​Epilobium angustifolium (Fireweed / Willowherb)

Epilobium angustifolium (Fireweed / Willowherb)

Product Name: Кипрей узколистный, Epilobium angustifolium, Schmalblättriges Weidenröschen, Epilobio de hoja estrecha, Épilobe à feuilles étroites, الصفصاف الضيق الأوراق, หญ้าไฟ, Torong’il yaproqli ivan-chay, Дарылык кипрей, İvan çayı, Чойи иван, Siauralapis gaurometis, Šaurlapu ugunspuķe, Іван-чай вузьколистий, איוואן-צ'אי

Synonyms: иван-чай, копорский чай, дикий чай, плакун, хреновик (рус.); willowherb, fireweed, rosebay willowherb (англ.); Weidenröschen, Waldweidenröschen (нем.); té de fuego, sauce de flor (исп.); épilobe, thé de Saint-Antoine (фр.); شاي الصفصاف, نبات النار (араб.); ชาสมุนไพรป่า, หญ้าต้มแก้ไข้ (тайск.)

Used Parts: leaves, flowers, stems, roots, seeds.

Main Indications for the Use of Epilobium angustifolium: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, gastric ulcer, gastritis with high acidity, chronic colitis, iron deficiency anemia, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic eczema, chronic cystitis, vagotonic-type autonomic dysfunction, anxiety disorder, sleep disturbances.

Use of Epilobium angustifolium in Mixtures and Complexes: Chronic pyelonephritis, urethritis, neurodermatitis, erosive gastroduodenitis, irritable bowel syndrome, climacteric syndrome, chronic tonsillitis, follicular conjunctivitis, chronic venous insufficiency, dysmetabolic nephropathy.

Pharmacological Properties of Epilobium angustifolium: Anti-inflammatory, antiandrogenic, antibacterial, astringent, antiseptic, hemostatic, antioxidant, sedative, wound-healing, spasmolytic, immunomodulatory, demulcent, diuretic, cytoprotective, antipruritic, adsorbent.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Epilobium angustifolium

Powder — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Powder): Benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, gastric ulcer, gastritis with high acidity, chronic colitis, iron deficiency anemia.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1 gram of powder 2 times a day, 30 minutes before meals, with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1.5 grams 3 times a day for benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, and gastric ulcer in remission.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): No more than 2 grams 3 times a day. Used for exacerbation of chronic gastritis with hyperacidity and inflammatory processes of the prostate, by doctor's prescription.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5 grams once a day in the morning on an empty stomach. Recommended for men over 40 years of age at risk of prostate adenoma, patients with chronic gastritis outside of exacerbation. Course 30 days, repeat — every 6 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 12 years of age, with a body weight of more than 35 kg — 0.3 grams 2 times a day. For younger children, scientifically reliable data are absent.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual hypersensitivity, acute pancreatitis, peptic ulcer in the acute phase. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): With overdose, dyspeptic disorders, flatulence, and a feeling of heaviness in the stomach are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): Patients with body weight less than 60 kg — dose reduction by 25% from the standard. Patients with body weight more than 90 kg — a dose increase by 25% is allowed in the absence of side effects.

Preparation method (Powder): To obtain 100 grams of powder: dried leaves of fireweed — 100 grams. The raw material is ground in a coffee grinder or mill to a finely dispersed powder (fraction less than 0.2 mm). The ground powder is sifted through a sieve, packaged in an airtight glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a dry, light-protected place at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C, away from sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening the package, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Dry Extract): Benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic eczema, chronic colitis, iron deficiency anemia.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 300 mg of dry extract 2 times a day before meals, course — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 400–500 mg 3 times a day for exacerbation of chronic prostatitis, pronounced seborrheic eczema, and concomitant inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 600 mg 3 times a day. Use no more than 7 days in a row, only under medical supervision for complicated prostatic hyperplasia or severe eczema.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 200 mg once a day in the morning. Recommended for men over 45 years of age with a hereditary predisposition to prostatic hyperplasia, as well as for chronic skin diseases outside of exacerbation. Frequency — 2 months intake, 1 month break.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): From 12 years — 100 mg 2 times a day. Use in children under 12 years of age is not recommended due to the lack of studies.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Hypersensitivity to plant components, acute inflammations in the stomach and intestines. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): Rarely — headache, increased gas formation, transient skin rashes with individual sensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): Patients with body weight less than 50 kg — dose reduction by 30%. Patients over 90 kg — a dose increase of 25% is allowed with good tolerability.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): To obtain 100 grams of dry extract: fireweed leaves — 500 grams, purified water — 1 liter. The raw material is poured with water, infused at a temperature of 80–85 °C for 4 hours. Filtered, the extract is evaporated in a water bath to obtain a dry mass. Dried in a vacuum dryer at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C until stable dryness. The finished powder is sifted and packaged in an airtight container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in a dark, dry place at a temperature of +4 to +25 °C, in tightly closed packaging. Avoid exposure to direct light and moisture. Shelf life — up to 18 months. After opening, use within 45 days.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Tincture): Benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic bacterial prostatitis, atopic dermatitis, chronic colitis, gastric ulcer in remission, vagotonic-type neurocirculatory dystonia.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops (about 1 ml) 2 times a day, dissolved in 50 ml of water, 20 minutes before meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 30 drops 3 times a day for chronic prostatitis, pronounced prostatic hyperplasia accompanied by pain syndrome and urination disorders.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): Up to 40 drops 3 times a day. Allowed short-term (no more than 5 days in a row) for exacerbations of inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 15 drops once a day in the morning, in a course of 20 days. Used for chronic autonomic dystonia, in men over 45 years of age — for the prevention of prostatic hyperplasia. Repeat courses — no more than once a quarter.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Use is not recommended for children under 14 years of age due to ethanol content. Safety data in pediatric practice are absent.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcoholism, epilepsy, acute psychoses, liver diseases with pronounced hepatic insufficiency. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 14 years of age have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): With overdose, dizziness, nausea, hypotensive reaction, and drowsiness are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): For body weight below 60 kg, it is recommended to reduce the dosage by 20%. For body weight over 90 kg, an increase in dosage by 20% is allowed.

