​Hypericum Perforatum L (St. John's Wort)

Hypericum Perforatum L (St. John's Wort)

Product Name: Зверобой продырявленный, Hypericum perforatum, Johanniskraut, Hierba de San Juan, Millepertuis, عشبة القديس يوحنا, หญ้าเซนต์จอห์น, Giperikum, Жонжигүл, Hyperikum, Хиперикум, Jonažolė, Asinszāle, Звіробій, Hiperikum, היפריקום

Synonyms: зверобой, продырявленный зверобой, зверобой настоящий, зверобой лекарственный, зверобой обыкновенный, зверобой перфорированный / St John's wort, common St John's wort, perforate St John's-wort / Echtes Johanniskraut, Gemeines Johanniskraut / Hipérico, hierba de San Juan, corazoncillo / Millepertuis perforé, herbe de la Saint-Jean / عشبة سانت جون، عشبة القلب، عشب القديس يوحنا / หญ้าศักดิ์สิทธิ์, หญ้าเซนต์จอห์น, สมุนไพรเซนต์จอห์น

Used Parts: flowering tops, leaves, flowers, stems, herb, aerial parts, root, oil, extract, powder, Tinctures, aqueous infusions, hydrolates, essential oil, St. John's wort herb.

Main Indications for the Use of Hypericum perforatum: Mild to moderate depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, neurocirculatory dystonia, psychovegetative syndrome, phobic disorders, premenstrual syndrome, menopausal syndrome, chronic fatigue, somatoform disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic gastritis with reduced secretion, gastric and duodenal ulcers, exogenously induced dermatitis, herpetic infection, first and second degree burns, osteoarthritis, cystitis, urethritis, inflammatory diseases of the uterine appendages, seborrheic dermatitis, viral skin papillomas, superficial bacterial skin infections.

Use of Hypericum perforatum in Mixtures and Complexes: Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive-phobic syndrome, chronic recurrent herpes, chronic prostatitis, autoimmune thyroidopathies, smoker's chronic bronchitis, chronic tonsillitis, cervical osteochondrosis, chronic vascular migraine, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment in the elderly, post-stroke asthenoneurotic syndrome, metabolic syndrome.

Pharmacological Properties of Hypericum perforatum: Antidepressant, anxiolytic, neuroprotective, spasmolytic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, wound-healing, photosensitizing, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, analgesic, choleretic, adaptogenic, anti-ulcer, carminative, astringent, anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, regenerative, antipruritic, vessel-strengthening, venotonic, antinociceptive.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Hypericum perforatum

Powder — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Powder): Mild to moderate depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, neurocirculatory dystonia, chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 0.5 grams of powder 2 times a day, orally after meals, with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1 gram 2 times a day, for anxiety disorder, moderate depressive episode, and pronounced psychovegetative syndrome.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 2 grams per day, for resistant anxiety disorder and functional asthenia, course no more than 10 days, then transition to the standard dosage.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.3 grams once a day in the morning, for 30 days, for chronic gastritis with reduced secretion, premenstrual syndrome, and asthenoneurotic syndrome in persons over 50 years of age.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): Use of powder is not recommended in children under 12 years of age. From 12 years — 0.25 grams once a day after meals with a weight of more than 40 kg, only under medical supervision.

Contraindications (Powder): Photodermatosis, severe depression, use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors, organ transplantation, use of cyclosporine. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): Photosensitization, headache, dry mouth, increased blood pressure, insomnia with evening intake.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For body weight less than 60 kg — reduce the dosage by 25%. For body weight over 90 kg — an increase in the daily dose to 1.5 grams per day for no more than 5 days is allowed.

