Fragaria vesca (Wild Strawberry, Berry)

Fragaria vesca (Wild Strawberry, Berry)

Product Name: Земляника лесная, Fragaria vesca, Wald-Erdbeere, Fresa silvestre, Fraisier des bois, الفراولة البرية, สตรอเบอรี่ป่า

Synonyms: Земляника дикая, Лесная клубника, Дикая ягода; Wild strawberry, Woodland strawberry; Waldbeere, Erdbeerstrauch; Fresa silvestre, Frutilla del bosque; Fraise des bois, Fraisier commun; الفراولة البرية, فراولة الغابة; สตรอเบอรี่ป่า, ผลไม้ป่าตระกูลสตรอเบอรี่

Main Indications for the Use of Fragaria vesca: Cholelithiasis, arterial hypertension, chronic gastritis with reduced secretion, functional dyspepsia, urolithiasis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, chronic venous insufficiency, thrombophlebitis, obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, iron deficiency anemia, hemorrhoids, hyperuricemia, gout, atopic dermatitis, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, chronic fatigue, immunodeficiency states, chronic bronchitis, gingivitis, periodontitis.

Use of Fragaria vesca in Mixtures and Complexes: Large stone cholelithiasis, gastric ulcer, chronic pancreatitis, chronic hepatitis, autoimmune thyroiditis, viral hepatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory pelvic diseases, chronic prostatitis, varicose disease in the decompensation stage, oncological diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stage III hypertension, metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis, hypothyroidism, chronic sinusitis.

Pharmacological Properties of Fragaria vesca: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, capillary-strengthening, diuretic, choleretic, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, astringent, general tonic, hepatoprotective, anti-anemic, photoprotective, angioprotective, adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, spasmolytic, mild sedative, anti-edema.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Fragaria vesca

Powder — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Powder): Chronic gastritis with reduced secretion, functional dyspepsia, iron deficiency anemia, hyperuricemia, chronic bronchitis, atopic dermatitis, obesity, gout, hemorrhoids.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1.5 grams of powder three times a day 20 minutes before meals, with warm water. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 2 grams of powder four times a day for iron deficiency anemia, hyperuricemia, chronic dermatitis with itching, and stage II obesity.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 3 grams of powder five times a day, for 5 days, allowed in the active phase of gout, exacerbation of hemorrhoids with edema and thrombosis, and pronounced atonic colitis. Duration of use at the maximum dosage is no more than 5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 1 gram of powder twice a day in the morning and evening, for 14 days. Recommended for patients with metabolic syndrome, overweight, chronic stress, mild hypertension, and vegetative-vascular dystonia. A repeat course is possible after a 10-day break.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 7 years, with a body weight of at least 25 kilograms — 0.5 grams of powder twice a day. From 12 years — 1 gram of powder twice a day. Use only under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Powder): Gastric and duodenal ulcers in the acute stage, irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea, acute pancreatitis, individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 7 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): Scientifically registered: allergic skin rashes at dosages above 5 grams per day, nausea, and diarrhea with prolonged use without breaks.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For body weight less than 60 kg, the dosage is reduced by 20%. For body weight over 90 kg, an increase in the daily dose by 25% may be required, especially for hyperuricemia and obesity.

Preparation method (Powder): Raw material: dried ripe wild strawberry berries — 100 grams. Grind in a mortar or on stone millstones to obtain a uniform powder of medium fraction (not flour). Sift through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.5 mm. Store in an airtight glass container, without access to air. Do not use metal knives or blade coffee grinders to avoid oxidation.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a tightly closed glass container, in a dry, light-protected place at a temperature of 15 to 25 °C. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and EMI. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening the package, use within 30 days. Do not allow contact with wet instruments.

Extract — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Extract): Arterial hypertension, chronic venous insufficiency, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, iron deficiency anemia, hypothyroidism, chronic fatigue syndrome, immunodeficiency states.

Standard Dosage (Extract): 15 drops of liquid extract, diluted in 50 ml of warm water, three times a day 20 minutes before meals. Course — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Extract): 20 drops four times a day for stage II hypertension, chronic venous insufficiency with trophic disorders, and diabetes mellitus with microangiopathies.

Maximum Dosage (Extract): 25 drops five times a day, for 7 days for pronounced chronic fatigue syndrome, immunodeficiency, and severe anemia. Continuation of the course requires clinical monitoring of ferritin and glycemia.

