Cinnamomum Verum (True Cinnamon / Ceylon Cinnamon)

Cinnamomum Verum (True Cinnamon / Ceylon Cinnamon)

Product Name: Корица настоящая, Cinnamomum verum, Echter Zimt, Canela verdadera, Cannelle vraie, قرفة حقيقية, อบเชยแท้, Haqiqiy dolchin, Чын корица, Həqiqi darçın, Дорчин аслӣ, Tikras cinamonas, Īsts kanēlis, Кориця справжня, Əsl darçın, קינמון אמיתי

Synonyms: Кейлонская корица, цейлонская корица, настоящая корица, истинная корица / True cinnamon, Ceylon cinnamon, real cinnamon, Sri Lankan cinnamon / Echter Zimt, Ceylon-Zimt / Canela de Ceylan, Canela verdadera / Cannelle de Ceylan, Cannelle vraie / القرفة السيلانية, القرفة الحقيقية / อบเชยลังกา, อบเชยแท้

Parts Used: leaves, branches, shoots, bark.

Main Indications for Use of Cinnamomum verum: Arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, intestinal dysbiosis, mucosal candidiasis, gingivitis, ulcerative colitis, chronic gastritis with reduced acidity, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, chronic pancreatitis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, viral hepatitis, viral bronchitis, atopic bronchial asthma, cough with viscous sputum, cystitis, pyelonephritis, bacterial prostatitis, algodismenorrhea, menstrual cycle disorder of hypoestrogenic type, hypogalactia, hypotension, immunodeficiency states of secondary nature, herpetic infection, acne, dermatophytosis, pediculosis.

Use of Cinnamomum verum in Mixtures and Complexes: Atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, dyscirculatory encephalopathy, anxiety disorder, post-stroke dementia, chronic cholecystitis, enteritis, dysentery, helminthic invasions, giardiasis, hepatocholecystitis, depressive disorder, menopausal syndrome, osteoporosis, arthritis of autoimmune origin, periodontitis, pyorrhea, hypertrophic gastritis, neurodermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, post-COVID syndrome, premenstrual syndrome.

Pharmacological Properties of Cinnamomum verum: hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, fungistatic, carminative, astringent, spasmolytic, immunostimulating, antiseptic, adaptogenic, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, secretolytic, diuretic, moderately antipyretic, analgesic, sedative, antiparasitic, including anthelmintic, mucolytic, antiviral, anticarcinogenic, antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antipruritic, tonic, expectorant, reparative, lactation-stimulating, blood circulation-enhancing, antihypoxic, aromatherapeutic, insecticidal, repellent.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Cinnamomum verum

Powder — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Powder): Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, intestinal dysbiosis, mucosal candidiasis, chronic gastritis with reduced acidity, irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, chronic pancreatitis, osteoarthritis, algodismenorrhea.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1 g of powder orally twice daily, 15 minutes before meals, washed down with warm water. Course — 4 weeks.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1.5 g of powder twice daily for pronounced insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, viral hepatitis, and mucosal candidiasis. Course — up to 6 weeks under monitoring of liver condition.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): Maximum permissible single dose — 2 g, daily — 4 g. Used under conditions of severe hyperglycemia and persistent intestinal dysbiosis.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5 g once daily in the morning, on an empty stomach. Recommended for patients with metabolic syndrome, hypothyroidism, prediabetes, and chronic fatigue. Preventive course — 3 months with a 1-month break.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): Use is permissible in children over 6 years of age with a body weight from 20 kg. 0.2–0.3 g once daily, course no more than 14 days.

Contraindications (Powder): Gastric ulcer, gastritis with increased acidity, individual intolerance, hemophilia. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood under 6 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): Irritation of the gastric mucosa, nausea, allergic eruptions, dizziness in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): Patients with body weight below 60 kg: a 20% dosage reduction. Patients with body weight over 90 kg: a 10–15% increase of the standard dosage is possible while maintaining the frequency of administration.

Preparation Method (Powder): Thoroughly wash Cinnamomum verum bark under running water and dry at a temperature of 40–45 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. Then grind in a porcelain mortar to obtain a homogeneous powder. Sift through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.5 mm. Package in airtight glass containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in an airtight glass container, in a dry place, at a temperature of 5 to 25 degrees Celsius, without access to light and away from sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 18 months. After opening the package, use within 30 days.

