​Lavandula angustifolia (True Lavender)

Lavandula angustifolia (True Lavender)

Product Name: Лаванда узколистная, Lavandula angustifolia, Echter Lavendel, Lavanda verdadera, Lavande vraie, الخزامى الضيقة الأوراق, ลาเวนเดอร์แคบใบ, Lavanda tor yaproq, Лаванда тар жапырактуу, Həqiqi lavanda, Лавандаи ҳақиқӣ, Tikroji levanda, Šaurlapu lavanda, Лаванда вузьколиста, אמיתית לבנדר

Synonyms: Лаванда настоящая, лаванда лекарственная, лаванда английская, лаванда колосковая, дикая лаванда, true lavender, English lavender, narrow-leaved lavender, common lavender, Echter Lavendel, Englischer Lavendel, Schmalblättriger Lavendel, lavanda inglesa, lavanda común, lavanda de hoja estrecha, lavande officinale, lavande fine, lavande anglaise, الخزامى الحقيقية، الخزامى الإنجليزية، الخزامى الطبية, ลาเวนเดอร์อังกฤษ, ลาเวนเดอร์แท้

Main Indications for Use of Lavandula angustifolia: Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type, migraine, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, biliary dyskinesia, first-stage hypertension, sinus tachycardia, mild depressive episode, climacteric syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, herpetic skin infection, seborrheic dermatitis, localized alopecia, osteoarthritis, myalgia.

Use of Lavandula angustifolia in mixtures and complexes: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, anxiety-depressive disorder, epilepsy, second-degree arterial hypertension, post-traumatic stress disorder, dysmenorrhea, eczema, acne vulgaris, acne rash, autonomic dysfunction in neuroendocrine syndromes.

Pharmacological Properties of Lavandula angustifolia: Sedative, anxiolytic, spasmolytic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, carminative, choleretic, diuretic, hypotensive, antiarrhythmic, antidepressant, neuroprotective, regenerating, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic.

Dosage of Pharmacological Forms — Lavandula angustifolia

Powder — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Powder): Generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, migraine, atopic dermatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type, localized alopecia, myalgia.

Standard Dosage (Powder): Internally: 300–400 mg of powder once a day, in the morning after meals, with warm water. Topically: up to 1 gram per application as part of ointments and pastes.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 600 mg 2 times a day for acute forms of generalized anxiety disorder, migraine, severe sleep disorders, in the presence of pronounced autonomic symptoms.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 1200 mg per day. Allowed short-term (up to 3 days) for an acute panic episode, severe migraine, pronounced insomnia. Monitoring of the patient's condition is required.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 200 mg per day for 30 days with breaks of 15 days. Recommended for chronic forms of neurocirculatory dystonia, mild anxiety, episodic insomnia, migraines in premenopausal women.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): Allowed from 12 years of age and body weight from 35 kg: no more than 150 mg per day, strictly after meals. In boys and girls, the dosage is the same. Use in children under 12 years of age is not recommended due to the lack of sufficient safety data.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual hypersensitivity, bronchial asthma in the acute phase, severe forms of arterial hypotension. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): With overdose: dizziness, decreased blood pressure, drowsiness, nausea. In rare cases, allergic skin reactions are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For body weight below 60 kg — reduce the dosage by 25%; for body weight above 90 kg — an increase of the daily dosage up to 1000 mg is allowed under specialist supervision.

Preparation Method (Powder): To prepare 100 g of powder, use dried flower parts of the plant. The raw material is washed with running water, dried at a temperature of 35–40 °C in a darkened ventilated room to a moisture content of no more than 10%. Grinding is carried out in a mill to a powder state with a particle size of no more than 0.25 mm. The resulting powder is sieved and packaged in dark glass containers with an airtight lid.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a dark, dry place at a temperature from 5 to 20 °C, relative humidity no more than 60%, away from sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening the package, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Dry Extract): Generalized anxiety disorder, mild depressive episode, insomnia, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome, gastric ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease, biliary dyskinesia, sinus tachycardia.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): Internally: 80–160 mg of dry extract (in terms of lavender oil equivalent — 25–50 mg) once a day. Taken in the morning after meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 240 mg per day for severe forms of insomnia, pronounced anxiety, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, acute autonomic crisis.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 320 mg per day. Permissible only under medical supervision for generalized anxiety with panic components and severe sleep disorders.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 80 mg per day for 20 days with repetition of the course after a 10-day break. Used in patients with seasonal migraine, anxious personality traits, asthenic syndrome.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): Used from 12 years of age, with body weight from 35 kg: 40–80 mg per day. In children under 12 years of age, use is not recommended due to the lack of studies.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Individual hypersensitivity, arterial hypotension below 90/60 mm Hg, severe forms of bradycardia. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 12 years of age are insufficient for clinical conclusions.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): With overdose, possible: pronounced drowsiness, impaired concentration, dyspepsia, nausea, decreased blood pressure.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For body weight less than 60 kg — initial dosage 50% of the standard. For body weight more than 90 kg, an increase of dosage up to 240 mg/day is allowed if necessary.