Preparation method (Powder): Raw material: dried St. John's wort herb (100 grams). Sort, remove large particles, grind to a powder with a particle size of no more than 0.5 mm. Sift through a fine sieve. Package in dark glass jars or capsule containers. Do not use metal objects.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a dark, dry place at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C, without access to sunlight, away from sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Dry Extract): Mild to moderate depressive disorder, premenstrual syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic gastritis, neurovegetative disorders in the climacteric period.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): Equivalent to 300 milligrams of hypericin per day, orally in 2 doses, with meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): Equivalent to 600 milligrams of hypericin per day, for persistent irritability and psychovegetative disorders in menopausal women.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): No more than 900 milligrams of hypericin per day, for no longer than 14 days. Used for persistent anxiety-depressive syndrome, under inpatient observation.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 150 milligrams of hypericin once a day in the morning, 21 days per month, for 3 months. Used for seasonal affective disorders and in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): Used from 12 years of age with a weight of 45 kg or more. Starting dose — 100 milligrams of hypericin once a day, if necessary under medical supervision.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Idiosyncrasy to hypericin, use of antidepressants, pregnancy, photodermatitis. Data on contraindications during breastfeeding and in children under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): Dizziness, photodermatitis, headache, increased anxiety when the dosage is exceeded.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): For body weight less than 60 kg — the initial dose is reduced by 20%; for body weight over 80 kg — an increase in dosage of up to 20% is allowed in the absence of side effects.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): Ingredients: St. John's wort herb 200 grams, purified water 400 milliliters, 40% ethanol — 200 milliliters. Extract at a temperature of 50 °C for 6 hours, evaporate under vacuum to a dry residue, dry at 40 °C, grind to a powder state. Obtain 100 grams of dry extract.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in a tightly closed glass container, in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture, at a temperature not exceeding +20 °C. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 90 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Tincture): Mild to moderate depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, psychosomatic stomach disorders, gastric and duodenal ulcers, neurocirculatory dystonia, post-stroke asthenia.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops 2 times a day, dilute in 50 milliliters of water, take 30 minutes before meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 30 drops 3 times a day for pronounced anxiety-depressive syndrome, post-viral asthenia, and hypotonic form of dystonia.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 40 drops 3 times a day. Allowed for no more than 5 days for severe asthenodepressive symptoms, then — transition to the standard dose.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops once a day in the morning, for 14 days. Recommended for recurrent gastritis, stress-induced insomnia, and seasonal emotional lability.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Use is not recommended in children under 12 years of age. From 12 years — no more than 5 drops once a day, diluted in 100 milliliters of water, under medical supervision.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcoholism, organic liver lesions, use of antidepressants, use of warfarin and cyclosporine. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are insufficient; use should be avoided.

Side Effects (Tincture): Dryness of the oral mucosa, dizziness, irritability, tachycardia, insomnia with evening intake, phototoxic reactions.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): Patients with body weight less than 60 kg — start with 10 drops. Patients with body weight over 90 kg — an increase in dose to 30 drops per dose is possible.

Preparation method (Tincture): Ingredients: St. John's wort herb 100 grams, 70% ethyl alcohol — 400 milliliters. Grind the raw material, pour with alcohol in a dark glass container. Infuse for 14 days at room temperature, shaking daily. Strain through gauze, filter. Bring the volume to 400 milliliters. Store in a tightly closed dark glass bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C, in a dark place, without access to sunlight, away from sources of EMI. Shelf life — up to 3 years. After opening, use within 90 days.

Oil Infusion — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Oil Infusion): First and second degree burns, herpetic skin infection, eczema, atopic dermatitis, varicose veins with trophic changes, myalgia, bruises, post-injection infiltration.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally, apply a thin layer to the affected area 2 times a day, do not rub. Course — up to 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 4 applications per day for pronounced skin inflammations, infected wounds, and herpetic eruptions.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 6 applications per day in a short course of up to 3 days. Applicable for acute skin inflammations with exudation.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): 1 application once every 2 days on problem skin areas, for 2 weeks. Suitable for chronic dermatitis, couperose, and a tendency to varicose inflammation.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 3 years — single local application on an area of no more than 5 square centimeters, no more than once a day.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Allergy to components, active form of dermatomycoses, extensive open wounds. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered; cautious use is allowed.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Local redness, burning sensation, photodermatitis upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Not required, as it is used locally.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): Ingredients: St. John's wort herb 50 grams, refined coconut oil 100 grams. Grind the raw material, pour with oil in a glass jar. Keep in sunlight for 3 weeks, shaking daily. After completion, strain, filter, store in a dark bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C, away from sources of heat and light, in a dark glass container. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 60 days.

