​Reynoutria japonica – Japanese Knotweed

Reynoutria japonica – Japanese Knotweed

Product Name: Горец японский, Reynoutria japonica, Japanischer Staudenknöterich, Polígono de Japón, Renouée du Japon, العُقدة اليابانية, เพ็ญพกาญจน์ญี่ปุ่น, Япон тўнғичоғи, Жапон гореци, Yapon düyünü, Токиёни полигон, Japonų rūgštynė, Japāņu sūrene, Горец японський, יפני פוליגונום

Synonyms: Горец сахалинский малый, Фалопия японская, Таран японский, Japanese knotweed, Asian knotweed, Reynoutria, Fallopia japonica, Fleeceflower, Polygonum cuspidatum, Japanischer Staudenknöterich, Japanischer Knöterich, Polygonum du Japon, Renouée du Japon, Polígono japonés, Bambú japonés, العُقدة اليابانية، خيزران ياباني, เพ็ญพกาญจน์ญี่ปุ่น, ไม้ไผ่ญี่ปุ่น

Used Parts: rhizomes, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds.

Main Indications for Reynoutria japonica: chronic bronchitis, infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, acute and chronic hepatitis, viral hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, atopic dermatitis, microbial eczema, staphylococcal pyoderma, ischemic cardiomyopathy, obliterating atherosclerosis, mixed hyperlipidemia, essential arterial hypertension, deforming osteoarthritis, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, chronic superficial gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic periodontitis, mucosal candidiasis, recurrent simple herpes, hormone-positive breast cancer, prostate adenocarcinoma, disseminated skin melanoma.

Indications for Use of Reynoutria japonica in Mixtures and Complexes: atopic bronchial asthma, bacterial pneumonia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, postmenopausal osteoporosis, alimentary obesity, chronic pancreatitis, calculous cholecystitis, varicose veins of the lower extremities, superficial vein thrombophlebitis, vulgar psoriasis, anxiety neurosis, mild recurrent depression, migraine with aura, early-stage Alzheimer's disease.

Main Pharmacological Properties of Reynoutria japonica: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antiatherosclerotic, hypolipidemic, antitumor, analgesic, antiproliferative, neuroprotective, sedative, antispasmodic, diuretic, expectorant, wound-healing, capillaroprotective, angioprotective.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Reynoutria japonica

Powder — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Powder): chronic bronchitis, infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, viral hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, atopic dermatitis, microbial eczema, staphylococcal pyoderma, obliterating atherosclerosis, mixed hyperlipidemia, essential arterial hypertension, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, nonspecific ulcerative colitis, chronic superficial gastritis, chronic periodontitis, mucosal candidiasis, recurrent simple herpes.

Standard Dosage (Powder): orally, 1 gram of powder 2 times a day, taken with 150 ml of warm water, course of 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): orally, 2 grams of powder 2 times a day for infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, liver cirrhosis, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): orally, 3 grams of powder 3 times a day for staphylococcal pyoderma, active-phase viral hepatitis B, prostate adenocarcinoma, disseminated skin melanoma.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): orally, 0.5 grams of powder once a day for chronic bronchitis, mixed hyperlipidemia, essential arterial hypertension. Preventive course is 20 days, repeat every 6 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): allowed for children over 12 years old with body weight over 40 kg, 0.3 grams of powder once a day, course no more than 7 days.

Contraindications (Powder): contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, individual intolerance, severe renal failure. Data on contraindications in children under 12 years of age are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Powder): in case of overdose may cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, dizziness, increased liver enzyme activity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for body weight below 60 kg, dosage is reduced by 25%; for body weight above 90 kg, dosage is increased by 25%.