Preventive Dosage (Extract): 10 drops twice a day for 21 days. Prophylaxis is indicated for patients with physical inactivity, prediabetes, initial manifestations of varicose disease, and vegetative-vascular dystonia. Repeat course — after 14 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Extract): From 10 years, with a body weight of 30 kg or more — 5 drops 2 times a day. From 14 years — 8 drops 2 times a day. Use only in diluted form, strictly under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Extract): Acute liver failure, thyrotoxicosis, pronounced bradycardia, individual intolerance. Reliable data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 10 years of age are absent.

Side Effects (Extract): Registered: headache, dizziness, insomnia, allergic skin reactions with overdose. In isolated cases — reversible tachycardia.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Extract): Up to 60 kg — reduction of dosage by 15%. From 90 kg — increase in daily dose by 20%, especially with reduced gastrointestinal absorption or pronounced metabolic syndrome.

Preparation method (Extract): Raw material: ripe berries — 200 g, purified water — 150 ml, food-grade glycerin (organic) — 150 ml. Mix the crushed berries with water and glycerin, keep in a dark glass container for 10 days at a temperature of +20...+25 °C, shaking daily. Then filter through gauze, store in a dark glass jar. Yield — about 250 ml of glycerin extract.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Extract): Store at a temperature of +5 to +15 °C, without access to light, in a tightly stoppered dark glass container. Shielding from electromagnetic fields is desirable. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days, store in the refrigerator.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Tincture): Cystitis, pyelonephritis, chronic bronchitis, gingivitis, periodontitis, thrombophlebitis, chronic tonsillitis, intestinal dysbiosis, seborrheic dermatitis.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops of tincture, diluted in 100 ml of water, taken orally twice a day 30 minutes before meals. Duration of course — 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 25 drops three times a day for acute cystitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pronounced gingivitis, and microbial-inflammatory skin diseases. Course no more than 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 30 drops four times a day for 5 days for pyelonephritis with dysuria, inflammatory conditions of the oropharynx, and exacerbation of periodontitis. The maximum dosage requires mandatory combination with water and monitoring of the gastrointestinal tract condition.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 15 drops once a day in the evening for 10 days. Indicated for patients with frequent urinary tract inflammations, a tendency to edema, and chronic tonsillitis. Repeated use is possible no earlier than 2 weeks later.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age. From 12 to 16 years — 5–7 drops diluted in 100 ml of water once a day. Use only by doctor's prescription or under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Tincture): Chronic alcoholism, epilepsy, severe liver failure, pregnancy, lactation, age under 12 years, individual intolerance to Tinctures. Contraindications during lactation and in early childhood are registered as scientifically substantiated.

Side Effects (Tincture): Scientifically registered: burning sensation in the stomach, increased heartburn, irritation of the oral mucosa with local use in undiluted form, headache with overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For body weight below 60 kg, a reduction in the daily dose by 25% is recommended. For body weight above 85 kg, an increase in dose by 10–15% is allowed in the absence of gastrointestinal contraindications.

Preparation method (Tincture): Raw material: fresh strawberry berries — 100 grams, 40% ethyl alcohol — 300 ml. Crush the berries with a wooden spoon, place in a glass container, pour with alcohol. Infuse for 10 days at a temperature of +18...+25 °C in a dark place, shaking daily. After infusion, strain, pour into dark glass bottles. Yield — about 280 ml of finished tincture.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a dark, tightly closed glass container, at a temperature of +10 to +20 °C, away from sources of heat and light. Do not store near electrical appliances. Shelf life — up to 2 years. After opening, use within 60 days.

Oil Infusion — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atopic dermatitis, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, varicose disease, chronic hemorrhoids, trophic skin disorders, scars, dry skin and flaking.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — 3–5 ml of infusion applied in a thin layer to affected skin areas 2 times a day after cleansing. Course of use — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): 5–7 ml of oil infusion 3 times a day, applied to moist skin, for exacerbation of eczema, hyperkeratosis, pronounced dry skin, and formation of indurations. Recommended for use in combination with a warm compress made of natural fabric.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 10 ml 3–4 times a day, exclusively for dermatoses with lichenification and chronic skin inflammations. Long-term use at the maximum dose for more than 5 days in a row is not recommended.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): 2 ml once a day in the evening, for 7 days. Recommended for persons with sensitive skin, in the off-season, as well as patients with the initial stage of varicose disease, during the recovery period after skin inflammations. A repeat course is possible after 14 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 3 years, with a body weight of 15 kg or more — no more than 1 ml externally once a day. From 7 years — up to 2 ml 1–2 times a day. Apply only to intact skin, avoid contact with eyes.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Acute purulent skin lesions, individual intolerance to components, tendency to allergies to essential oils, do not apply to open wounds and mucous membranes. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and breastfeeding are absent in the scientific literature.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Scientifically registered: contact dermatitis, burning sensation, redness of the skin with overdose or application to inflamed skin. In rare cases — allergic rash.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Dosage adjustment is not required, as the form is applied externally. In case of overweight, an increase in the volume of the treated surface is allowed, but not the concentration.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): Raw material: dried strawberry berries — 50 g, organic cold-pressed grape seed oil — 100 ml. Pre-crush the berries in a mortar, place in a glass container, pour with oil, seal tightly. Keep in a water bath at a temperature of +45...+50 °C for 3 hours, then infuse at room temperature for 7 days in a dark place. After infusion, filter through cloth. Yield — about 95 ml of infusion.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a dark glass bottle at a temperature of +10 to +20 °C, in a place protected from light, away from sources of heat and EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 45 days. Do not allow contact with water or contaminated objects.