Dry Extract — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Dry Extract): Type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, chronic pancreatitis, atopic bronchial asthma, algodismenorrhea, bacterial prostatitis.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 250 mg of dry extract twice daily, 30 minutes before meals, course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 500 mg twice daily for metabolic syndrome, obesity, chronic insulin resistance, and pronounced hypoestrogenism.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): 1 g per day, divided into 2–3 doses. Used for severe forms of metabolic disorders.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 150 mg once daily in the morning, on an empty stomach. Recommended for persons over 50 years of age, patients with prediabetes, mild hypertension, and physical inactivity. Course — 8 weeks.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): For children from 12 years of age and body weight over 35 kg — 100 mg once daily. Used only as recommended by a physician.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Ulcer, pregnancy (no reliable safety data), severe forms of hypertension. Data on contraindications during lactation and in childhood under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): Nausea, headache, tachycardia, irritation of mucous membranes, increased acidity of gastric juice.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): Patients with body weight below 60 kg: the dose should not exceed 200 mg per day. Above 80 kg — a dose increase up to 300 mg is possible.

Preparation Method (Dry Extract): 100 g of bark are crushed and poured with 1 liter of water, boiled over low heat for 60 minutes. Filtered, evaporated to 200 ml, then dried in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 45 degrees Celsius to a powder-like state. The mass of the finished extract is about 10 g.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in a tightly closed porcelain or glass jar, in a dry room at a temperature of 5–20 degrees Celsius, in the dark. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 20 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Tincture): Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, viral bronchitis, atopic bronchial asthma, bacterial prostatitis, gingivitis, algodismenorrhea, dermatophytosis.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops (approximately 1 ml) twice daily, diluted in 100 ml of warm water, 15 minutes before meals. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 25 drops 3 times a day for acute inflammatory conditions of the respiratory tract, viral infections, herpetic lesions, and pronounced dysmenorrhea.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): Up to 30 drops 3 times a day. Used for severe forms of bronchial asthma, fungal and bacterial skin infections, and pronounced prostatitis with pain syndrome.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops once daily in the morning, for 1 month, then a 2-month break. Recommended for prediabetes, chronic fatigue, mild hypotension, as well as a tendency to inflammations of the urogenital system.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Not recommended for children under 14 years of age. From 14 years — 5 drops once daily, only after consultation with a physician.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcoholism, ulcer, pregnancy, stage II–III hypertension. Data on contraindications during lactation and in childhood under 14 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): Burning in the stomach, dizziness, skin eruptions, tachycardia in case of exceeding the dosage.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): Body weight below 60 kg — no more than 15 drops per day. Body weight above 90 kg — an increase up to 30 drops twice daily is possible.

Preparation Method (Tincture): Pour 100 g of crushed dry bark with 500 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol. Infuse in dark glass for 14 days at a temperature of 18–22 degrees Celsius, periodically shaking. Then strain, squeeze, and filter. Store in a glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a dark glass bottle, in a cool place at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 3 years. After opening, use within 60 days.

Oil Infusion — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Oil Infusion): Osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, acne, dermatophytosis, pediculosis, neurodermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, chronic prostatitis, decreased libido, cystitis.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — apply in a thin layer to the affected area 1–2 times a day. Internally — 5 drops on a piece of bread or in a spoon of honey once daily, no more than 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — 2–3 times a day for pronounced dermatoses, fibromyalgia, and osteoarthritis. Internal use is not recommended without specialist supervision.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — up to 4 times a day on limited skin areas. Internally — no more than 10 drops per day (divided into 2 doses), only for severe forms of arthralgia.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): External use — once daily in the evening to improve blood circulation in varicose disease and chronic fatigue. Duration — up to 30 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 10 years — only external use. Apply diluted with coconut oil in a 1:4 ratio, no more than once daily, no more than 7 days.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Open wounds, individual intolerance, eczema in the exacerbation stage. Internal use is contraindicated during pregnancy. Data on use in children under 10 years of age and during lactation have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Burning, skin redness, allergic reaction; with internal use — nausea and stomach pain.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Body weight below 60 kg — use the external form diluted. Body weight above 90 kg — an increase in the application area is possible.