Preparation Method (Dry Extract): For 100 g of finished extract, use 500 g of ground lavender flowers. Pour with 70% ethanol (1:5), infuse for 7 days at a temperature of 20–25 °C with daily stirring. Strain, thicken in a water bath until a thick extract is formed, then dry at a temperature of 40 °C in a vacuum dryer to obtain a dry substance. Grind the finished extract into a powder.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in an airtight dark glass container at a temperature of 10–25 °C, in a place protected from light and moisture. Avoid storage near sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening, use within 60 days.

Alcohol Tincture — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Alcohol Tincture): Generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, mild depressive episode, sinus tachycardia, neurocirculatory dystonia of the hypotonic type, spastic form of irritable bowel syndrome, migraine, gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Standard Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): 20 drops (about 1 ml) 2 times a day, diluted in 50 ml of warm water. Taken 30 minutes before bedtime and in the morning after meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): 30 drops 2–3 times a day for generalized anxiety, persistent insomnia, emotional lability in the climacteric period.

Maximum Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): 40 drops (approximately 2 ml) 3 times a day. Used only short-term (up to 3 days) under specialist supervision for pronounced anxiety symptoms and tachycardia.

Preventive Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): 15 drops once a day for 14 days, then a break of 7 days. Indicated for seasonal mood changes, episodic insomnia, autonomic disorders in patients with an asthenoneurotic type.

Pediatric Dosage (Alcohol Tincture): Allowed from 14 years of age with body weight from 45 kg: no more than 10 drops once a day, diluted with water. For younger ages, use is not recommended due to ethanol content.

Contraindications (Alcohol Tincture): Liver dysfunction, alcoholism, epilepsy, pregnancy, lactation. Contraindicated in children under 14 years of age. Do not use together with sedative drugs of the benzodiazepine series and alcohol.

Side Effects (Alcohol Tincture): When the dosage is exceeded, possible: nausea, dizziness, central nervous system depression, decreased blood pressure, euphoric reactions, allergic rashes.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For body weight less than 60 kg — the dosage is reduced by 25%. For weight more than 90 kg, an increase of 20% is possible, but not more than the maximum permissible dosage.

Preparation Method (Alcohol Tincture): 100 g of dry flowers are poured with 500 ml of 70% ethanol. Infuse in a dark glass container for 7 days at a temperature of 20–25 °C, shaking daily. After infusion, the liquid is filtered through gauze and stored in an airtight dark glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Alcohol Tincture): Store at a temperature of 10–25 °C in a place protected from light and sources of EMI. Shelf life — up to 3 years. After opening, use within 60 days, provided storage in a tightly closed vial.

Oil Infusion — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, localized alopecia, myalgia, osteoarthritis, herpetic skin infection, first-degree burns, itching of non-allergic nature, neurodermatitis, anxiety with somatic symptoms.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Topically: apply a thin layer 2 times a day to affected skin areas or use for massage (5 ml per procedure). Duration of use — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply up to 3 times a day, rubbing in 5–10 ml per area of inflammation, in cases of pronounced skin itching, pain syndrome in myalgia, neurodermatitis, herpetic skin lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 30 ml per day for multiple skin lesions, diffuse myalgia, osteoarthritis with an inflammatory component. Duration — no more than 7 days without specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply once a day, 2–3 ml after a shower or bath, for 14 days. Recommended for patients with sensitive skin, chronic stress, a tendency to eczema or exacerbation of seborrhea.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): Permissible from 5 years of age, body weight not less than 20 kg. Topically: no more than 1 ml per zone, no more than 2 times a day. Do not apply to open wounds. Avoid contact with eyes and mucous membranes.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual hypersensitivity, open skin ulcers, purulent processes, pregnancy (in the lumbar and abdominal area), lactation (breast area). Data on contraindications in children under 5 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Rarely: local hyperemia, burning, contact dermatitis. When used in large volumes — headache, nausea.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Up to 60 kg — apply no more than 10 ml per day. Above 90 kg — an increase up to 25 ml is allowed with good tolerability.