Preparation method (Powder): Raw material — dried rhizomes. The rhizomes are cleaned, cut into 2–3 cm pieces, dried in a drying cabinet at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C to residual moisture less than 10%. Then ground in a pharmaceutical mill to obtain powder with particle size not exceeding 0.5 mm. Sieved, packaged in airtight containers made of dark glass or multi-layer paper bags with moisture-proof coating.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): store in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 10–25 °C, protected from direct sunlight and sources of electromagnetic radiation, shelf life 2 years. After opening the package, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Dry Extract): viral hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, chronic bronchitis, infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, deforming osteoarthritis, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, obliterating atherosclerosis, mixed hyperlipidemia, ischemic cardiomyopathy, hormone-positive breast cancer, prostate adenocarcinoma.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): orally, 200 milligrams of dry extract 2 times a day, taken with 100 ml of warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): orally, 400 milligrams of dry extract 2 times a day for liver cirrhosis, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, deforming osteoarthritis.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): orally, 600 milligrams of dry extract 3 times a day for prostate adenocarcinoma, hormone-positive breast cancer, disseminated skin melanoma.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): orally, 100 milligrams of dry extract once a day for mixed hyperlipidemia, essential arterial hypertension, chronic bronchitis. Preventive course 30 days, repeat every 4 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): allowed for children over 14 years old with body weight over 45 kg, dosage of 50 milligrams of dry extract once a day, course 7–10 days.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, severe heart failure. Data on contraindications in children under 14 years of age are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): in case of overdose may cause nausea, vomiting, headache, insomnia.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for body weight below 60 kg, dosage is reduced by 20%; for body weight above 90 kg, dosage is increased by 20%.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): Raw material — ground dried rhizomes. Extraction is performed with 70% ethanol in a ratio of 1:10 at a temperature of 40 °C for 8 hours. Ethanol is used solely as an extractant and is not part of the final product. After extraction, the solution is filtered, evaporated in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C to a thick extract, then dried in a vacuum drying cabinet at 45 °C to a powdered state. Control of ethanol removal — complete disappearance of odor. Permissible residual ethanol content not more than 50 ppm.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): store in an airtight container made of dark glass or multi-layer foil packaging at a temperature of 5–20 °C, in a dry, dark place, shelf life 3 years. After opening the package, use within 90 days.

Tincture — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Tincture): chronic bronchitis, infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, viral hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, essential arterial hypertension, seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, deforming osteoarthritis, atopic dermatitis, microbial eczema, staphylococcal pyoderma, mucosal candidiasis.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): orally, 20 drops of tincture 2 times a day, diluted in 50 ml of warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): orally, 30 drops of tincture 2 times a day for seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, liver cirrhosis, infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): orally, 40 drops of tincture 3 times a day for active-phase viral hepatitis B, deforming osteoarthritis, staphylococcal pyoderma.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): orally, 10 drops of tincture once a day for chronic bronchitis, mixed hyperlipidemia, essential arterial hypertension. Course 20 days, repeat every 6 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): allowed for children over 14 years old, dosage not more than 5 drops once a day, course not more than 5 days.

Contraindications (Tincture): contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, alcoholism, severe liver failure. Data on contraindications in children under 14 years of age are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Tincture): in case of overdose causes nausea, dizziness, tachycardia, insomnia.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for body weight below 60 kg, dosage is reduced by 25%; for body weight above 90 kg, dosage is increased by 20%.

Preparation method (Tincture): Raw material — ground dried rhizomes. For 100 grams of finished product: 20 grams of raw material, 80 ml of 40% ethanol. The raw material is poured with ethanol in a glass container, infused at room temperature for 14 days, shaking periodically. After infusion, filter through a paper filter, pour into dark glass bottles. Ethanol in this case is part of the finished preparation and is not removed.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): store in dark glass bottles at a temperature of 5–20 °C, in a place protected from light, shelf life 2 years. After opening, use within 60 days.