Preparation Method (Oil Infusion): Pour 100 g of crushed bark with 500 ml of first-pressed coconut oil. Infuse in a water bath at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius for 3 hours, then cool and strain. Store in a dark glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a tightly closed dark glass container at a temperature of 10 to 25 degrees Celsius, in the shade. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppositories — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Vaginal Suppositories): Bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis, nonspecific colpitis, vaginal inflammation in hypoestrogenism, vaginal itching, postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository at night, intravaginally, course of treatment — 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository twice daily (morning and evening) for pronounced candidiasis, vaginal inflammation with purulent discharge, and recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Course — up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository twice daily, maximum — 10 consecutive days. Used for chronic recurrent candidiasis and persistent bacterial vaginitis.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository once every 3 days at night for 1 month. Recommended for women in perimenopause, with a tendency to vaginal dysbiosis, and after antibacterial therapy.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Not used in pediatrics. There are no scientifically confirmed data on the safety of use in girls and adolescents.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppositories): Pregnancy, cervical erosion, individual hypersensitivity. Data on contraindications during lactation and in women with oncological diseases of the lesser pelvis have not been registered.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppositories): Burning in the vagina, local hyperemia, itching, contact dermatitis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppositories): Not required. No adjustment is carried out, as the form of application is local and the dosage does not depend on body weight.

Preparation Method (Vaginal Suppositories): For 100 g of base: cocoa butter 90 g, beeswax 5 g, dry cinnamon bark extract 5 g. Melt cocoa butter in a water bath at a temperature of 40–42 °C, add wax, then introduce the extract in a thin stream, stirring thoroughly. Pour into vaginal molds with a volume of 2 g. Cool until solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppositories): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2…+8 °C, in a tightly closed package protected from light and EMI. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 10 days.

Rectal Suppositories — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Rectal Suppositories): Chronic bacterial prostatitis, internal hemorrhoids, anal itching, chronic paraproctitis, hypogalactia, intestinal dysbiosis.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository rectally once daily at night, course — 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository twice daily for exacerbation of chronic prostatitis, severe itching of the anal ring, and dysbiosis of the large intestine. Course — up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 2 suppositories twice daily. Used for severe forms of bacterial prostatitis, in combination with hemorrhoids and inflammation of the rectal mucosa.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository once every 3 days in the evening, for 1 month. Recommended for a sedentary lifestyle, a tendency to venous stasis and constipation.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): Not used in children under 14 years of age. From 14 years — ½ suppository rectally once daily, course — no more than 7 days.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppositories): Acute proctitis, anal fissures in the exacerbation stage, intolerance to components. Data on contraindications in childhood under 14 years of age, during pregnancy and lactation — absent.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppositories): Burning, tingling in the rectum, false urges to defecate, diarrhea in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppositories): For body weight below 60 kg, a dose reduction to ½ suppository is recommended. For body weight above 90 kg, intake of 2 suppositories per day is possible.

Preparation Method (Rectal Suppositories): For 100 g: cocoa butter 90 g, alcoholic cinnamon bark extract 5 g, coconut oil 5 g. Melt the oils at a temperature of 38–40 °C, introduce the alcoholic extract warm, and stir thoroughly. Pour into rectal molds of 2 g each. Cool in the refrigerator until solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppositories): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, protected from light and moisture. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 7 days.

Nasal Drops — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Nasal Drops): Viral rhinitis, acute rhinosinusitis, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion in colds, hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop into each nostril twice daily. Course — up to 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops into each nostril twice daily for pronounced viral rhinitis, presence of thick secretion, and a tendency to sinusitis.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): No more than 2 drops into each nostril 3 times a day. Used no more than 5 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop into each nostril once daily in the morning, for 5 consecutive days during the period of seasonal viral infections.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): From 10 years — 1 drop into each nostril once daily, only in diluted form (1:1 with coconut oil). Do not use in children under 10 years of age.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Purulent sinusitis, nasal bleeding, hypersensitivity. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Burning in the nose, sneezing, increased lacrimation, irritation of the nasal mucosa.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): No dosage adjustment is required. The preparation is applied locally.

Preparation Method (Nasal Drops): For 100 ml: dissolve 2 g of cinnamon essential oil in 98 g of coconut oil, pre-melted in a water bath at a temperature of 35–40 °C. Stir until completely dissolved. Pour into dark glass dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store in a tightly closed container, in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2…+8 °C, away from light sources. Shelf life — up to 60 days. After opening, use within 7 days.