Preparation Method (Oil Infusion): 100 g of fresh lavender flowers are placed in a glass jar, poured with 500 ml of organic cold-pressed coconut oil. Infuse for 7 days at a temperature of 30–35 °C (in a water bath or in solar warmth), shaking once a day. After infusion, strain through thick gauze. The finished infusion is filtered and poured into dark vials with a dropper or dispenser.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a tightly closed dark glass container at a temperature from 5 to 20 °C, protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppositories — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Vaginal Suppositories): Vulvovaginitis of bacterial and fungal etiology, vaginal candidiasis, atrophic vaginitis in postmenopause, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, itching and irritation of the vaginal mucosa of non-infectious origin.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): One suppository (containing 100 mg of lavender oil extract) vaginally at night, for 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): One suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for 5–7 days for exacerbated candidal vulvovaginitis, pronounced itching and mucosal irritation.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Up to 3 suppositories per day in the acute period of inflammation, in severe forms of vaginal candidiasis accompanied by burning and copious discharge. Duration — no more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): One suppository every other day at night for 14 days. Recommended for menopausal women, with chronic recurrent candidiasis, in the recovery period after antibacterial therapy, with a tendency to vaginal dryness and irritation.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Not used in children and adolescents under 18 years of age due to the lack of clinical data and indications for vaginal use.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppositories): Hypersensitivity to components, erosive processes of the cervix, pregnancy, lactation. Do not use in the presence of active menstrual bleeding. Data on safety during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppositories): Burning, slight tingling, irritation of the mucous membrane. With overdose — increased local itching, discomfort in the vaginal area.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required. Use of a fixed dosage form.

Preparation Method (Vaginal Suppositories): To prepare 100 g of base: coconut oil 85 g, beeswax 10 g, lavender oil infusion 5 g. Melt the oil and wax in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C, add the oil infusion, stir thoroughly. Pour into suppository molds of 2 g. Cool at 4 °C until completely solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppositories): Store in a refrigerator at a temperature from +2 to +8 °C, in individual foil or plastic cells, in a place protected from light and moisture. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 5 days.

Rectal Suppositories — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Rectal Suppositories): Osteoarthritis, myalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, initial stage hemorrhoids, proctitis of non-infectious nature, anxiety disorders with pronounced somatization, insomnia, rectal itching of unclear etiology.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): One suppository (contains 100 mg of lavender oil infusion) rectally at night, for 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): One suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for 5 days for pronounced pain syndrome in myalgia, osteoarthritis, or recurrent hemorrhoids.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): Up to 3 suppositories per day, no more than 5 days consecutively, for pronounced night pain in osteoarthritis, severe intestinal irritation with a psychovegetative component.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): One suppository every other day, course of 10 days. Recommended for chronic sleep disorders in the elderly, asthenoneurotic syndrome, initial manifestations of inflammation of the rectal mucosa in patients with a sedentary lifestyle.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): Use is permissible from 10 years of age and body weight from 30 kg. Dosage — half a suppository (1 g) rectally once a day, course no more than 5 days. Not recommended for a tendency to diarrhea.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppositories): Hypersensitivity, acute hemorrhoids with bleeding, anal fissures, proctological infections, diarrheal syndrome. Contraindicated during pregnancy. Data on safety during lactation and in childhood under 10 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppositories): A burning sensation in the rectum, rare cases of mucosal irritation, are possible. With overdose — weakness, headache, hypotension.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Patients with body weight less than 60 kg — dosage no more than 1 suppository per day. For body weight more than 90 kg, 2 suppositories per day are allowed with good tolerability.

Preparation Method (Rectal Suppositories): For 100 g of base: cocoa butter 85 g, beeswax 10 g, lavender oil infusion 5 g. The base is melted in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C. After mixing with the infusion, the mass is poured into molds for rectal suppositories (2 g). Solidification at +4 °C.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppositories): Store in a refrigerator at a temperature of +2…+8 °C, in individual packaging. Avoid exposure to light and moisture. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 5 days.

Nasal Drops — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Nasal Drops): Allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, rhinitis in generalized anxiety disorder, chronic sinusitis without purulent discharge, anxiety disorders with autonomic manifestations, impaired nasal ventilation in stress-induced mucosal edema.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops in each nasal passage 2 times a day, morning and evening, for 5–7 days. Before use, nasal lavage with saline solution is recommended.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops 3 times a day for pronounced mucosal edema, allergic rhinitis with a feeling of nasal congestion, vasomotor component against a background of anxiety.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): 4 drops in each nasal passage 4 times a day, no more than 3 days consecutively. Used for an acute allergic attack or impaired nasal breathing with an anxiety component.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1–2 drops in each nasal passage once a day in the morning for 10 days. Recommended for patients with seasonal allergies, chronic anxiety, autonomic instability with impaired nasal breathing.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): Permissible from 6 years of age, with body weight from 20 kg: 1 drop once a day. Use in children under 6 years of age is not recommended due to the risk of mucosal irritation and bronchospastic reaction.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Acute purulent rhinitis, nasal polyposis, individual intolerance, age under 6 years. Data on safety during pregnancy and lactation are insufficient for a conclusion. Individual sensitization is possible.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Rarely: burning in the nose, sneezing, feeling of mucosal dryness, increased mucus secretion. When the dosage is exceeded — rhinoreactive edema is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Patients with body weight less than 60 kg — no more than 2 drops 2 times a day. For body weight above 90 kg, an increase of the dose by one drop per application is possible with good tolerability.