Hydrogels and Creams — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Hydrogels and Creams): Seborrheic dermatitis, acne, post-acne, atopic dermatitis, dry skin, hyperpigmentation, photoaging, sensitive skin, rosacea, small vascular manifestations (couperose).

Standard Dosage (Hydrogels and Creams): Apply 1 ml of cream or gel to pre-cleansed skin 2 times a day — morning and evening. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Hydrogels and Creams): 1.5–2 ml of cream 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation, flaking, itching, and hyperpigmentation. Recommended for persistent couperose and for recovery after laser procedures.

Maximum Dosage (Hydrogels and Creams): Up to 3 ml 3–4 times a day, for pronounced flaking and keratosis, inflammation after dermatological peels, first-degree burns, and after insect bites. Maximum use no more than 5 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Hydrogels and Creams): 0.5–1 ml of cream once a day at night for 14 days. Indicated for patients with sensitive skin living in megacities, in dry climates, with a tendency to micro-inflammations and allergic rashes. Repeat course after 7 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Hydrogels and Creams): From 2 years — apply 0.3–0.5 ml of cream once a day on limited areas of skin. From 6 years — up to 1 ml 1–2 times a day. Use under adult supervision, avoid the eye area.

Contraindications (Hydrogels and Creams): Acute weeping dermatitis, individual intolerance to components, open ulcers and fresh burns, infected skin lesions. There is no scientifically registered data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 2 years of age.

Side Effects (Hydrogels and Creams): Scientifically registered: local irritation, feeling of tightness, temporary increase in dryness in the first 1–2 days of use, rare allergic reactions in the form of redness.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Hydrogels and Creams): Adjustment is not required, as the form is applied locally. It is allowed to vary the area of application depending on needs.

Preparation method (Hydrogel): Raw material: strawberry glycerin extract — 20 ml, fresh aloe vera juice — 20 ml, chamomile hydrolate — 40 ml, natural thickener (xanthan gum) — 1 g, grape seed oil — 10 ml, lavender essential oil — 0.5 ml, preservative based on plant polyphenols — 0.5 ml. Mix all components in a sterile container, mix thoroughly until a homogeneous gel is obtained. Transfer to a sealed dark glass container. Yield — 100 ml.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Hydrogel): Store at a temperature of +5 to +10 °C, in a tightly closed glass container, away from sources of light and electromagnetic fields. Shelf life — 45 days. After opening, use within 21 days. Remove only with clean dry hands or a spatula.

Liquid Oil Extract — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Liquid Oil Extract): Chronic hemorrhoids, varicose disease, trophic ulcers, perioral dermatitis, xerosis, skin fissures, atopic dermatitis, postoperative scars, chronic inflammations of the anal canal, mucosal irritation.

Standard Dosage (Liquid Oil Extract): 2 ml applied to affected areas of skin or mucosa 2 times a day, without rubbing. When applying to mucous membranes, use sterile applicators.

Enhanced Dosage (Liquid Oil Extract): 3 ml up to 3 times a day, especially for pronounced inflammation, fissures of the anal ring, hyperkeratosis, itching, and dryness. Combination with a warm chamomile infusion bath is allowed.

Maximum Dosage (Liquid Oil Extract): Up to 4 ml 4 times a day, no more than 5 days in a row. Indicated for trophic skin changes, prolonged inflammation, combination of varicose veins and eczema, and resistant dermatoses.

Preventive Dosage (Liquid Oil Extract): 1 ml once a day for 10 days. Recommended for patients with chronic hemorrhoids in remission, stage I varicose disease, skin prone to irritation and fissures, and people over 55 years of age with increased skin dryness.