Ear Drops — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Ear Drops): Acute external otitis, mycosis of the external ear, cerumen plugs, itching in the external auditory canal.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops into the external auditory canal once daily, in the evening. Course — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops twice daily for pronounced inflammation, fungal lesions, itching, and hyperemia. Course — up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops twice daily, no more than 5 days. Only for confirmed fungal infection.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop into each ear once every 3 days, course — 10 days. Recommended for increased secretion of earwax and a tendency to form plugs.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 10 years — 1 drop once daily for 3 days. Use only after consultation with a physician.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the eardrum, acute purulent otitis, hypersensitivity. Scientific data on use during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 10 years of age are absent.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Burning, tingling, short-term ear fullness, contact dermatitis with prolonged use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): Not required. Application is local.

Preparation Method (Ear Drops): For 100 ml of finished product: cinnamon essential oil 1 ml, coconut oil 99 ml. Melt coconut oil at a temperature of 35–38 °C, add essential oil, and stir thoroughly. Pour into dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in a dark glass container at a temperature of +4 to +12 °C, in a light-protected place. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 10 days.

Essential Oil — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Essential Oil): Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, bronchial asthma, viral bronchitis, pediculosis, acne, dermatophytosis, anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue.

Standard Dosage (Essential Oil): Externally — in the form of applications or spot massage, 1 drop per 10 ml of base oil, apply 1–2 times a day. In inhalations — 1 drop per 2 liters of hot water, for 5–7 minutes.

Enhanced Dosage (Essential Oil): Externally — 1 drop per 5 ml of base oil, for pronounced dermatophytosis, acne, and pain syndrome in myalgia. In inhalations — 2 drops per 2 liters of water. Course — no more than 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Essential Oil): External use up to 3 times a day on a limited skin area. In inhalations — no more than 3 drops per day.

Preventive Dosage (Essential Oil): 1 drop on an aroma pendant or per 200 ml of warm water for mouth rinsing once daily, course 7–10 days. Recommended during autumn-winter epidemics of viral infections, a tendency to colds, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Pediatric Dosage (Essential Oil): From 10 years — only inhalations or aromaprophylaxis, no more than 1 drop per 2 liters of water. Direct application to the skin and internal use are contraindicated.

Contraindications (Essential Oil): Pregnancy, hypertension, individual intolerance. Do not apply undiluted to the skin. Data on safety during lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Essential Oil): Skin irritation, redness, headache, tachycardia, coughing attacks with excessive inhalation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Essential Oil): Not applicable. External and inhalation use does not require adjustment for body weight.

Preparation Method (Essential Oil): Place 100 g of fresh bark in a distillation apparatus and add 1 liter of water. Carry out steam distillation for 3 hours at a temperature of 100 °C. Separate the resulting oil from the aqueous layer and filter through an activated carbon filter. Yield: about 1–1.5 ml of essential oil per 100 g of raw material.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Essential Oil): Store in a dark, airtight glass bottle at a temperature of +4 to +10 °C, away from sunlight and heat sources. Shelf life — up to 2 years. After opening, use within 30 days.

Cream — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Cream): Acne, seborrheic dermatitis, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, fungal skin lesions, skin itching, post-traumatic edema.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply in a thin layer twice daily to clean skin, course — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Apply up to 3 times a day for pronounced inflammatory and pain manifestations, mycoses of the feet and palms, and acne in the exacerbation stage.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Up to 4 times a day on limited body areas. Course — no more than 7 days.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Once daily in the evening, for 14 days. Recommended for a tendency to skin eruptions, seborrhea, and stress-related skin irritability.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): From 12 years — only for acne, once daily, apply the cream spot-wise. Do not use in children under 12 years of age.

Contraindications (Cream): Skin damage, eczema in the exacerbation stage, individual intolerance. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been established.

Side Effects (Cream): Redness, itching, burning sensation, contact dermatitis with prolonged use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Not required.

Preparation Method (Cream): For 100 g of finished cream: coconut oil 40 g, beeswax 5 g, shea butter 20 g, purified water 25 g, cinnamon essential oil 2 g, lecithin 1 g, potassium sorbate 0.2 g. Melt the oils, add water with lecithin and sorbate, and whip until a creamy consistency is obtained. Add essential oil at a temperature of 35 °C and stir.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature of +4 to +8 °C, in airtight packaging, away from direct light. Shelf life — 45 days. After opening — no more than 10 days.