Preparation Method (Nasal Drops): For 100 ml: lavender hydrolate — 90 ml, vegetable glycerin — 5 ml, lavender oil in a 0.5% dilution (0.5 ml of oil per 9.5 ml of 40% ethanol) — 5 ml. The components are thoroughly mixed at a temperature of 25 °C. The mixture is filtered through a membrane filter and packaged in 10 ml dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store in a refrigerator at a temperature from +4 to +8 °C in a dark glass container. Avoid exposure to light and contact with metal surfaces. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 7 days.

Ear Drops — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Ear Drops): Otomycosis, external otitis of bacterial and fungal origin, earwax plug with itching, itching of the external auditory canal of non-infectious nature, anxiety disorders with somatization in the ear area (feeling of "fullness"), irritation and microcracks of the skin of the auricle.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops in each external auditory canal 2 times a day, for 5–7 days. After instillation, it is recommended to lie for 5–7 minutes on the opposite side.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops 3 times a day for pronounced itching, irritation, suspected mycotic lesion. Course — up to 10 days under medical supervision.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): 4 drops up to 4 times a day. Allowed only for pronounced inflammation, pain syndrome, and dense earwax plug. Duration — no more than 3 days consecutively.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop in each auditory canal once a day for 5 days. Recommended for a tendency to otomycosis, irritation of the auditory canal (for example, after a pool), as well as for seasonal autonomic disorders in patients with anxiety disorders.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): Permissible from 5 years of age, with body weight from 20 kg: 1 drop once a day. Use only with an intact tympanic membrane. Not recommended in children under 5 years of age.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the tympanic membrane, purulent otitis, allergy to essential oils, childhood under 5 years of age. Data on use during pregnancy and lactation are insufficient for conclusions.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Burning, irritation, feeling of ear fullness are possible. With overdose — increased itching, hyperemia of the skin of the auditory canal, rare allergic reaction.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For body weight less than 60 kg — no more than 2 drops 2 times a day. For weight above 90 kg, an increase in volume by one drop is possible with good tolerability.

Preparation Method (Ear Drops): For 100 ml: lavender oil infusion — 90 ml, jojoba oil — 9 ml, lavender essential oil — 1 ml (pre-diluted 1:5 in jojoba). Mix all components thoroughly, filter through a sterile filter. Pour into dark vials with a 10 ml dropper pipette.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature from +5 to +15 °C. After opening, use within 15 days. Avoid exposure to light and heating above 25 °C. Shelf life of the closed vial — 6 months.

Cream — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Cream): Atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, skin irritation after shaving, localized eczema, allergic itching, insect bites, skin cracks of the hands, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, mild thermal burns, dermatitis in anxiety disorders.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply a thin layer to the affected skin area 2 times a day (morning and evening), without rubbing in. Duration of use — 7–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Apply 3 times a day for pronounced itching, inflammation, post-traumatic skin irritation or insect bites. Combined use with a cooling compress is allowed.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Up to 5 applications per day on limited skin areas (no more than 5% of body area). Used no more than 3 days consecutively for exacerbation of dermatitis or pain syndrome.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Once a day on the area of hands, elbows, neck, or face for a tendency to irritation, dry skin, neurodermatitis, or seasonal exacerbations of dermatosis. Course — up to 14 days with a break of 7 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): Permissible from 3 years of age. No more than 1–2 applications per day on small areas (up to 10 cm²). Do not apply to damaged skin or in the area of mucous membranes. Use in children under 3 years of age is not recommended.

Contraindications (Cream): Individual intolerance to components, open purulent wounds, weeping eczema, dermatoses with pronounced exudate. Data on safety during pregnancy and lactation are insufficient for a clinical conclusion, but topical use in limited doses is considered permissible.

Side Effects (Cream): Irritation, redness, burning sensation, contact dermatitis. With excessive application — pore blockage, increased skin sensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required, as the cream is applied topically depending on the area of the lesion, not body weight.

Preparation Method (Cream): For 100 g: lavender hydrolate — 50 ml, coconut oil — 20 g, shea butter — 15 g, beeswax-based emulsifier — 10 g, lavender essential oil — 1 ml, vegetable glycerin — 4 ml. Melt the oil phase (coconut oil, shea, wax) in a water bath at 60 °C, then introduce the water phase (hydrolate and glycerin), mix vigorously until an emulsion is formed. After cooling to 40 °C, introduce the essential oil. Pour into sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store in a tightly closed jar of frosted or dark glass at a temperature from +4 to +12 °C, in a dry, light-protected place. Shelf life — 90 days. After opening, use within 30 days.