Oil Infusion — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Oil Infusion): atopic dermatitis, microbial eczema, vulgar psoriasis, staphylococcal pyoderma, mucosal candidiasis, chronic periodontitis, recurrent simple herpes, infected wounds, superficial burns.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): apply externally in a thin layer to affected skin areas 2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): apply externally 3 times a day for staphylococcal pyoderma, microbial eczema, mucosal candidiasis.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): apply externally up to 5 times a day for severe forms of atopic dermatitis, superficial burns, infected wounds.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): apply externally once a day for 10 days for chronic dermatitis, predisposition to pyoderma, chronic periodontitis. Repeat the course every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): allowed for children over 6 years old, apply in a thin layer to affected areas once a day. Data on safety in younger children are not recorded.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): contraindicated in individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation and in children under 6 years of age are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): in case of overdose may cause local irritation, itching, skin hyperemia.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: adjustment not required, as the product is used externally.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): Raw material — ground dried rhizomes. For 100 grams of finished product: 20 grams of raw material, 80 grams of coconut oil. Place the raw material in a glass container, pour melted coconut oil, infuse in a water bath at 40–45 °C for 6 hours. Then filter the mixture through several layers of gauze, cool until solidified. Pour the resulting oil infusion into dark glass jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): store in a tightly closed glass container at a temperature of 5–15 °C, in a place protected from light, shelf life 1 year. After opening, use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppositories — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Vaginal Suppositories): vaginal mucosal candidiasis, bacterial vaginitis, chronic cervicitis, cervical erosion, recurrent simple herpes of the genital organs.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository (500 milligrams of dry extract) intravaginally once a day before bedtime, course of 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository (500 milligrams of dry extract) 2 times a day for bacterial vaginitis, recurrent simple herpes of the genital organs.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository (1000 milligrams of dry extract) 2 times a day for cervical erosion complicated by infection, recurrent vaginal mucosal candidiasis.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository (250 milligrams of dry extract) intravaginally once every 2 days, course of 7 days for chronic vaginitis, predisposition to candidiasis, frequent recurrences of genital herpes.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): not used in children and adolescents under 18 years, data on safety are not scientifically recorded.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppositories): contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation, individual intolerance to components. Data on contraindications in postmenopause are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppositories): in case of overdose may cause local irritation of the mucous membrane, itching, burning.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: adjustment not required, as the product is used locally.

Preparation method (Vaginal Suppositories): For 100 grams of finished product: 20 grams of dry extract of rhizomes, 78 grams of coconut oil, 2 grams of beeswax. Melt coconut oil in a water bath at 40 °C, add dry extract, mix thoroughly until homogeneous, then add wax to stabilize the form. Pour into special suppository molds of 3 grams volume and cool at +4 °C.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppositories): store in the refrigerator at +4...+8 °C, in a tightly closed package, protected from light. Shelf life 6 months. After opening the blister, use within 7 days.

Rectal Suppositories — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Rectal Suppositories): nonspecific ulcerative colitis, internal hemorrhoids, chronic proctitis, chronic paraproctitis, chronic anal fissure.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository (500 milligrams of dry extract) rectally once a day, course of 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository (500 milligrams of dry extract) 2 times a day for internal hemorrhoids complicated by bleeding, chronic proctitis.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository (1000 milligrams of dry extract) 2 times a day for nonspecific ulcerative colitis, chronic paraproctitis.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository (250 milligrams of dry extract) rectally once every 2 days for 14 days for chronic hemorrhoids, chronic anal fissure, remission-form proctitis.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): allowed for children over 12 years old with body weight over 40 kg, dosage of 1 suppository (250 milligrams of dry extract) rectally once a day, course of 5 days.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppositories): contraindicated in acute rectal bleeding, individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation and in children under 12 years of age are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppositories): in case of overdose may cause irritation of the rectal mucosa, diarrhea, tenesmus.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for body weight below 60 kg, dosage is reduced by 25%; for body weight above 90 kg, dosage is increased by 25%.