Ointment — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Ointment): Dermatophytosis, neurodermatitis, furunculosis, fungal skin lesions, osteoarthritis, localized muscle pain, thrombophlebitis.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply twice daily to clean and dry skin in a thin layer, rub in with soft movements. Course — 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Apply 3 times a day for pronounced pain sensations, fungal lesions, and chronic dermatoses with edema.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 4 applications per day on skin areas no larger than 30×30 cm. Course — no more than 7 days.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once daily before bedtime, on the area of joints or feet, course — 14 days. Recommended for varicose disease, cold extremities, and a tendency to mycoses.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 10 years — once daily, only on limited skin areas, no more than 3 days.

Contraindications (Ointment): Open wounds, eczema, fresh burns, individual intolerance. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been scientifically confirmed.

Side Effects (Ointment): Redness, burning, skin peeling, allergic contact dermatitis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): Not required.

Preparation Method (Ointment): For 100 g of finished ointment: coconut oil 50 g, lanolin 20 g, beeswax 10 g, dry cinnamon extract 10 g, cinnamon essential oil 2 g, shea butter 8 g. Melt the oils and wax in a water bath (temperature 45 °C), introduce the extract, and stir. Add essential oil at a temperature of 35 °C. Stir and pour into jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store at a temperature of +4 to +10 °C, in a tightly closed container. Shelf life — up to 3 months. After opening, use within 10 days.

Serum — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Serum): Acne, seborrheic dermatitis, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, age-related skin changes, decreased skin tone, enlarged pores.

Standard Dosage (Serum): Apply 1–2 drops to pre-cleansed facial skin once daily, preferably in the evening.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): Apply 2 drops twice daily for pronounced inflammatory elements, moderate acne, and dull complexion.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): Up to 3 drops twice daily, for a course of no more than 7 days. Used for acne in the exacerbation stage and hypersecretion.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 1 drop once daily in the evening, for 14 days. Recommended for age-related skin changes, stress-related seborrhea, and a tendency to pore congestion.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): From 12 years — 1 drop once daily spot-wise for initial manifestations of acne, no more than 5 days.

Contraindications (Serum): Hypersensitivity, active eruptions with skin damage, couperose. No data on use during pregnancy and lactation.

Side Effects (Serum): Tingling sensation, short-term burning, skin hyperemia, peeling with frequent use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Serum): Not required.

Preparation Method (Serum): For 100 ml: rose hydrolate 70 ml, vegetable glycerin 10 ml, aqueous cinnamon extract 10 ml, jojoba oil 5 ml, cinnamon essential oil 1 ml, lecithin 1 g, preservative potassium sorbate 0.2 g. Combine all components at a temperature not exceeding 40 °C, whip with a mixer until an emulsion is formed. Pour into glass bottles with a pipette.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store at a temperature of +4 to +8 °C in a dark place, away from light and heat. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 7 days.

Lotion — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Lotion): Hyperhidrosis, acne, enlarged pores, skin itching, fungal skin lesions, facial skin inflammation, seborrheic dermatitis.

Standard Dosage (Lotion): Wipe the skin with a cotton pad soaked in lotion, 1–2 times a day, morning and evening. Course — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Lotion): Apply 3 times a day for pronounced skin oiliness, localized rash, and mycoses. Course — no more than 7 days.

Maximum Dosage (Lotion): Up to 4 applications per day on limited skin areas, for 3–5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Lotion): Once daily in the evening, course of 14 days. Recommended for a tendency to pore congestion, post-acne, and seasonal exacerbations of seborrhea.

Pediatric Dosage (Lotion): From 12 years — once daily on the forehead and nasolabial area, for the appearance of single acne elements.

Contraindications (Lotion): Dry and sensitive skin, hypersensitivity to components, dermatitis with impaired skin barrier. No scientific data on use during pregnancy and lactation.

Side Effects (Lotion): Dryness, irritation, redness, peeling.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Lotion): Not required.

Preparation Method (Lotion): For 100 ml: distilled water 60 ml, 70% alcohol 20 ml, lavender hydrolate 15 ml, cinnamon essential oil 0.5 ml, glycerin 3 ml, potassium sorbate 0.5 g. Combine all components, stir thoroughly, and filter. Pour into spray or dispenser bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Lotion): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +4 to +8 °C. Protect from light. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening — no more than 7 days.