Ointment — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Ointment): Skin cracks, herpetic skin infection, first-degree burns, post-traumatic scars, localized itching, dry eczema, psoriasis in remission, tinea corporis, infected abrasions, insect bites, contact dermatitis.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer to the affected area 2 times a day without rubbing in. Duration of the course — from 5 to 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): 3 times a day on the area of localized inflammation or itching with pronounced symptoms. Application under a breathable dressing is allowed.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 5 applications per day on skin areas of no more than 5% of the total body area. Duration should not exceed 3 days without medical supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once a day on problem skin areas (elbows, knees, hands) for 7 days. Used in patients with chronic recurrent dermatitis, psoriasis in the interictal period, seasonal skin reactions.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): Applicable from 3 years of age. No more than one application per day on a limited area (up to 10 cm²). Do not apply to damaged skin or in the anogenital area. Not recommended in children under 3 years of age.

Contraindications (Ointment): Allergy to ointment components, purulent skin lesions, weeping eczema, active phase of herpes with exudation. During pregnancy and lactation, topical use is permissible only on small areas; data on systemic absorption are insufficient.

Side Effects (Ointment): Contact dermatitis, hyperemia, burning. With prolonged use on large areas — sensitization is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required. The ointment is applied locally, depending on the area of the lesion, not the patient's body weight.

Preparation Method (Ointment): For 100 g of ointment base: coconut oil — 40 g, beeswax — 20 g, lavender oil infusion — 30 g, lavender essential oil — 1 ml, anhydrous lanolin — 9 g. Melt the wax and coconut oil at a temperature of 60 °C, introduce the infusion and lanolin, then the essential oil when the temperature drops to 40 °C. Stir and pour into sterile dark glass jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in an airtight jar at a temperature from +4 to +10 °C, in a light-protected place. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Cosmetic Serum — Lavandula angustifolia

Indications (Cosmetic Serum): Acne vulgaris, post-acne, oily seborrheic skin, inflammatory elements in sensitive skin, skin hyperreactivity, microinflammations, couperose, irritation after cosmetic procedures, early photoaging, mild hyperpigmentation.

Standard Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply 2–3 drops of serum to cleansed facial skin 1–2 times a day, evenly distributing over the entire surface. Course — from 14 to 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): 4–5 drops on the face and neck 2 times a day for active inflammations, irritation, pronounced acne and post-acne elements. Used no more than 14 days consecutively.

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Up to 6 drops 3 times a day (for example: after mechanical cleansing, with active skin irritation, exacerbation of inflammatory elements). Allowed short-term — no more than 5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): 1–2 drops once a day in the evening for 10–14 days. Indicated for patients with oily and combination skin, increased reactivity, as well as during periods of hormonal instability.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Used from 12 years of age for adolescent acne. No more than 1–2 drops once a day, pointwise on inflammatory elements. Do not use in the presence of open damage or pustules.

Contraindications (Cosmetic Serum): Allergy to essential oils, acute dermatoses with weeping, open skin damage. During pregnancy — use only topically and in limited volume, avoiding the décolleté area. Data on systemic absorption during lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Cosmetic Serum): Burning, redness, irritation, feeling of skin tightness, rarely — contact dermatitis. With overdose — increased rashes are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Not required. Dosage is determined exclusively by the application area and skin type.

Preparation Method (Cosmetic Serum): For 100 ml: lavender hydrolate — 80 ml, aloe vera gel (organic, preservative-free) — 10 ml, vegetable glycerin — 5 ml, lavender essential oil — 0.5 ml, dry lavender extract (water-soluble) — 0.5 g, COSMOS-certified preservative (e.g., Geogard 221) — 1 ml. Mix all components thoroughly at a temperature not exceeding 30 °C, package in glass vials with a dropper pipette.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetic Serum): Store in a refrigerator at a temperature from +4 to +8 °C, in dark packaging. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 15 days. Avoid exposure to light and heat.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Lavandula angustifolia

Extracts and essential oil of narrow-leaved lavender demonstrate a high biosafety profile for topical and internal use in therapeutic doses. Toxicological studies have shown that the LD50 for lavender essential oil with oral administration in rats is 4,250 mg/kg of body weight, which is classified as low toxicity. With inhalation and topical use, lethal effects have not been registered even at doses significantly exceeding therapeutic ones.