Pediatric Dosage (Liquid Oil Extract): From 5 years, with a body weight of 20 kg or more — no more than 0.5 ml once a day externally. From 10 years — up to 1 ml. Do not use on mucous membranes in children under 12 years of age. Exclusively under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Liquid Oil Extract): Purulent wounds, weeping dermatitis, active bleeding from hemorrhoidal nodes, allergy to vegetable oils. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are absent in the scientific literature, individual decision is required.

Side Effects (Liquid Oil Extract): Scientifically recorded: allergic reactions in the form of itching, local edema, rash. In rare cases — burning sensation when applied to mucous membranes in the first 3 minutes.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Liquid Oil Extract): Adjustment is not required for external use. When treating large areas of skin in patients with a body weight above 90 kg, an increase in volume to 3.5 ml per treatment is possible.

Preparation method (Liquid Oil Extract): Raw material: fresh strawberry berries — 100 g, cold-pressed jojoba oil — 150 ml, witepsol (natural stabilizer) — 5 g. Crush the berries in a mortar to a puree-like state, mix with oil and stabilizer, heat in a water bath to +50 °C, keep at this temperature for 3 hours. Infuse at room temperature for 5 days in a sealed glass container, then strain through cloth and filter. Yield — about 140 ml of finished extract.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Liquid Oil Extract): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of +5 to +15 °C, in a dark glass bottle with a tightly closed lid. Shielding from EMI is desirable. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days, do not touch the contents with hands.

Liquid Concentrate — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Liquid Concentrate): Chronic fatigue syndrome, immunodeficiency states, type 2 diabetes mellitus, anemia, stage I–II hypertension, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis.

Standard Dosage (Liquid Concentrate): 5 ml of liquid concentrate, diluted in 100 ml of water, once a day in the morning on an empty stomach. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Liquid Concentrate): 5 ml twice a day (morning and afternoon) for chronic fatigue syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus in the decompensation stage, and hypercholesterolemia with risks of cardiovascular complications.

Maximum Dosage (Liquid Concentrate): 7 ml three times a day (21 ml/day), allowed short-term (no more than 5 days) for severe forms of metabolic syndrome, pronounced hyperglycemia, and immunodeficiencies after severe viral infections.

Preventive Dosage (Liquid Concentrate): 3 ml once a day in the morning, course — 14 days. Suitable for patients with the initial stage of hypertension, grade I obesity, physical inactivity, iron deficiency, and during spring vitamin deficiency. Repeat course after 30 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Liquid Concentrate): From 6 years — 1 ml of concentrate, diluted in 50 ml of water, once a day. From 12 years — up to 2 ml. Do not use undiluted. Use is allowed only under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Liquid Concentrate): Hyperacid gastritis, active peptic ulcer, severe renal failure, individual intolerance to components. Scientifically confirmed contraindications during pregnancy and breastfeeding are absent.

Side Effects (Liquid Concentrate): Scientifically registered: dyspeptic phenomena (bloating, rumbling), nausea when used undiluted, mild headache with a sharp increase in dosage.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Liquid Concentrate): For body weight less than 50 kg — dose reduction by 20%. For body weight over 90 kg, an increase in dose by 20–25% is allowed, taking into account glycemia and ferritin levels.

Preparation method (Liquid Concentrate): Raw material: fresh berries — 250 g, purified water — 200 ml, organic apple cider vinegar — 25 ml, acacia honey — 20 g. Crush the berries to a puree, mix with water and vinegar, keep for 6 hours at +25 °C. Then add honey, mix, strain through gauze, pour into a sterile bottle. Store the finished concentrate in the refrigerator. Yield — about 300 ml.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Liquid Concentrate): Store at a temperature of +2 to +8 °C, in a tightly closed dark glass container. Shelf life — no more than 21 days. After opening, use within 10 days, avoiding contact with contaminated objects.

Decoction-Macerate — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Decoction-Macerate): Functional dyspepsia, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer in remission, chronic colitis, constipation, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, acne, angioneurotic skin reactions, stomatitis, gingivitis.

Standard Dosage (Decoction-Macerate): Orally — 100 ml of fresh decoction 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Externally — in the form of lotions or rinsing affected areas 2–3 times a day. Course — 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Decoction-Macerate): Orally — 150 ml 3 times a day for pronounced dyspepsia, chronic colitis, and seborrheic dermatitis with itching and irritation. Externally — up to 5 times a day for weeping eczema and acne.