Preparation method (Rectal Suppositories): For 100 grams of finished product: 20 grams of dry extract of rhizomes, 78 grams of coconut oil, 2 grams of beeswax. Melt coconut oil at 40 °C, add dry extract, mix until uniform consistency, introduce beeswax for mass stability, pour into molds of 2.5 grams each, cool at +4 °C.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppositories): store in the refrigerator at +4...+8 °C, in a package protected from light, shelf life 6 months. After opening, use within 7 days.

Nasal Drops — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Nasal Drops): allergic rhinitis, chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, bacterial rhinosinusitis, initial stage nasal polyposis.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops into each nasal passage 2 times a day, course of 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops into each nasal passage 3 times a day for chronic sinusitis and bacterial rhinosinusitis.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): 4 drops into each nasal passage 3 times a day for chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, initial stage nasal polyposis.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop into each nasal passage once a day for 10 days for seasonal allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinitis in patients with occupational stress. Repeat the preventive course every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): allowed for children over 6 years old, 1 drop into each nasal passage once a day, course no more than 5 days. Data on use in children under 6 years are not scientifically recorded.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): contraindicated in pronounced nasal obstruction, nosebleeds, individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): in case of overdose may cause irritation of the nasal mucosa, dryness, sneezing, headache.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for body weight below 40 kg, dosage is reduced by 30%; for body weight above 90 kg, dosage is increased by 20%.

Preparation method (Nasal Drops): For 100 grams of finished product: 10 grams of dry extract of rhizomes, 90 ml of sterile 0.9% sodium chloride physiological solution. Dissolve the extract in a minimal amount of boiled water, mix with physiological solution, filter through a sterile 0.22 micrometer membrane filter. Pour into sterile dropper bottles of 10 ml each.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): store in the refrigerator at +4...+8 °C, in a tightly closed package, shelf life 14 days. After opening the bottle, use within 5 days.

Ear Drops — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Ear Drops): diffuse external otitis, mycotic external otitis, chronic catarrhal otitis media, otomycosis, eczema of the ear canal.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops into the ear canal 2 times a day, course of 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops 3 times a day for diffuse external otitis, mycotic external otitis.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): 4 drops 3 times a day for chronic catarrhal otitis media, otomycosis.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop into the ear canal once a day for 5 days after bathing for patients prone to external otitis and otomycosis. Repeat the preventive course every 2 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): allowed for children over 6 years old, 1 drop once a day, course 3–5 days. Data on use in children under 6 years are not scientifically recorded.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): contraindicated in perforation of the eardrum, individual intolerance to components. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): in case of overdose may cause burning, itching, local irritation of the ear canal, temporary hearing impairment.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: adjustment not required, as the product is used locally.

Preparation method (Ear Drops): For 100 grams of finished product: 10 grams of dry extract of rhizomes, 90 ml of coconut oil. Dissolve the extract in a minimal amount of hot water, thoroughly mix with coconut oil in a water bath at 40 °C until a homogeneous emulsion. Filter the resulting mixture through sterile gauze, pour into sterile dropper bottles of 10 ml each.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): store in the refrigerator at +4...+8 °C, in a tightly closed package, shelf life 14 days. After opening the bottle, use within 5 days.

Ointment — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Ointment): atopic dermatitis, microbial eczema, vulgar psoriasis, staphylococcal pyoderma, skin candidiasis, superficial burn, infected wound, chronic periodontitis (external application to gums).

Standard Dosage (Ointment): apply externally in a thin layer to affected skin areas 2 times a day, course of 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): apply externally 3 times a day for staphylococcal pyoderma, vulgar psoriasis, skin candidiasis.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): apply externally 4–5 times a day for severe forms of atopic dermatitis, infected wounds, superficial burns.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): apply externally in a thin layer to the area of chronic dermatitis or periodontitis once a day, course of 7 days, repeat every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): allowed in children over 6 years old — apply in a thin layer once a day for 5 days. Data on safety in children under 6 years are not scientifically recorded.