Vaginal Suppository — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Vaginal Suppository): Bacterial vaginitis, atrophic colpitis, vaginal herpes, post-coagulation cervicitis, chronic endocervicitis, itching and irritation of the vaginal mucosa, vaginal microflora dysbiosis.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 1 suppository (500 milligrams of active substance) once a day at night, intravaginally, course 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 1 suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for an active inflammatory process with itching, bacterial vaginitis, or viral lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 3 suppositories per day, no more than 3 days in a row, then transition to the standard dosage. Used for acute inflammatory forms of colpitis.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 1 suppository every other day, 10 applications per course. Used for recurrent bacterial vaginosis, in women with reduced local immune reactivity, and in postmenopause.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): Not used in girls before the onset of puberty. From 16 years — 1 suppository every other day under medical supervision.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppository): Individual sensitivity, active fungal vaginal infections. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in adolescents under 16 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppository): Burning, moderate itching, intensifying when the dose is exceeded or combined with other local agents.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppository): Adjustment is not required.

Preparation method (Vaginal Suppository): Ingredients for 100 grams: cocoa butter 80 grams, St. John's wort oil infusion 15 grams, dry St. John's wort extract 5 grams. Melt the cocoa butter in a water bath at 40–42 °C, add the infusion and dry extract, mix until homogeneous, pour into vaginal forms (2 grams). Cool, package.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppository): Store at a temperature of +5 to +8 °C, in an airtight package, in the dark, away from electromagnetic fields. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening the package, use within 5 days.

Rectal Suppository — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Rectal Suppository): Hemorrhoids, anal fissure, proctitis, rectal itching, postoperative pain in the anorectal area, neurogenic constipation, inflammation of the rectal mucosa during cytostatic therapy.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 1 suppository (500 milligrams of active substance) once a day, at night, course 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 1 suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for pronounced pain syndrome, rectal itching, and hemorrhoidal nodes with inflammation.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 3 suppositories per day, allowed for 3 days for intense proctalgia, then transition to the standard dosage.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 1 suppository every 3 days for a month. Used for a tendency to chronic constipation and in patients after proctological surgeries.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppository): From 10 years — ½ suppository once a day with a weight of 30 kg or more. Only by doctor's prescription.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppository): Acute rectal bleeding, hypersensitivity, malignant neoplasms of the rectum. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppository): Tingling, burning in the anorectal area, dyspepsia, increased peristalsis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppository): For body weight less than 50 kg — a half dose is recommended. Adjustment is not required for weight over 60 kg.

Preparation method (Rectal Suppository): Ingredients for 100 grams: coconut oil 80 grams, St. John's wort oil infusion 15 grams, dry St. John's wort extract 5 grams. Melt the coconut oil in a water bath (temperature 40 °C), add the infusion and extract, mix until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Pour into rectal forms (2 grams), cool, package in foil.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppository): Store at a temperature of +5 to +8 °C, in the original packaging, protected from light and EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 7 days.

Nasal Drops — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Nasal Drops): Acute and chronic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis outside the season, post-viral inflammation of the nasal mucosa, mucosal recovery after surgical interventions.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1–2 drops in each nasal passage 2 times a day, for 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops in each nasal passage 3 times a day for acute inflammation, dryness and irritation of the mucosa, and after surgical interventions.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): 4 drops up to 4 times a day, no longer than 3 days, then transition to the standard regimen. Used for pronounced nasal congestion and mucosal edema.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop once a day for 7 days, recommended for seasonal allergies, post-influenza mucosal recovery, and in persons with chronic atrophic rhinitis.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): From 3 years — 1 drop in each nasal passage once a day. From 7 years — 1 drop 2 times a day. The solution should be additionally diluted with jojoba or sesame oil 1:1.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Nasal polyposis, acute fungal mucosal infections, hypersensitivity. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years of age have not been registered.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Burning in the nose, sneezing, mucosal hyperemia when the dosage is exceeded.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): Adjustment is not required.

Preparation method (Nasal Drops): Ingredients: St. John's wort oil infusion 80 grams, jojoba oil 20 grams. Mix until homogeneous, filter through a microfilter (0.22 µm), pour into sterile dropper bottles. Volume per bottle — 10 milliliters.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C, in a dark place. After opening, use within 30 days. Do not subject to heating, protect from EMI.