Maximum Dosage (Decoction-Macerate): Up to 200 ml 3 times a day orally, for 3 days, for severe inflammatory reactions of the gastrointestinal tract, irritation of the oral mucosa, and chronic gingivitis. Externally — up to 7 times a day, short-term.

Preventive Dosage (Decoction-Macerate): 100 ml once a day in the morning for 7 days, for the prevention of gastritis, seasonal skin rashes, and mucosal irritation after consuming acidic foods. Externally — once a day as a tonic or compress. Repeat the course once a month.

Pediatric Dosage (Decoction-Macerate): From 3 years — 50 ml once a day orally, up to 2 times a day if indicated. Externally — unlimited, provided there are no allergic reactions. From 7 years — up to 100 ml per day orally.

Contraindications (Decoction-Macerate): Acute enterocolitis, pronounced flatulence, individual intolerance. Reliable contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood are absent; however, long-term use requires medical supervision.

Side Effects (Decoction-Macerate): Registered: loosening of stools, flatulence, frequent urination with prolonged oral use. Externally — not recorded.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Decoction-Macerate): For patients with body weight less than 40 kg — reduction of dosage by 30%. Over 90 kg — an increase in volume to 150 ml per dose is possible for chronic colitis and weak digestion.

Preparation method (Decoction-Macerate): Raw material: dried strawberry berries — 20 g, purified water — 500 ml. Pour water at room temperature over the berries, infuse for 8 hours in a glass container, then heat in a water bath to +60 °C, keep for 20 minutes, without bringing to a boil. Cool, strain. Use within 24 hours. Yield — about 400 ml.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Decoction-Macerate): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2 to +6 °C in a closed glass container. Do not subject to reheating. Shelf life — no more than 24 hours. Do not use after the expiration date, even in the absence of odor.

Leaf Tincture — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Leaf Tincture): Diarrhea, flatulence, spastic colitis, intestinal dysbiosis, gum inflammation, excessive sweating, acne, atopic dermatitis, lactation disorders, tonsillitis, recurrent pharyngitis.

Standard Dosage (Leaf Tincture): 20 drops, diluted in 50 ml of warm water, 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals. Externally — mouth rinse (15 drops per 100 ml of water) up to 3 times a day. Course — 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Leaf Tincture): 25 drops 3 times a day for diarrhea, dysbiosis with pain syndrome, inflammation of the tonsils, and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa. Externally — in the form of a compress or lotions 4–5 times a day.

Maximum Dosage (Leaf Tincture): Up to 30 drops 4 times a day, allowed for 3 days for acute intestinal disorders, active phase of tonsil inflammation, or purulent skin rashes. Use at the maximum dosage should be short-term and under supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Leaf Tincture): 15 drops once a day in the morning, for 10 days. Externally — rinsing once a day for the prevention of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Recommended for a tendency to intestinal disorders, seasonal acute respiratory infections, and hyperhidrosis.

Pediatric Dosage (Leaf Tincture): From 6 years — 5–7 drops, diluted in 50 ml of water, once a day. Externally — from 3 years, diluted 1:10 with water. Rinsing — from 7 years, no more than 5 drops per 100 ml of water.

Contraindications (Leaf Tincture): Acute nephritis, pregnancy, lactation, individual intolerance to alcoholic tinctures, chronic alcoholism. Scientifically confirmed restrictions on use in children under 6 years of age and in pregnant women.

Side Effects (Leaf Tincture): Scientifically registered: heartburn, dizziness, drowsiness, allergic skin reactions, increased peristalsis. Rarely — nausea when taken on an empty stomach.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Leaf Tincture): Body weight below 50 kg — reduction of dosage by 25%. Over 90 kg — an increase in dosage to 25 drops per dose is possible without exceeding the daily dose.

Preparation method (Leaf Tincture): Raw material: dry strawberry leaves — 30 g, 40% ethyl alcohol — 200 ml. Place the leaves in a glass jar, pour with alcohol, infuse for 10 days in a dark place at a temperature of +18...+22 °C, shaking periodically. Strain, store in a tightly closed glass container. Yield — about 180 ml.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Leaf Tincture): Store in an airtight dark glass container, at a temperature of +10...+25 °C, away from sources of light and electromagnetic influence. Shelf life — 2 years. After opening, use within 45 days, do not allow contact with water.

Cosmetic Powder-Toner — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): Acne, enlarged pores, oily and combination skin, photodamage, uneven skin tone, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, increased skin oiliness, superficial inflammations, initial signs of skin aging.