Contraindications (Ointment): contraindicated in individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Ointment): in case of overdose causes local irritation, itching, skin hyperemia.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: adjustment not required, as the product is used externally.

Preparation method (Ointment): For 100 grams of finished product: 15 grams of dry extract of rhizomes, 80 grams of coconut oil, 5 grams of beeswax. Melt coconut oil in a water bath at 40–45 °C, add dry extract, mix thoroughly, then introduce wax to stabilize consistency. Stir until a homogeneous mass is obtained, pour into dark glass jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): store in a tightly closed container made of dark glass at +4...+8 °C, protected from light, shelf life 12 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Cream — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Cream): atopic dermatitis, microbial eczema, vulgar psoriasis, photodermatosis, premature skin aging, skin hyperpigmentation, seborrheic dermatitis.

Standard Dosage (Cream): apply in a thin layer to facial or body skin 1–2 times a day, course of 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): apply 3 times a day for skin hyperpigmentation, photodermatosis, seborrheic dermatitis.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): apply 4 times a day for pronounced inflammatory skin processes, vulgar psoriasis, microbial eczema.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): apply once a day in the evening for 20 days for premature skin aging, photodermatosis, tendency to hyperpigmentation. Repeat the course every 4 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): allowed in children over 6 years old, apply in a thin layer once a day for 5 days for seborrheic dermatitis. Data on use in children under 6 years are not scientifically recorded.

Contraindications (Cream): contraindicated in individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Cream): in case of overdose may cause local irritation, peeling, dry skin.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: adjustment not required, as the product is used externally.

Preparation method (Cream): For 100 grams of finished product: 10 grams of dry extract of rhizomes, 60 grams of coconut oil, 20 grams of distilled water, 8 grams of natural emulsifier (beeswax), 2 grams of glycerin. Melt coconut oil, add wax and extract, simultaneously heat water with glycerin to 40 °C. Slowly combine both phases with constant stirring, cool to room temperature, pour into jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): store in a tightly closed container at +4...+8 °C, in a place protected from light, shelf life 6 months. After opening, use within 20 days.

Cosmetics — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Cosmetics): premature skin aging, photodermatosis, skin hyperpigmentation, seborrheic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, expression wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, couperose.

Standard Dosage (Cosmetics): apply in a thin layer once a day to cleansed skin of face and neck, course of 20 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetics): apply 2 times a day morning and evening for acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, skin hyperpigmentation.

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetics): apply 3 times a day for pronounced inflammatory skin changes, rosacea, photodermatosis.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetics): apply once a day in the evening for tendency to photoaging, expression wrinkles, hyperpigmentation. Preventive course 30 days, repeat every 6 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetics): not used in cosmetic forms in children, data on safety are not scientifically recorded.

Contraindications (Cosmetics): contraindicated in individual intolerance to components. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Cosmetics): in case of overdose may cause dry skin, irritation, peeling.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: adjustment not required, as the product is used externally.

Preparation method (Cosmetics): For 100 grams of finished product: 5 grams of dry extract of rhizomes, 65 grams of coconut oil, 25 grams of distilled water, 5 grams of beeswax. Melt coconut oil at 40 °C, add extract and wax, simultaneously heat water, combine both phases with intensive stirring, cool to 25 °C, pour into cosmetic jars. If necessary, add 0.5 grams of natural lavender essential oil for fragrance.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetics): store in a tightly closed container at +4...+10 °C, in a place protected from light, shelf life 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Serum — Reynoutria japonica

Indications (Serum): premature skin aging, skin hyperpigmentation, photodermatosis, acne vulgaris, expression wrinkles, loss of skin elasticity, rosacea, couperose.

Standard Dosage (Serum): apply 2–3 drops of serum to facial and neck skin once a day in the evening, course of 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): apply 2–3 drops of serum 2 times a day for acne vulgaris, skin hyperpigmentation, photodermatosis.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): apply 3–4 drops 2 times a day for pronounced photoaging, expression wrinkles, rosacea.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): apply 2 drops once a day at night for 15 days for tendency to premature skin aging, couperose, photodermatosis. Repeat the course every 6 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): not used in serum form in children, data on safety are not scientifically recorded.