Ear Drops — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Ear Drops): External otitis, irritation of the ear canal, eczema of the external ear, post-traumatic inflammation, itching in the ear canal, bacterial and viral inflammation of the skin of the auricle.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops in the external auditory canal 2 times a day, course — 5 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops 3 times a day for pronounced itching, weeping, and irritation of the external ear skin.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): Up to 4 drops 4 times a day for no longer than 3 days, for purulent forms of external otitis without perforation of the eardrum.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop in each ear once a day, 5 days. Used for a tendency to external otitis, in swimmers, and for irritation from wearing a hearing aid.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 5 years — 1 drop once a day with a weight of more than 20 kilograms. The solution should be preheated to body temperature.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the eardrum, active purulent otitis, fungal ear infections. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Burning, pain, dizziness when used in cases of hidden perforation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): Adjustment is not required.

Preparation method (Ear Drops): Ingredients: St. John's wort oil infusion 90 grams, grape seed oil 10 grams. Mix, filter, sterilize in a water bath at 60 °C for 15 minutes. Pour into dropper bottles of 10 milliliters.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in a cool, dark place at a temperature of +5...+25 °C. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days. Store away from sources of electromagnetic radiation.

Oil Extract — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Oil Extract): First and second degree burns, herpetic skin infection, neurogenic itching, trophic ulcers, eczema, dry seborrhea, skin microtraumas, varicose skin inflammation, post-injection inflammations.

Standard Dosage (Oil Extract): Externally, 1–2 applications per day, apply a thin layer without rubbing on the affected area. Course — up to 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Extract): 3–4 applications per day for pronounced inflammations, viral skin lesions, and herpes.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Extract): Up to 6 applications per day in a short course of 2–3 days for acute inflammatory changes.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Extract): 1 application once every 3 days on problem skin areas (varicose veins, dryness, inflammation), course — 2 weeks. Recommended for chronic venous insufficiency, a tendency to skin inflammation, and age-related skin dryness.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Extract): From 3 years — spot application no more than once a day on an area of up to 5 cm². Only under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Oil Extract): Individual intolerance, active fungal skin lesions. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years of age have not been registered.

Side Effects (Oil Extract): Photodermatitis, local skin irritation, erythema when applied to damaged skin under UV irradiation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Extract): Not required (preparation for external use).

Preparation method (Oil Extract): Ingredients: St. John's wort herb 100 grams, coconut oil 150 grams. Grind the raw material, pour with warm oil (35–40 °C), infuse for 3 weeks in a glass jar in the light, shaking daily. Then strain, filter through cloth and store in a tightly closed dark container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Extract): Store at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C in a dark glass container, away from sunlight and electromagnetic sources. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 60 days.

Cream — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Cream): Seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis, dry skin, irritation after shaving, psoriasis in remission, skin allergic reactions, post-inflammatory pigmentation.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply a thin layer 1–2 times a day to pre-cleansed skin. Course — 7–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): 3–4 times a day on affected skin areas, for inflammation, itchy rashes, and skin fissures.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Up to 5 times a day on limited areas of the body, no more than 3 days in a row. Then transition to the standard regimen.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Once a day on areas with increased sensitivity, in persons with chronic dermatitis and eczema, 14 days in a row, repeat course — after 1 month.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): From 2 years — apply a thin layer once a day, no more than 5 cm² per application. Only on intact skin.

Contraindications (Cream): Allergic reactions to components, acute purulent skin processes, weeping eczema. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 2 years of age have not been registered.

Side Effects (Cream): Contact dermatitis, redness, burning sensation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Not required.

Preparation method (Cream): Ingredients per 100 grams: St. John's wort oil extract 25 grams, distilled water 50 grams, emulsifier (beeswax) 10 grams, coconut oil 15 grams. Melt the oil and wax in a water bath, separately heat the water to 40 °C. Slowly pour the water into the oil phase with intensive stirring. Cool with constant stirring. Pour into sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +5 to +8 °C, in airtight packaging, protected from light and heat. Shelf life — up to 3 months. After opening, use within 20 days.

Ointment — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Ointment): Anal fissure, eczema, psoriasis, varicose inflammation, trophic ulcers, skin herpes, superficial bacterial infections, inflamed insect bites, skin fissures in the heels and hands.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer 1–2 times a day to the affected skin area. Course — 5–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Up to 3 times a day for the active stage of inflammation, fissures, and infected abrasions.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): 4–5 times a day on limited skin areas, for 3 days. Used for trophic ulcers and herpetic vesicles.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once a day on dry, damaged skin in patients with chronic dermatitis, varicose disease, and after frostbite. Course — 10 days with a 1-month interval.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 3 years — apply once a day on a limited area (no more than 2×2 cm²), under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Ointment): Individual intolerance, weeping dermatoses, deep purulent wounds. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Ointment): Redness, burning sensation, increased itching.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): Adjustment is not required.