Standard Dosage (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): Apply the diluted powder as a mask to the face — 3 g of powder per 15 ml of warm water, once a day, keeping for 15 minutes. Rinse with warm water without soap. Course — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): 5 g of powder per 20 ml of chamomile or calendula infusion, apply to the face 2 times a day — morning and evening. Use for exacerbated acne, inflammations, and hyperseborrhea. Course no more than 5 days in a row.

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): 7 g of powder per 20 ml of cooled green tea — as a thick mask, up to 2 times a day, no more than 3 days in a row. Applicable for acute inflammatory elements and increased oiliness. Apply only pointwise to inflamed areas.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): 2 g of powder once every 3 days as a mild mask, for a month. Suitable for the prevention of oily shine, pore narrowing, restoration of skin tone, especially in adolescence and in patients with combination skin.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): From 10 years — 1 g of powder once every 3–4 days, apply as a paste to problem areas of the face. Only externally. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.

Contraindications (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): Dry skin, couperose, individual intolerance. Do not use in the presence of open wounds, deep inflammations, or fresh chemical or mechanical peels. Contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered, but preliminary testing on a local area of skin is recommended.

Side Effects (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): Scientifically registered: dry skin, feeling of tightness, mild redness when the mask is left on too long, irritation when applied to wet inflamed areas.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): Not required, applied locally. Volume adjustment — according to the treatment area.

Preparation method (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): Raw material: dried berries — 100 g. Grind in a porcelain mortar to a fine powder state (finer than 0.25 mm), sift through a silk sieve. Store in a tightly closed container without access to air. To prepare a mask — dilute 3 g of powder in 15 ml of warm water to the consistency of thick sour cream. If necessary, add 1 drop of organic jojoba oil.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetic Powder-Toner): Store in a dry place at a temperature of +10 to +25 °C, in a tightly closed non-metallic container, without access to light and moisture. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening, use within 60 days, avoid contact with wet instruments.

Hair Extract — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Hair Extract): Diffuse hair loss, seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, itching of the scalp, dandruff, dryness and brittleness of hair, impaired microcirculation in the scalp, thinning of hair structure, slow hair growth.

Standard Dosage (Hair Extract): 5 ml of extract applied to the scalp with massaging movements once a day, do not rinse. Course — 21 days. Use in the evening on dry scalp.

Enhanced Dosage (Hair Extract): 7 ml of extract 2 times a day for pronounced hair loss, itching of the scalp, and active seborrhea. If necessary — in combination with rosemary essential oil (1 drop per dose). Course — 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Hair Extract): 10 ml of extract 3 times a day on problem areas with pronounced alopecia or hyperkeratosis. Use no more than 5 days in a row. After — a mandatory break of at least 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Hair Extract): 3 ml of extract once every 2 days, course — 14 days. Recommended for seasonal hair loss, increased dryness of the scalp, initial signs of hair thinning, stress effects, and hormonal changes.

Pediatric Dosage (Hair Extract): From 12 years — 1.5–2 ml of extract once a day for pronounced dryness of the scalp or initial signs of dandruff. Use only externally. Avoid contact with eyes.

Contraindications (Hair Extract): Damage to the scalp (abrasions, cuts), individual intolerance to components, acute pustular processes. There are no registered contraindications for use in pregnant women, but preliminary skin testing is recommended.

Side Effects (Hair Extract): Scientifically registered: redness of the scalp, burning sensation, increased itching in the presence of allergy to flavonoids. Rarely — reversible reactive dandruff with overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Hair Extract): Not required, correction is made according to the area of application and the severity of the problem.

Preparation method (Hair Extract): Raw material: fresh berries — 100 g, purified water — 80 ml, vegetable glycerin — 50 ml, nettle extract (ready-made or homemade) — 20 ml. Crush the berries, mix with water and glycerin, keep in a water bath at +45 °C for 1 hour. After cooling, add nettle extract, mix and strain through gauze. Pour into bottles with a dispenser. Yield — about 120 ml.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Hair Extract): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +4 to +8 °C, in a dark glass bottle. Remove only with a dispenser. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 15 days, avoiding contact with open air for more than 1 minute.

Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes — Fragaria vesca

Indications (Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes): Gingivitis, initial and moderate periodontitis, bleeding gums, bad breath (halitosis), mucosal microdamages, tendency to plaque and calculus formation, increased enamel sensitivity, recovery after dental procedures.