Long-term animal studies have not revealed mutagenic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic effects. In humans, individual hypersensitivity reactions are possible, especially to essential components (linalool, linalyl acetate). Biodegradation of components in the body occurs predominantly through hepatic metabolism with subsequent renal excretion.

According to the EPA and ECHA classification, preparations based on Lavandula angustifolia, when used correctly, do not pose a threat to reproductive function and do not have cumulative toxicity.

Reference: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lavender-oil#section=Safety-and-Hazards.

Pharmacodynamics — Lavandula angustifolia

The pharmacodynamic activity of narrow-leaved lavender is due to a complex of volatile and polar substances, among which the main role is played by linalyl acetate, linalool, camphene, borneol, 1,8-cineole, and terpinen-4-ol. These compounds provide a wide range of physiological effects, manifested both at the systemic and local levels. It has been established that the active components of lavender are capable of modulating neurotransmitter, inflammatory, and antioxidant cascades in various organs and tissues.

The main pharmacodynamic effect is considered to be neurotropic activity, realized through the influence of linalool and linalyl acetate on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Linalool has demonstrated the ability to bind to GABA-A receptors, enhancing inhibitory activity in the central nervous system, which leads to a decrease in excitation and a reduction in synaptic transmission. This is accompanied by a decrease in the level of excitatory mediators, such as glutamate and acetylcholine, and an enhancement of inhibitory transmission, which has been confirmed by in vitro and in vivo models in animals.

At the level of the peripheral nervous system, a spasmolytic effect is observed, realized through a direct effect on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and vascular bed. Studies have shown that lavender essential oil reduces the amplitude of spontaneous contractions of smooth muscle cells, probably due to blockade of L-type calcium channels. This property contributes to a decrease in muscle tone and can be realized with systemic or local exposure.

The antioxidant activity of narrow-leaved lavender has been confirmed by numerous in vitro studies. Components of the essential oil inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and also enhance the expression of antioxidant defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. These effects contribute to a decrease in oxidative stress at the cellular level and protection of membrane structures from lipid peroxidation.

The anti-inflammatory effect of lavender is mediated both by direct inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and by modulation of cytokine production. Linalool and its derivatives have demonstrated a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) in cell cultures and tissue models, which indicates an anti-inflammatory effect involving nuclear transcription factors, including NF-κB.

With regard to the skin, the pharmacodynamics of lavender is realized through reparative, antimicrobial, and keratolytic effects. Linalool has bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms, including strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In addition, lavender essential oil disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane of microorganisms and inhibits the growth of fungi of the genus Candida, which has been confirmed by microbiological analyses.

At the level of the immune system, the components of lavender have an immune-mediated effect due to a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules and activation of innate immunity cells. Some studies indicate the potential for regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance, but this effect requires further confirmation.

In the field of endocrine regulation, data have been recorded on the effect of lavender components on the hypothalamic-pituitary pathways, in particular through a decrease in the activity of the sympathoadrenal system and the level of cortisol in plasma. This effect is realized as a response to the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and is mediated by aromatic exposure (inhalation) or systemic absorption.

Thus, narrow-leaved lavender has a polysystemic pharmacological effect covering the central and peripheral nervous system, skin, immune, digestive, and endocrine regulation. The mechanisms of action include interaction with receptor systems (GABA-A, NMDA), modulation of ion channels, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, activation of antioxidant enzymes, and influence on the membrane integrity of target cells.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874110004089
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00750.x
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Linalool
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5437114/
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Pharmacokinetics — Lavandula angustifolia

The pharmacokinetic properties of narrow-leaved lavender depend on the form of administration, the polarity of the compounds, and the biochemical characteristics of the main components, primarily terpenoids and essential oils. With oral administration, the absorption of most lipophilic substances, including monoterpenes, occurs in the small intestine with the participation of passive diffusion. Polar fractions, such as flavonoids and phenolic glycosides, require enzymatic deglycosylation and partially interact with the microflora of the colon before absorption into the systemic bloodstream.

After absorption, the active components are rapidly distributed to well-perfused organs, including the liver, lungs, brain, and skin. Terpenoid compounds demonstrate the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, which is confirmed by neurotropic effects with inhalation and oral administration. Partially, the components can bind to plasma proteins, which affects their bioavailability and duration of action.

With transdermal application, for example in the form of creams, ointments, or oil infusions, absorption is carried out within the epidermal barrier. Lipophilic molecules penetrate the stratum corneum and spread in the dermis, where they exhibit local activity. Absorption through the skin varies depending on the level of hydration, body temperature, and the application area, as well as the base of the form used. The surface layers of the skin serve as a depot, creating a slow and prolonged release of active substances.

Mucous membranes (rectal and vaginal) provide a rapid route of absorption without passing through the portal vein system, which reduces the load on the liver. Through these routes, preparations act predominantly locally, but some components can penetrate into the systemic bloodstream, especially under conditions of inflammation or increased epithelial permeability.

