (volatile oils, flavonoids, polysaccharides) and their functions thescipub.com
- Identification of anti-arthritic properties through inhibition of COX enzymes en.wikipedia.org+15PMC+15ResearchGate+15
- Available data on influence on the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathwaybenthamdirect.com+4ScienceDirect+4Frontiers+4

Synergy — Jasminum sambac

Scientific data on the pharmacological synergy of Jasminum sambac with other plant components or natural substances are limited. However, review studies note its potential in combination with other anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents: the combination of flavonoids from Jasminum sambac with other polyphenols enhances inhibitory activity on NF-κB and COX enzymes, exhibiting an additive or potentiating effect against inflammation iadns.onlinelibrary.wiley.com+15ResearchGate+15mdpi.com+15. Furthermore, in an animal model of arthritis, J. sambac in combination with other anti-inflammatory extracts showed a modulating effect on oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, indicating targeted synergism between inhibition of COX pathways and antioxidant activity PMC.

Thus, pharmacological synergy in Jasminum sambac is manifested through the enhancement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action in combination with other plant-derived substances acting on common targets: NF-κB, COX enzymes, the ROS pathway. Such a combination suggests an additive or potentiating effect at the level of cellular signaling and inflammatory cascades.

References:
- Review of pharmacological activity and possible synergy of flavonoids and polysaccharides ResearchGatethescipub.com
- Arthritis model with effect on COX and oxidative stress PMC

Geography of Use and Folk Medicine — Jasminum sambac

Jasminum sambac is traditionally cultivated and used in South and Southeast Asia, as well as in Arab countries and the Pacific Islands. In India, it is known as one of the sacred plants used in the Ayurvedic tradition, as well as in Hindu religious ceremonies. The flowers are used in the form of fresh garlands, infusions, and aromatic oils in rituals, purification ceremonies, and offerings in temples. In China, the plant was used in traditional medicine and as a component of flavored beverages, including for scenting green tea, but without emphasis on its pharmacological dosages. In Thai folk medicine and culture, Jasminum sambac was considered a symbol of maternal love, used for preparing decoctions and infusions for external and internal purposes, as well as in cosmetics. In the Philippines, where it is the national flower, it was used in the form of fresh flowers for scenting rooms, in ritual ceremonies, and as decorations at celebrations. In Arab countries, jasmine was often used in perfumery and aromatherapy, and was part of macerates and oils for the skin. In several Oceanic island cultures, the plant was used as a talisman, in woven ornaments and wreaths, and its scent was considered to bring peace and protect against evil spirits. The first written mentions of jasmine use are found in Chinese chronicles of the Tang era (7th–10th centuries), where it is mentioned as an aromatic and ornamental plant, as well as a component of medicinal infusions.