Standard Dosage (Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes): 0.5 g of powder extract per 100 g of toothpaste base. Apply twice a day — morning and evening. Recommended for use as an independent or additional paste for 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes): 1 g per 100 g of paste, use 3 times a day, including after meals, for acute gum inflammations, microtraumas, and ulcerative lesions. Course — up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes): 1.5 g per 100 g of paste. Apply up to 4 times a day, for no more than 5 days for pronounced bleeding, gum edema, and in the acute phase of chronic periodontitis. Requires monitoring of the mucosal condition.

Preventive Dosage (Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes): 0.25 g per 100 g of paste. Use once a day (at night) for 30 days. Recommended for gum sensitivity, chronic forms of gingivitis in remission, patients after 50 years of age, and a tendency to halitosis.

Pediatric Dosage (Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes): From 5 years — 0.1 g per 50 g of children's hypoallergenic paste. Use once a day, under adult supervision. Do not allow swallowing. From 10 years — 0.25 g per 75 g of paste.

Contraindications (Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes): Allergy to plant components, presence of open wounds and purulent foci in the oral cavity, active stage of herpetic stomatitis. There is no data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation; trial use on a limited surface is recommended.

Side Effects (Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes): Scientifically recorded: short-term burning, increased enamel sensitivity, irritation when the dosage is exceeded. In rare cases — staining of the paste or plaque with improper storage.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Additive to Toothpastes and Polishes): Not required, correction is made according to age, enamel sensitivity, and the area of the cleaned surface.

Preparation method (Additive to Toothpaste): Raw material: extract from dried berries (finely ground powder) — 1 g, toothpaste base without synthetic surfactants — 100 g, sage essential oil — 1 drop, purified water — 2 ml. Mix the components thoroughly until a homogeneous mass is obtained, place in a sealed tube. Yield — 100 g of finished product.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Additive to Toothpaste): Store at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C in a closed tube, away from sources of light and heat. Close the tube tightly after each use. Shelf life — 3 months. Do not use if the smell, color, or consistency changes.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Fragaria vesca

Studies of the general toxicity of Fragaria vesca indicate an extremely low level of potential risk with oral use of both berries and leaves of the plant. According to experimental studies, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Fragaria vesca do not possess acute toxicity when administered to laboratory animals.

The LD₅₀ values (lethal dose for 50% of animals) for strawberry extract upon oral administration to mice exceed 15,000 mg/kg body weight, which classifies the plant as practically non-toxic. No signs of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or embryotoxicity have been identified when used in therapeutic doses.

With local use (in cosmetic and external forms), Fragaria vesca has demonstrated high dermatological and ophthalmological safety, including in in vitro and in vivo models. Contact sensitization was recorded only when concentrated forms were administered in doses significantly exceeding standard ones.

Thus, preparations based on wild strawberry are considered biologically safe when used within the recommended dosages, including long courses for chronic pathologies.

Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Pharmacodynamics — Fragaria vesca

Wild strawberry exhibits pronounced multi-level pharmacodynamic action, due to a complex of biologically active compounds, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, organic acids, and tannins. The basis of the effect consists of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, realized both at the systemic and tissue levels. It has been established that the active components of the plant are able to stabilize cell membranes, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and reduce the activity of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α.

At the level of the vascular system, Fragaria vesca components demonstrate capillary-stabilizing activity, modulating endothelial permeability and reducing the severity of edema. On the skin and mucous membranes, an astringent and protective effect is manifested, due to the presence of tannins. In the nervous system, mild sedative and anti-stress properties have been recorded, mediated by a possible effect on GABAergic mechanisms. In addition, there is data on a mild modulating effect on the immune system through polyphenolic compounds that contribute to the regulation of macrophage and neutrophil activity.

The pharmacological effect of Fragaria vesca is realized primarily at the systemic level, with pronounced effects on the skin, blood vessels, digestive tract, and immune components.

References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Pharmacokinetics — Fragaria vesca

The pharmacokinetic properties of the active substances of wild strawberry vary depending on the dosage form used. Upon oral administration (most often in the form of extract, decoction, or powder), biologically active components, mainly flavonoids, anthocyanins, and organic acids, undergo partial absorption in the proximal parts of the small intestine. Some of the flavonoids are metabolized by microbiota enzymes in the large intestine with the formation of phenolic metabolites that possess biological activity.

The distribution of active metabolites occurs mainly in highly perfused tissues — skin, liver, kidneys, and spleen. It has been established that anthocyanins have limited penetrating ability through the blood-brain barrier, but can exert an indirect neurotropic effect through peripheral regulation of vascular tone. The main metabolic pathways include conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulfation in the liver. Excretion is carried out primarily with urine and bile, partially through the skin and lungs in the form of volatile compounds (with prolonged use).