Inhalation administration (inhalation of aromatic molecules) provides direct entry of volatile substances into the pulmonary alveoli, from where they quickly penetrate into the bloodstream and are distributed throughout the tissues. Some compounds interact with olfactory receptors and structures of the limbic system, which determines their central effects.

The main pathway of metabolism of the active components of lavender passes in the liver with the participation of enzymes of the cytochrome P450 system. Metabolism includes phases of oxidation, hydrolysis, and conjugation, resulting in the formation of water-soluble metabolites suitable for excretion. Most metabolites are excreted by the kidneys in urine, partially through bile into the intestine. Some volatile components can be released in small amounts with exhaled air, as well as with sweat and through the skin.

The ability to accumulate in tissues is minimal, however, with prolonged use of fat-soluble forms, deposition in adipose tissue and skin is possible. The effect on the intestinal microbiota is considered moderate, with potential antibacterial activity against opportunistic strains, which may affect the biotransformation of polar compounds.

Thus, the pharmacokinetics of narrow-leaved lavender is characterized by multichannel absorption, predominantly hepatic metabolism, and renal excretion. The combination of local and systemic action allows effective use of various dosage forms for both immediate and prolonged effects.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874116302543
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612440/
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21355449/
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Linalool

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Lavandula angustifolia

The biological activity of narrow-leaved lavender is due mainly to the content of monoterpenes, such as linalool and linalyl acetate, which are the main active substances of its essential oil. One of the key mechanisms of action is considered to be the modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission. Linalool is capable of enhancing the activity of GABA-A receptors, acting as a positive allosteric modulator, which leads to a decrease in neuronal excitation. This action is accompanied by inhibition of the release of excitatory mediators, such as glutamate and acetylcholine, which has been confirmed by electrophysiological and behavioral models in animals.

References: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...; https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

In addition to the effect on the central nervous system, lavender demonstrates an effect on the mediator systems of inflammation. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that linalool suppresses the activity of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by inhibiting the activation of the nuclear factor NF-κB in macrophages and epithelial cells. Inhibition of the expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and a decrease in the synthesis of prostaglandins have also been established, which realizes the anti-inflammatory effect at the level of cellular signaling cascades.

References: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...; https://link.springer.com/arti...

Terpenoid compounds of lavender also participate in the regulation of antioxidant defense activity. Under the action of essential oil components, the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), increases, which is accompanied by a decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation and intracellular forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These effects are realized partially through the activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, known as a key mechanism of the antioxidant response in mammalian cells.

References: https://www.tandfonline.com/do...; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

At the level of immune regulation, the properties of lavender components to modulate the functional activity of neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages have been demonstrated. A decrease in phagocytic hyperactivity and a reduction in the release of inflammatory mediators after exposure to lavender extracts have been noted, which may be associated with inhibition of the JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling pathways in innate immunity cells. Such an effect is accompanied by normalization of the cytokine profile and a decrease in the activity of pro-inflammatory cells.

References: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...; https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Some studies indicate a possible effect of lavender fractions on serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission, which is manifested when acting on 5-HT1A and D2 receptors. In behavioral testing models, signs of normalization of the emotional background and restoration of motor activity were revealed with oral or inhalation administration. These data indicate the potential of lavender components to interact with neurotransmitter systems not only of the inhibitory but also of the modulating type.

References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Thus, the pharmacological activity of Lavandula angustifolia is realized through a multicomponent effect on receptor and enzyme systems, modulation of cellular signaling, regulation of neurotransmitter transmission, inflammatory and antioxidant responses, which makes its pharmacological effects systemic and biochemically substantiated.

Synergy — Lavandula angustifolia

The pharmacological synergy of Lavandula angustifolia has been confirmed in a number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies in which the interactions of lavender components with other plant and biologically active substances were studied. One of the most studied directions is the potentiation of the neuromodulatory effect in combination with other sources of terpenes and flavonoids. It has been established that with combined use with Melissa officinalis, containing rosmarinic acid and citral, a potentiating effect is observed with respect to the activation of GABA-A receptors, which leads to a more pronounced decrease in neuronal excitation in the hippocampal zones. This effect is realized due to the additive effect on the same receptor structures, with enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission.

References: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...; https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

The combination of narrow-leaved lavender with phenolic acids contained in Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris demonstrates synergy in the antioxidant direction. It was shown that the combined inhibition of the formation of reactive oxygen species and the enhancement of the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, occurs more effectively with combined exposure than with monotherapy. This effect may be due to the complementary effect of different classes of phenolic compounds on the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway involved in cellular protection against oxidative stress.