Shampoo — Cinnamomum verum

Indications (Shampoo): Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, dandruff, fungal lesions of the scalp, scalp itching, increased hair oiliness, diffuse hair loss.

Standard Dosage (Shampoo): Apply to damp hair once daily, rub into the scalp for 2–3 minutes, then rinse with warm water. Course — 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Shampoo): Twice daily (morning and evening) for pronounced seborrhea, fungal lesions, and persistent scalp itching.

Maximum Dosage (Shampoo): Up to 3 applications per day for 3 days — for severe forms of seborrheic dermatitis and versicolor lichen.

Preventive Dosage (Shampoo): Once every 2 days for 14 days. Recommended for a tendency to dandruff and oily seborrhea.

Pediatric Dosage (Shampoo): From 10 years — once every 3 days, no more than 3 consecutive applications. Do not use in children under 10 years of age.

Contraindications (Shampoo): Scalp damage, eczema, psoriasis in the active phase, individual intolerance. No data on use in pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Side Effects (Shampoo): Burning, scalp irritation, peeling, increased hair loss with prolonged use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Shampoo): Not required.

Preparation Method (Shampoo): For 100 ml: mild shampoo base (sulfate-free) 80 ml, aqueous cinnamon bark extract 10 ml, cinnamon essential oil 0.5 ml, jojoba oil 5 ml, glycerin 4 ml, potassium sorbate 0.2 g. Mix the components at a temperature not exceeding 35 °C, shake until homogeneous.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Shampoo): Store in a cool, dark place, at a temperature of +4 to +10 °C. Shelf life — 2 months. After opening, use within 14 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Cinnamomum verum

Toxicological studies of the bark and essential oil of Cinnamomum verum indicate low acute toxicity with oral administration in therapeutic doses. According to in vivo animal trials, the oral LD50 value for cinnamon essential oil in rats is 1850 mg/kg body weight. The main toxic component is cinnamic aldehyde, exceeding the concentration of which can cause hepatotoxicity and irritation of mucous membranes.

The essential oil should not be applied undiluted to the skin or mucous membranes. With prolonged use of high doses, signs of irritation of the gastrointestinal tract are possible, including erosive gastritis. Chronic toxicity studies have shown the absence of carcinogenic action with prolonged use of low doses. Data on teratogenicity, embryotoxicity, and mutagenicity are currently insufficient to form a reliable conclusion about complete safety during pregnancy and in pediatrics.

Experimental data confirm that extracts of Cinnamomum verum in therapeutic dosages do not cause acute disorders of liver, kidney, and hematopoietic function in experimental animals.

Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Pharmacodynamics — Cinnamomum verum

The pharmacodynamic properties of Cinnamomum verum are due to a complex of biologically active compounds, including phenylpropanoids (predominantly cinnamic aldehyde), essential oils, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. The main mechanism of action is realized through influence on the cellular and humoral components of the immune, endocrine, nervous, and digestive systems.

The anti-inflammatory effect is formed through suppression of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators — prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Cinnamon components inhibit the activity of the enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase, and also modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β and TNF-α) through suppression of the nuclear factor NF-κB. This provides a systemic anti-inflammatory effect with local and oral administration.

Antioxidant activity is realized through direct binding of free radicals, enhancement of the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as stabilization of cell membranes. The antioxidant properties are justified by the high concentration of phenolic compounds, in particular eugenol and cinnamic aldehyde. These substances inhibit lipid peroxide degradation in tissues, especially in metabolic disorders.

A regulatory influence on enzymatic activity has been noted with respect to α-glucosidase and α-amylase — enzymes involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates. Their partial inhibition reduces the rate of glucose absorption and exerts a moderate modulating effect on the level of sugar in the systemic bloodstream.

On the part of the central nervous system, Cinnamomum verum exhibits sedative and anxiolytic effects, which is associated with potentiation of the activity of GABAergic transmission. Some studies indicate indirect modulation of dopaminergic and serotonergic activity, especially under conditions of stress and neuroinflammatory states.