Transdermal and external forms (infusions, creams, gels) have local bioavailability and act primarily at the level of the epidermis and subcutaneous microcirculation, bypassing the phase of systemic absorption. Their effect is limited to tissue targets, with minimal systemic effects.

References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Fragaria vesca

The basis of the action of Fragaria vesca consists of flavonoid and phenolic compounds that modulate a number of key biochemical and cellular cascades. It has been established that the active components of the plant are able to inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX), reducing the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The effect on NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways leads to a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), which determines the systemic anti-inflammatory effect.

The antioxidant effect is realized through direct scavenging of free radicals and mediated activation of enzymatic antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The plant also exerts a modulating effect on macrophage activity, reducing the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Additionally, an effect on dopaminergic and serotonergic receptor systems has been described, which may mediate mild neuromodulatory properties upon action on the central nervous system.

Some components exhibit moderate inhibitory action on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), enhancing cholinergic activity. Activation of PPARγ, associated with the regulation of lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, has also been identified.

References: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...; https://www.sciencedirect.com/...; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Synergy — Fragaria vesca

Pharmacological synergy of Fragaria vesca has been established in combination with other plants rich in polyphenols and flavonoids. Particularly pronounced is the potentiation of antioxidant activity in combination with Vaccinium myrtillus, Camellia sinensis, and Urtica dioica, due to additive scavenging of free radicals and joint activation of endogenous antioxidant systems.

The anti-inflammatory effect is enhanced in combination with Matricaria chamomilla and Calendula officinalis, where synergism in COX-2 inhibition and reduction of cytokine expression is observed. In combination with adaptogens (for example, Panax ginseng), a modulating effect on stress responses mediated through the HPA axis is registered. Combination with alkaloid-containing plants requires caution due to possible enhancement of systemic effects.

References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Fragaria vesca

Wild strawberry has been traditionally used for centuries in the folk medicine of a wide range — from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia, covering Central and Eastern Asia, the Caucasus, the Balkans, Scandinavia, and most of the temperate zone of Eurasia. In the ethnobotanical tradition of the Slavic peoples, the plant is known as the "berry of life" and was widely used as a cleansing, strengthening, and "blood-purifying" agent. In Rus', strawberry leaves and fruits were part of medicinal mixtures used both internally (in the form of decoctions, infusions, juice) and externally — in the form of lotions, washes, and compresses for "skin ailments," as well as for "calming the body" and "maintaining the blood."

In the French and German phytotherapeutic tradition, Fragaria vesca is mentioned in 16th–18th century herbalists as one of the main "food medicines" with a general strengthening effect. In pharmacies in Bavaria and Bohemia, dried berries were sold as a tonic for the "tired and exhausted." Folk healers of Central Europe recommended applying crushed berries to inflamed skin, as well as using fresh juice for mouth rinsing for "swollen gums."

In Finland and Karelia, it was believed that strawberries picked before sunrise on Ivan Kupala Day are able to "purify the soul" and prevent spoilage, and the roots of the plant were sometimes worn as an amulet against bad dreams and illnesses. In Hungarian folklore, the strawberry was a symbol of lightness and maiden purity — wreaths of leaves were woven for initiation and water consecration rituals.

In Tibetan and Chinese phytotherapy, strawberry is less known; however, in the southern provinces of China, the use of fruits and leaves of local forms of Fragaria vesca as a tonic for women and children has been recorded. An aqueous infusion of berries was used to "thin the heat in the blood" and improve digestion. In some regions of Vietnam and Laos, it was used in the form of steam baths and wraps for skin conditions and fatigue.

In the ethnomedical systems of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, especially the Khanty and Mansi, strawberry was considered a "women's herb" and was used for washing girls in adolescence. In ritual practice, the berries were offered as a gift to the guardian spirits of the forest and placed in the dwelling on the eve of a hunt — as a "pacifying" gift to the spirit of the taiga master.

In the culture of the Pyrenees and Tuscany peoples, strawberry leaves were added to ritual fumigations for protection against the evil eye and children's diseases. In Albanian and Serbian tradition, the plant was considered a "talisman against fading" and was included in wedding wreaths as a symbol of fertility and harmony.

Thus, the geography of the use of wild strawberry covers dozens of regional cultures, where this plant occupied not only a medicinal but also a symbolic-ritual place. The forms of use varied from food and aqueous to fumigations and bodily rituals, testifying to the deep integration of the plant into folk medicine and spiritual practices of Europe and Asia.