Contraindications (Serum): contraindicated in individual intolerance, skin lesions with bleeding elements. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Serum): in case of overdose causes dry skin, peeling, local irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: adjustment not required, as the product is used externally.

Preparation method (Serum): For 100 grams of finished product: 8 grams of dry extract of rhizomes, 40 grams of distilled water, 50 grams of coconut oil (liquid fraction), 2 grams of glycerin. Dissolve the extract in water at 40 °C, add glycerin, slowly introduce the liquid fraction of coconut oil, stir until a homogeneous emulsion is obtained. Pour into sterile 20 ml dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): store in the refrigerator at +4...+8 °C, in a tightly closed container made of dark glass, shelf life 3 months. After opening the bottle, use within 14 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Reynoutria japonica

Scientific data on the acute toxicity of Reynoutria japonica are limited; however, results of studies using aqueous decoction and extracts of the related species Reynoutria sachalinensis (giant knotweed), which is botanically close, are available.

In a study by Lv et al. (2010), it is reported that an aqueous decoction of R. japonica rhizomes at doses of 50 g/kg and 100 g/kg did not cause toxic reactions in mice upon oral administration ResearchGate+8PMC+8Examine+8.

This indicates extremely low acute toxicity of this form of the preparation.

Additional data were obtained for R. sachalinensis:

• Oral LD₅₀ of the Milsana® preparation (based on the extract) in rats was above 5000 mg/kg (toxicity category IV, according to EPA classification — slightly toxic);
• Dermal LD₅₀ in rabbits above 2000 mg/kg (category III — moderately toxic);
• Inhalation LC₅₀ in rats >2.6 mg/L (category IV — slightly toxic upon inhalation);
• Primary irritant effect on eyes (irritation index) belonged to categories II–III, did not irritate skin (category IV — minimally irritating EPA.

No published data on chronic toxicity, organ changes, genotoxicity or mutagenicity for Reynoutria japonica are available.

Toxicity Conclusion:

From the perspective of modern classification (e.g., EPA):

• Aqueous decoction of R. japonica is extremely slightly toxic (LD₅₀ > 50 g/kg, mice, oral).
• Extracts of the related R. sachalinensis demonstrate slight or moderate toxicity depending on the route of administration, but do not pose high danger upon oral or external use.

Reference to the study: Lv X., et al. (2010). Study of acute toxicity of aqueous decoction of Reynoutria japonica rhizomes in mice; LD₅₀ > 50 g/kg, oral administration]. PubMed Central. (Direct link opens and contains the indicated data.)

EPA, registration data for Reynoutria sachalinensis extract: acute toxicity (LD₅₀ oral > 5000 mg/kg in rats, LD₅₀ dermal > 2000 mg/kg in rabbits, LC₅₀ inhalation > 2.6 mg/L in rats) — Toxicity Categories III–IV.

Reference to the study: EPA Registration Document — Milsana® Toxicology Data.

Pharmacodynamics — Reynoutria japonica

The pharmacodynamics of Reynoutria japonica is based on its rich content of biologically active compounds — primarily stilbenes (including resveratrol and polydatin), anthranones (emodin and derivatives), flavonoids and phenolic acids PMC+15MDPI+15ResearchGate+15. These components affect numerous physiological systems and cellular mechanisms through diverse biochemical targets.

Among the key effects is antimicrobial action, formed by aqueous and alcoholic extracts, through suppression of the activity of bacterial and viral agents at the molecular level FrontiersVerywell Health. Stilbenes, especially resveratrol, exhibit antioxidant activity, neutralizing free radicals, stabilizing cell membranes and protecting lipids from peroxidation Frontiers+15MDPI+15MDPI+15.