Preparation method (Ointment): Ingredients per 100 grams: St. John's wort oil extract 20 grams, lanolin 30 grams, beeswax 10 grams, white petroleum jelly 40 grams. Melt all ingredients in a water bath at a temperature of 45 °C, mix until a homogeneous mass is obtained, cool, package in sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of +5 to +10 °C. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Serum — Hypericum perforatum

Indications (Serum): Couperose, sensitive skin with redness, post-acne, inflammatory skin elements, decreased skin tone, dilated capillaries, post-peeling restorative care.

Standard Dosage (Serum): Apply 3–5 drops to pre-cleansed face in the morning and evening with light massaging movements. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): Up to 7 drops 2 times a day for pronounced couperose, post-inflammatory skin changes, and fibrous scars.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): Up to 10 drops 3 times a day for 3 days for active skin irritation (medical prescription), then transition to the standard dose.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 3 drops once a day in the evening. Course — 10 days per month. Recommended for sensitive skin in patients 40+ with signs of decreased vascular tone.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): Not recommended for children under 14 years of age. From 14 years — only local spot application once a day.

Contraindications (Serum): Photodermatitis, fresh sunburns, active stage of acne, individual sensitivity. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Serum): Burning, redness, photosensitization.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Serum): Not required.

Preparation method (Serum): Ingredients per 100 grams: St. John's wort hydrolate 70 grams, vegetable glycerin 10 grams, St. John's wort oil extract 10 grams, dry St. John's wort extract 5 grams, preservative (lavender essential oil) 5 grams. Mix at a temperature not exceeding 30 °C, mix until a transparent emulsion is obtained, filter and pour into glass bottles with a dispenser.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store at a temperature of +5 to +15 °C, protect from sunlight. After opening, use within 30 days. Shelf life of an unopened bottle — 6 months.

Pharmacodynamics — Hypericum perforatum

The pharmacodynamics of St. John's wort is due to a wide range of biologically active substances, including flavonoids, naphthodianthrones (hypericin and pseudohypericin), phenolic carboxylic acids, biflavones, terpenoids, and xanthones. The complex of these compounds exhibits multicomponent and multisystem pharmacological action, confirmed by both preclinical and clinical studies.

The main action is realized at the level of the central nervous system, where hypericin and hyperforin mediate the modulation of neurotransmitter system activity, in particular serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and GABAergic. These effects are achieved through inhibition of neurotransmitter reuptake in presynaptic endings, as well as possible allosteric modulation of transport proteins. The participation of σ1 receptors has also been proven, which may explain the regulation of neuroplasticity and modulation of cellular response to stressful stimuli.

At the level of the immune system, the drug exhibits moderate immunomodulatory properties, including regulation of the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and the activity of innate immunity cells. The effects are associated with flavonoids and quercetin-like compounds capable of inhibiting transcription factors, including NF-κB, and reducing the expression of inflammation mediators.

Considerable attention in pharmacodynamics is given to antioxidant action. The bioflavonoids and phenolic compounds of St. John's wort exhibit the ability to inactivate reactive oxygen species, inhibit lipoperoxidation processes, and protect cell membranes from oxidative damage. This mechanism underlies cellular protection in tissues subject to chronic inflammation or metabolic stress.

On the skin and mucous membranes, St. John's wort realizes local anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and reparative action. Components of St. John's wort oil exhibit activity against gram-positive bacteria and herpesviruses, and also enhance granulation and epithelialization by stimulating fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation.

Additionally, a vessel-strengthening and mild venotonic effect has been identified, due to the action of proanthocyanidins on capillary permeability and venous wall tone.

The systemic level of action of the drug covers the central nervous system, immune system, skin, vascular endothelium, and gastrointestinal tract. At the molecular level, targets have been identified among transport proteins, receptors (including NMDA, σ1), enzymes (including monoamine oxidase and cyclooxygenase), as well as signaling pathways involved in cellular adaptation to stress. 