On the part of the gastrointestinal tract, a local spasmolytic and carminative effect has been confirmed. Cinnamon essential oils reduce the tone of smooth muscle and have a mild antisecretory effect. Tannins exert an astringent effect on mucous membranes, enhancing resistance to irritating agents.

The antiseptic and fungistatic effects are realized with local application through destabilization of the membranes of fungi and bacteria, suppression of ergosterol biosynthesis, and inhibition of the activity of bacterial proteases. In vitro studies confirm activity against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, as well as dermatophytes.

The general effect of Cinnamomum verum covers both systemic and local levels and is aimed at normalizing homeostatic processes through biochemical regulation of mediator, enzyme, and cellular links. Taken together, this makes cinnamon a pharmacologically active plant with a wide spectrum of physiological modulation.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691508003729
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3854496/
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Pharmacokinetics — Cinnamomum verum

The pharmacokinetic characteristics of Cinnamomum verum have been studied fragmentarily, predominantly on animal models and when modeling by the main chemical groups of active components. Bioavailability depends on the dosage form and route of administration.

With oral administration of powder or dry extract, active substances (mainly phenolic compounds and terpenoids) are partially absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The essential oils contained in cinnamon exhibit moderate lipophilicity, which facilitates absorption through the mucous membrane of the small intestine. Hydrophilic components, such as polyphenols, are partially metabolized by intestinal microflora to more active or accessible forms.

Distribution in tissues is characterized by moderate selectivity: essential fractions reach high concentrations in the liver, kidneys, lungs, and skin. A tendency to accumulate in lipid tissues with prolonged use of oil forms has been shown. With transdermal and inhalation administration, absorption occurs more rapidly, but the degree of systemic action is lower and localized in the skin and respiratory structures.

The metabolism of active substances occurs predominantly in the liver, with the participation of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Phenolic components undergo conjugation with subsequent conversion into glucuronides and sulfates. Essential oils and aldehyde fractions undergo redox processes, after which they are also inactivated and excreted.

The excretion of metabolites is carried out through the kidneys (the main route) and to a lesser extent — with bile and exhaled air. Terpenoid components can be partially excreted through the skin with sweat. The duration of excretion depends on the form of the preparation and the individual characteristics of the patient, including the state of the liver and kidneys. Persistence in the body at standard doses has not been detected; however, when using essential oils in high concentration, cumulation in adipose tissue is possible.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18588980/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874112006856
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Cinnamomum verum

The biochemical activity of Cinnamomum verum is explained by the presence of a complex of phenolic compounds, volatile aromatic aldehydes, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. One of the key components is cinnamic aldehyde, capable of modifying many signaling cascades and cellular targets. It has an inhibitory effect on the expression of the enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which leads to a decrease in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Additionally, by acting on the transcription factor NF-κB, cinnamic aldehyde reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines — in particular, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, which leads to a general modulation of the inflammatory response.

Cinnamon flavonoids exhibit antioxidant activity through direct binding of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibition of NADPH oxidase enzymes, as well as through activation of antioxidant enzyme systems — superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. These effects stabilize cell membranes, reduce lipid peroxidation, and protect endothelial cells from oxidative stress.

At the level of cellular receptors, it has been shown that terpenoids and eugenol from Cinnamomum verum are capable of partially interacting with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, especially with GABA_A subtypes, which mediates a mild sedative and anxiolytic effect. Neurotropic effects are also associated with suppression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, which increases the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft and improves cognitive processes when acting on the central nervous system.

In the aspect of interaction with carbohydrate metabolism, Cinnamomum verum modulates the activity of the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase, reducing the rate of breakdown of complex carbohydrates. In parallel, in vitro studies demonstrate the potential of some fractions of the plant to enhance the sensitivity of insulin receptors and increase the expression of GLUT-4 (glucose transporter), especially in adipocytes and myocytes.

At the immunological level, the active compounds of cinnamon reduce the activation of macrophages and neutrophils, limit the production of nitric oxide (NO) through inhibition of iNOS, and weaken the differentiation of Th1 cells. The modulating influence on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is also considered as a mechanism for reducing cytokine-induced activation of the immune system.

Volatile components of the essential oil, with local application, disrupt the integrity of the lipid membranes of microbial cells, inhibit the activity of bacterial proteases, and limit the synthesis of ergosterol in fungi, which determines the antimicrobial and fungistatic effects. Additionally, the suppressive effect on the growth of biofilms of a number of pathogenic strains under the action of small doses of essential fractions has been confirmed.