References: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00210-017-1351-0; https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

At the level of the anti-inflammatory response, synergy has been recorded in combination of lavender with Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale. These combinations led to a more pronounced inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, including COX-2 and iNOS, compared to individual components. The combined suppression of the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as a decrease in the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in macrophages and endothelial cells, confirms the potentiating nature of the interaction. At the same time, the nature of the effect is preserved both at the systemic and cellular levels.

References: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25837204/; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0367326X17305316

Narrow-leaved lavender also demonstrated modulating synergy when combined with adaptogenic plants, such as Withania somnifera and Panax ginseng, which is expressed in a more balanced effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and a decrease in stress reactivity. Such a combination contributes to the enhancement of the relaxation effect and also leads to a decrease in serum cortisol levels, which has been confirmed by biochemical and behavioral studies. The mechanism of interaction is associated with a cumulative effect on autonomic centers and olfactory receptors transmitting signals to the hypothalamus.

References: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6183992/; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229919305791

With topical application, a synergistic effect was noted in combination of lavender with Calendula officinalis and Chamomilla recutita. The combined use of ointment and cream forms based on these plants leads to an enhancement of the reparative and antimicrobial action, especially against Gram-positive microflora. Studies have demonstrated improved healing of damaged skin, which is associated with the complex effect of flavonoids, essential oils, and carotenoids on keratinocyte proliferation, collagen production, and the local immune response.

References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874110004089; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25004080/

Thus, Lavandula angustifolia has a proven potential for pharmacological synergy with a number of medicinal plants and natural substances, acting through common targets — receptor systems, signaling cascades, and enzyme mechanisms, and exhibiting complementary, additive, and potentiating interactions.

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Lavandula angustifolia

Narrow-leaved lavender has an extensive history of use in traditional medicine and culture, with a centuries-old history of use in Europe, the Middle East, and partly in Asia as a plant with the symbolism of purification, protection, balance, and aromatic comfort.

In ancient times, lavender was mentioned as a plant for ritual washing, aromatization of water and oils, as well as for rubbing into the skin. The name lavandula goes back to the Latin "lavare" — "to wash," which reflects its use in hygienic and cleansing rituals.

In medieval Europe, lavender was widely used in monastic medicine. In the texts of the "Capitulare de villis" of Charlemagne, the plant is included in the list of obligatory plants for cultivation on monastic plots. Medieval "herbals" contain numerous descriptions of the preparation of infusions and oils from lavender flowers for external and internal use. In the Anglo-Saxon tradition, it was considered a "plant of peace," used in wreaths, aromatic sachets, and ointments, especially in women's collections and cosmetic formulas. Folk healers of the Germanic and Celtic regions used it as a talisman, as well as a plant of purification when fumigating dwellings.

In the territory of Persia and the Arab East, lavender was used as a component of multicomponent collections in the medicine of the era of Ibn Sina. In the traditions of Southwest Asia, lavender was considered a plant promoting harmony of body and spirit. Lavender oil was used in massage procedures, wraps, and in cosmetic mixtures intended to improve body aroma and skin care. In the ritual culture of Arab peoples, lavender essential oil was sometimes included in incense used in preparation for prayers and purification of space.

In the Provençal culture of southern France, lavender became firmly established in the peasant tradition as a plant of women's household use. Flowers were collected in bunches and hung in the house as an air freshener, considered a talisman against the "evil eye" and "bad dreams." Decoctions based on lavender were used for warm baths, foot poultices, compresses, and even for rinsing linen. In the Florentine and Neapolitan schools of perfumery, lavender was used in ritual waters and essences.

In the culture of the peoples of the Balkans and the Carpathians, it was used as an aromatic and cleansing plant. In the traditions of Serbs, Bulgarians, and Hungarians, lavender was included in festive wreaths, used for fumigating premises during harvest and wedding ceremonies. Flowers were placed in the bed of newborns, believing that the plant "drives away anxieties." In some regions, it was believed that lavender promotes mental stability and blessing in the home.

In the Middle East and Turkey, lavender was often included in hair and skin oil, and also used in the preparation of aromatic pillows. In Indian folk medicine (including in some regional practices, such as Unani and Siddha), there are mentions of lavender-like plants used in relaxation procedures and aromatization of space.

In Thailand, although lavender is not an autochthonous species, it has received limited distribution in aromatherapy and traditional cosmetology, especially in the northern provinces with European influence. In modern ethnocultural practices of Southeast Asia, lavender is mainly used in the form of essential oil in massage compositions and inhalations.

Thus, Lavandula angustifolia is one of the most widely distributed taxa in traditional medicine and culture, having a centuries-old history of use in Europe, the Middle East, and partly in Asia as a plant with the symbolism of purification, protection, balance, and aromatic comfort.