References:
- Butterweck V. Mechanism of Action of St John's Wort in Central Nervous System Disorders. CNS Drugs. 2003.
- Linde K. et al. Hypericum for depression – an updated meta-analysis of clinical trials. BMJ. 2005.
- Müller WE. Current St John’s wort research from mode of action to clinical efficacy. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003.
- Medina MA, Martínez-Poveda B. et al. Hyperforin: More than an antidepressant bioactive compound? Life Sci. 2006.
- PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...)
- PMC (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...)

Pharmacokinetics — Hypericum perforatum

The pharmacokinetics of St. John's wort components is complex and depends on the form of administration and the composition of the extract used. Upon oral administration (powder, extract, alcoholic tincture), active substances, including hypericin, hyperforin, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, are absorbed mainly in the small intestine. The degree of absorption varies depending on the solubility of the substance and the presence of a lipophilic matrix. Hyperforin demonstrates increased absorption when using oil forms, which is due to its high lipophilicity.

Flavonoids, especially hyperin and rutin, are partially transformed by the intestinal microflora with the formation of metabolites capable of penetrating the intestinal barrier. These metabolites enter the portal vein, after which they undergo metabolism in the liver through phase I (cytochrome P450) and phase II (glucuronidation, sulfation) enzymes.

At the transdermal level (ointment, cream, oil extract, serum), the penetration of active substances is limited by the stratum corneum of the skin. However, in the presence of damage or inflammation, absorption is enhanced. Bioavailability with local application remains low, providing a local effect.

When administered through mucous membranes (suppositories, nasal and ear drops), active substances are partially absorbed into the systemic circulation. Lipophilic components are particularly well absorbed when administered in the rectal or vaginal area, bypassing primary hepatic metabolism.

The metabolism of most St. John's wort substances occurs in the liver. The participation of isoenzymes CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6 has been established, which determines the possibility of drug interactions. Excretion occurs primarily with bile (for lipophilic substances) and with urine (for hydrophilic metabolites). The participation of the skin and lungs in the excretion of volatile fractions (essential oils) is not excluded. No pronounced cumulative effect has been identified; however, with prolonged use, induction of liver enzyme systems is possible, which accelerates the metabolism of other drugs.

References:
- Barnes J. et al. Pharmacokinetics and interactions of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) with conventional drugs: an update. CNS Drugs. 2001.
- Uebelhack R. et al. Comparative study of the bioavailability of St. John’s Wort preparations. Arzneimittelforschung. 1998.
- MedlinePlus Herb Database (https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/herb/329.html)
- PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...)
- ScienceDirect (https://www.sciencedirect.com/...)

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Hypericum perforatum

St. John's wort contains various bioactive substances (naphthodianthrones — hypericin/pseudohypericin, hyperforin, flavonoids, phenolic carboxylic acids, terpenes), which provide a complex pharmacological action. On the central nervous system, they act by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) and allosteric modulation of transport proteins, including by hyperforin, which affects emotional regulation and neuroplasticity.

Hyperforin acts as a dual inhibitor of the enzyme systems COX-1 and 5-LOX, reducing the synthesis of eicosanoids and, accordingly, the inflammatory reaction; at the same time, inhibition of the NF-κB cascade is activated, which has been confirmed both in vitro and in vivo pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Flavonoids (for example, hyperin, quercetin) and phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant activity, blocking free radicals and reducing lipid peroxidation webmd.com+10pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+10pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+10. In turn, the antioxidant action of these substances serves as tissue protection under oxidative and inflammatory stress.

Immunomodulation by St. John's wort parts is carried out by reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), delaying the activation of macrophages and neutrophils, and also suppressing NF-κB-dependent signaling cascades.

Antimicrobial and antiviral action is locally provided by oil and alcoholic extracts; their active components demonstrate activity against gram-positive bacteria and herpes viruses at the level of membrane permeability and replication sciencedirect.com+5pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+5mdpi.com+5.

Vascular-systemic effects are manifested in improved capillary tone and reduced vascular wall permeability due to the action of proanthocyanidins and flavonoids, which is realized through enhanced microcirculation and endothelial stabilization.

At the molecular level, the effect of St. John's wort includes modulation of σ1 receptors (neuroprotective effect), inhibition of COX-1 and 5-LOX enzymes, reduction of the activity of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB, as well as regulation of PPARγ, which is described in studies evaluating the anti-inflammatory and metabolic action of extracts.