The systemic action of cinnamon covers neurohumoral, metabolic, and immune regulation, with a possible target in the vascular endothelium, CNS synapses, and epithelial barriers of mucous membranes.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3854496/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874112006856
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/1...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Synergy — Cinnamomum verum

The pharmacological synergy of Cinnamomum verum with other plant and biologically active compounds has been confirmed in a number of preclinical and experimental models. One of the most studied directions is the potentiation of the antioxidant effect when cinnamon is combined with curcumin: the additive effect is manifested in enhanced expression of enzymes of the glutathione system and a decrease in the production of peroxide metabolites in the cells of the liver and brain. Joint inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme when combined with green tea extract indicates a complementation of the anti-inflammatory effect, especially with respect to macrophage activity.

In vitro studies demonstrate the synergy of Cinnamomum verum and eugenol-containing plants (e.g., basil) in suppressing the growth of fungi of the genus Candida, due to the modulating action on membrane proteins and potentiation of disorders of ergosterol synthesis. Potentiation of the antiseptic effect has also been revealed with combined use with thymol and carvacrol (from thyme and oregano, respectively), which increases the permeability of bacterial cell membranes.

Combined use with adaptogens (e.g., with rhodiola or ginseng extract) showed enhanced modulating action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, confirmed in models of chronic stress in rodents. Potentiation of anxiolytic and tonic activity against the background of combined administration is noted.

Additionally, additive and potentiating interactions with zinc, selenium, and B vitamins in the modulation of oxidative stress and maintenance of neurotrophic factors have been recorded. This indicates the ability of Cinnamomum verum to enhance the effects of nutrients under chronic loads on the nervous system.

Intragroup synergy is also manifested when combining cinnamon essential oil with lavender oil, which enhances the sedative effect with inhalation administration, as well as enhances skin penetration in transdermal compositions.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874118303040
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18588980/
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273146/

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Cinnamomum verum

Cinnamomum verum is traditionally used in the folk medicine and culture of the peoples of South and Southeast Asia, including Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Thailand, as well as in the Arab world, East Africa, and the Mediterranean region. The classic region of origin and the deepest tradition of use is Sri Lanka, where the plant has been known since ancient times as "ceylon cinnamon" — Ceylon cinnamon, highly valued in trade as far back as the era of the Ancient East.

Archaeoethnobotanical and written sources record the use of cinnamon already in the 3rd millennium BC in Sumerian, Egyptian, and ancient Indian healing practices. Mentions of it are found in the "Ayurvedic Samhitas," as well as in the "Ebers Papyrus" (16th century BC), where cinnamon is part of complex aromatic mixtures and embalming compositions. In Chinese medicine (Han Dynasty), it was used as a tonic and warming remedy, and continues to be used in the form of decoctions, tinctures, and wraps.

In Indian Ayurveda, cinnamon is used as a component of mixtures with a warming effect. Most often, brown powders, oil extracts, and mixtures with honey or milk are used. In Tibetan medicine, cinnamon was included in ritual recipes as a regulator of "liver fire" and a means of harmonizing the flow of "zhang" energy.

In Arab medicine of the Middle Ages (Ibn Sina, "Canon of Medicine"), cinnamon was described as a remedy that purifies the body and "brings clarity to the mind." In the ritual traditions of the Middle East, cinnamon bark was burned in censers to purify space from "evil spirits" and disease-causing influences.

On the African coast (especially in Zanzibar and Kenya), cinnamon was considered a plant of strength and was used in healing and protection rituals, in particular — for fumigating dwellings and objects. In West African Yoruba rituals, cinnamon was sometimes added to amulets and talismans as a symbol of solar energy.

In the culture of Siam and Lanna (Northern Thailand), cinnamon was used as part of massage balls, decoctions for wraps, and in inhalation mixtures. Local healing practices used it as a warming and cleansing remedy, including it in mixtures for women after childbirth and during the "restorative month."

In magical-ritual practices of various cultures, cinnamon was traditionally associated with purification, protection, and attracting good luck and health. In some Slavic and Arab rituals, it was placed in wallets and the corner of the house to attract prosperity and expel diseases. In the cultures of the Caribbean basin, it was used in the form of powder or fumigations in rites of "cutting off damage" and protecting the home.