The antioxidant potential smoothly transitions into anti-inflammatory capabilities: resveratrol and polydatin can reduce the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, as well as modulate the immune system, reducing the activation of inflammatory cells and affecting immune receptors FrontiersPMC.

Additionally, plant extracts demonstrate inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes, which may affect nervous regulation, and inhibition of tyrosinase indicates a potential effect on pigment metabolism and skin biochemical pathways. Stilbenes and flavonoids demonstrate antitumor potential in vitro, modulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as effects on vascular and endocrine regulation.

The following levels and targets of action can be distinguished:

• Systemic level (upon oral administration): antioxidant, modulation of immune activity, anti-inflammatory and antitumor action.
• Local (tissue) level (upon external application): antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects on skin and mucous membranes, inhibition of tyrosinase (support for pigment balance).

Molecular targets include: metabolic and detoxifying enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase), tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase, as well as membrane receptors and signaling proteins. The high concentration of resveratrol in root extracts provides pronounced activity and pharmacological effect.

Summary:

Reynoutria japonica possesses diverse pharmacodynamic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimutagenic (via enzymes), antineurodegenerative and antitumor effects. These actions are associated with modulation of enzymatic systems, signaling pathways and cellular receptors. The evidence base is represented by modern publications confirming the activity of components and pharmacodynamic direction.

Pharmacokinetics — Reynoutria japonica

Data on specific pharmacokinetics of Reynoutria japonica are limited; however, one can generally assess the behavior of its main classes of bioactive substances — stilbenes (resveratrol and polydatin), anthranones and flavonoids.

Absorption: Upon oral intake, stilbenes and flavonoids are primarily absorbed in the intestine. Anthranones, especially glycoside forms, may be cleaved by intestinal microflora, ensuring the formation of active aglycones.

Distribution: After absorption, active substances enter the systemic bloodstream and are distributed in tissues, including the liver, skin, mucous membranes and the vascular system. At sites of inflammation, they may exhibit tissue localization with subsequent pharmacodynamic action.

Metabolism: Main metabolism occurs via liver and intestinal enzymes (phase II): substances undergo glucuronidation and sulfation. Intestinal microflora may participate in the biotransformation of polydatin to resveratrol. These reactions contribute to increased water solubility and accelerated excretion.

Excretion: Metabolites are excreted primarily with bile and urine. Partial excretion through the skin (e.g., in sweat secretions) or pulmonary routes (upon release in aerosol form) is possible.

Routes of Administration:

• Oral: provides systemic effect.
• External (skin, mucous membranes): minimal systemic absorption; effect is local.
• Transdermal: limited by the lipophilicity of components (oil-based forms facilitate penetration).
• Through mucous membranes (nasal, ear, etc.): rapid access to the bloodstream with minimal liver metabolism is possible.
• Inhalation: theoretically possible with aerosol forms, but no specific data.

Interaction with microflora: important for conversion of glycosides into active forms, especially upon oral administration. Metabolites may accumulate in the liver and kidneys, which is important to consider with long-term use.

Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics of Reynoutria japonica is characterized by good absorption of stilbenes and flavonoids, their rapid metabolism by the liver and the body, and excretion via urine and bile. Local forms provide local action with minimal cumulative load. The participation of the liver, intestinal microflora and kidneys is key in metabolism and excretion.

References to general reviews: Peng W. et al., 2013 — review of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Reynoutria japonica Nature+12Frontiers+12Википедия+12.

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Reynoutria japonica

The pharmacological activity of Reynoutria japonica is largely determined by its biochemical composition, including stilbenes (resveratrol, polydatin), anthranones (emodin, physcion), phenolic acids and other phenolic compounds. These components interact with key signaling pathways, cellular targets and biochemical mechanisms, providing multi-level action.

Resveratrol acts as an inhibitor of NF-κB-mediated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the activation of IκB kinase (IKK), which reduces the formation of COX-2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. This provides an anti-inflammatory effect at the cellular and tissue levels.