Thus, the mechanism of action of St. John's wort is based on the synergistic interaction of various biologically active substances that exert neuromodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial effects. These effects are realized multisystemically — in the central nervous system, immune system, skin, mucous membranes, blood vessels, at molecular targets — receptors, enzymes, signaling cascades, and cell populations.

Synergy — Hypericum perforatum

Data on the interaction of St. John's wort with other plants show additive and potentiating effects. Thus, combinations with plants containing passionflower and valerian enhance sedative and anxiolytic action, modulating neurotransmitter systems (GABA, serotonin).

Flavonoids of St. John's wort (hyperin, quercetin) in combination with other antioxidants are able to enhance the inactivation of free radicals, as well as inhibit the signaling pathways NF-κB and MAPK, creating an additive anti-inflammatory effect. This is especially pronounced when used together with plants rich in polyphenols, which is confirmed by biochemical in vitro studies pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+13pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+13pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov+13.

Synergistic antimicrobial and reparative action has been noted when St. John's wort is used together with antibacterial oils (for example, tea tree, lavender), where St. John's wort components, enhancing collagen synthesis and epithelialization, complement the antimicrobial properties of essential oils. In general, functional enhancement at the tissue level of wounds is noted, which is confirmed by experimental data.

Furthermore, combined use of St. John's wort with other immunomodulators (for example, echinacea or ashwagandha) forms a complex immune response: the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is reduced, protective signaling cascades are activated, and cellular immunity resistance is increased. These properties are confirmed by studies that have revealed modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway and enhancement of phagocytic activity.

A synergistic anticancer effect has also been identified: hyperforin and hypericin in combination inhibit tumor cell proliferation, enhancing apoptosis through activation of the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway and inhibition of MAPK pathways. Thus, St. John's wort demonstrates complex and multifaceted synergy with other plant and natural substances, enhancing key mechanisms — antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cellular apoptotic processes — which justifies its broad integration into phytochemical and multicomponent formulas.

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Hypericum perforatum

St. John's wort is one of the most widely used plants in the European and Eurasian ethnomedical tradition. Its range covers almost all of Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Siberia, Central Asia, and has also been naturalized in North America, Australia, and New Zealand. Ethnobotanical data on the use of this plant have been recorded among Germanic, Slavic, Celtic, Balkan, Turkic, and Thracian peoples.

In Western European medieval herbalists, St. John's wort was considered a plant of light, associated with the solstice and cleansing power. In Germanic culture, it was collected during the summer solstice and hung in dwellings as protection from "evil spirits" and diseases. In the Balkans, in the tradition of the South Slavs, St. John's wort infusion was used externally for washing in "periods of weakening of the soul," and its oil was used as a protective agent for newborns and women after childbirth.

In Russian folk healing practice, the plant is known as "zveroboynik," "krovavnik," "Ivan's grass." It was used for fumigation, fumigating dwellings, making amulets from dried brooms, as well as in rituals for purification and expulsion of the "evil eye." The decoction was used in bathing, the infusion — in washing before spells. St. John's wort oil was used in the form of wraps, dressings, and rubbings.

In traditional medicine of Central Asia, dried St. John's wort herb was brewed and used for washing children and the elderly. Among the Kyrgyz and Kazakhs, St. John's wort was part of mixtures passed down through generations of healers (baky) as a calming and "spirit-cleansing" remedy.

In ancient Greek sources (including the works of Dioscorides), the use of the plant under the name Hyperikon as a means of cleansing the spirit and body is recorded. In Roman tradition, it was associated with Mars and used as a protective plant for soldiers.

In the ritual and ceremonial traditions of Europe and Siberia, St. John's wort was used for fumigation in cases of diseases of unknown origin, in fortune-telling, and also in "locks" — protective texts associated with elements of water and blood. In the territory of Ukraine and Lithuania, it was considered a plant for young women: wreaths of St. John's wort were woven into hair when getting married, dried in chests with a dowry as a symbol of "strong body and spirit."

Thus, St. John's wort has deep roots in the ritual, magical, and medicinal practice of dozens of ethnocultural regions, where it is perceived not only as a medicinal plant but also as a sacred element associated with purification, protection, and restoration of the integrity of body and spirit.