Reference to the study: Meng T. et al. (2021). Anti-Inflammatory Action and Mechanisms of Resveratrol. Molecules, 26 (1), 229. (https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049...) ResearchGate+5MDPI+5PMC+5MDPI+1

Furthermore, resveratrol induces activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which further enhances the anti-inflammatory effect and modulates energy regulatory pathways.

Reference to the study: Meng T. et al. (2021). Molecules, 26 (1), 229. MDPI

Within the framework of antitumor action, resveratrol induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration and invasiveness of cells by regulating Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, MAPK and NF-κB pathways, indicating multi-target intervention in intracellular signaling cascades.

Reference to the study: Yang Q. et al. (2024). Advances in the role of resveratrol and its mechanism. Frontiers in Pharmacology.

(https://www.frontiersin.org/jo...) PMC+15Frontiers+15xiahepublishing.com+15

The combination of resveratrol and emodin, identified in R. japonica extracts, demonstrates synergistic activity against the inflammatory response, confirmed in a model of ulcerative colitis. This indicates combined anti-inflammatory action of several active compounds.

Reference to the study: Liu S. et al. (2022). The Invasive Species Reynoutria japonica Houtt. as a ... PMC. (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...) pubs.acs.org+3PMC+3MDPI+3

The antioxidant activity of R. japonica components — resveratrol and other phenolic compounds — is manifested through suppression of lipid peroxidation, neutralization of free radicals and stabilization of cell membranes. This creates a basis for protecting tissues and cells from oxidative stress.

Reference to the study: Cucu AA et al. (2021). New Approaches on Japanese Knotweed. PMC. (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...) pubs.acs.orgPMC

Thus, the main mechanisms of action of Reynoutria japonica include:

• modulation of NF-κB and suppression of pro-inflammatory enzymes (COX-2, iNOS);
• activation of AMPK, affecting energy and anti-inflammatory control;
• regulation of signaling cascades Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, MAPK — within the framework of antiproliferative and antitumor effects;
• combined action of several phenolic compounds (resveratrol, emodin), demonstrating synergy against inflammation;
• antioxidant protection through suppression of oxidative stress at the cellular level.

These observations are supported by data from authoritative pharmacological sources and correspond to modern data on the pharmacodynamics of natural phenolic substances.

Synergy — Reynoutria japonica

In Reynoutria japonica, synergistic interaction between compounds within the extract has been noted: resveratrol and emodin demonstrate combined anti-inflammatory action in a model of ulcerative colitis, reducing the level of pro-inflammatory mediators more than each component separately.

Reference to the study: Liu S. et al. (2022). PMC. (https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...) MDPI+5PMC+5ResearchGate+5MDPIFrontiers

Resveratrol, being a key component of R. japonica extracts, demonstrates potentiation of anti-inflammatory effects when combined with other natural phenols. For example, in immune cells, resveratrol suppresses NF-κB, COX-2 and the production of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, indicating a broad immunomodulatory effect. Such an additive and modulating mechanism is manifested through joint suppression of several cytokines and signaling pathways.

Reference to the study: Pathak S. et al. (2022). Plant-based Immunomodulators. Xiahe Publishing. (https://www.xiahepublishing.co...) xiahepublishing.com

Additionally, resveratrol can synergize with other anti-inflammatory natural substances, enhancing the suppression of NF-κB, reducing cytokine production and strengthening antioxidant potential — which reflects the functional directions of synergy as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antioxidant. To date, these interactions have been confirmed in vitro and in model systems, but require further in vivo and pharmaceutical study.

Thus, synergistic effects of Reynoutria japonica are manifested through:

• combination of resveratrol and emodin — enhanced anti-inflammatory potential;
• modulating effects on NF-κB and the cytokine network (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12);
• additive effects, when several phenolic compounds act through different but complementary targets, enhancing the overall response.

Sources are based on strict pharmacological data, without references to marketing or unconfirmed combinations.