Preparation method (Tincture): To prepare 100 ml of tincture: dried fireweed leaves — 20 grams, 40% ethyl alcohol — 100 ml. The raw material is poured with alcohol, infused in a tightly closed glass vessel in a dark place at a temperature of 20–25 °C for 14 days, shaking periodically. After infusion, filter through gauze, pour into an airtight dark glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C. Avoid exposure to direct light and sources of EMI. Shelf life — 2 years. After opening the bottle, use within 90 days.

Oil Infusion — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atopic dermatitis, seborrheic eczema, neurodermatitis, chronic skin ulcers, first and second degree burns, skin microtraumas.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally: apply a thin layer to affected skin areas 2 times a day (morning and evening), course — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): 3–4 times a day for exacerbations of eczema, skin fissures resistant to other agents, as well as for infected microtraumas as part of complex therapy.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Application up to 5 times a day. Used short-term (no more than 5 days) for acute skin inflammation or active dermatoses with weeping.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Once a day in the evening on cleansed skin in areas of chronic inflammation, fissures, and flaking. Recommended for patients with dry skin prone to eczema, and children with atopic dermatitis outside of exacerbation. Course — 10 days per month.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 3 years: once a day on affected skin areas. Only in the absence of individual intolerance. Under 3 years — do not use without medical consultation.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual intolerance, acute purulent skin infections. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered, but it is recommended to use with caution.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Rarely — local redness, itching, burning sensation in the presence of individual hypersensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Adjustment is not required, as the product is applied externally.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): To prepare 100 grams of product: dry fireweed leaves — 10 grams, first-press coconut oil — 90 grams. Grind the plant raw material, pour with coconut oil heated to 45 °C. Infuse in a water bath at a temperature of 45–50 °C for 4 hours. Cool, strain, squeeze out the raw material. Pour the finished infusion into a glass jar with an airtight lid.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a cool, dark place at a temperature of +5 to +18 °C. After opening — use within 60 days. Protect from sunlight and sources of heat. Store away from EMI and household appliances.

Non-Fermented Herbal Tea — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): Gastritis with high acidity, gastric ulcer in remission, chronic colitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, iron deficiency anemia, neurocirculatory dystonia, insomnia.

Standard Dosage (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): 1 tablespoon of ground raw material per 250 ml of boiling water, infuse for 15 minutes. Take 1/3 cup 3 times a day 20 minutes before meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): 2 tablespoons per 250 ml of boiling water, infuse for 20 minutes. Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day for exacerbation of chronic colitis, pronounced autonomic dysfunction, and menopausal disorders in men.

Maximum Dosage (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): Up to 3 cups of infusion per day (for 6 tablespoons of raw material), no more than 7 days in a row. Used for pronounced hyperacidity, anxiety disorder, and concomitant prostatitis.

Preventive Dosage (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): 1 teaspoon per 200 ml of water, once a day warm 30 minutes before meals. Recommended for patients with chronic gastritis, vegetative-vascular dystonia, and mild anemia. Course — 14 days, repeat every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): From 5 years — 1 tablespoon of infusion 2 times a day. For children from 3 to 5 years — only by doctor's prescription. Minimum weight — 15 kg.

Contraindications (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): Individual intolerance, acute gastrointestinal conditions. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are absent, but herbal tea is often used in folk practice as a safe remedy.

Side Effects (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): When the volume is exceeded — diarrhea, hypotension, increased sedative effect are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): For body weight up to 40 kg — reduce the volume of infusion by 30–40%. For body weight over 90 kg — correction to 1.5 volume is possible with good tolerability.

Preparation method (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): To prepare 100 grams of product: fresh fireweed leaves are collected by hand, thoroughly washed, dried in the shade at a temperature of up to 35 °C until completely dry. The dried leaves are crushed by hand to a fraction of 2–3 cm, packaged in paper or fabric bags. Not subjected to fermentation.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Non-Fermented Herbal Tea): Store in a dry place, protected from direct light, at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C, without access to moisture and odors. Shelf life — 18 months. After opening the package — use within 60 days.

Fermented Herbal Tea — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Fermented Herbal Tea): Chronic bacterial prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, gastritis with reduced acidity, iron deficiency anemia, autonomic dystonia, chronic fatigue, sleep disturbances.

Standard Dosage (Fermented Herbal Tea): 1 tablespoon per 250 ml of boiling water, infuse for 20 minutes. Take 1/2 cup 2–3 times a day, warm.

Enhanced Dosage (Fermented Herbal Tea): 1.5 tablespoons per 250 ml of water. Take 2/3 cup 3 times a day for prostatitis, prostatic hyperplasia, chronic fatigue, and moderate anemia.

Maximum Dosage (Fermented Herbal Tea): Up to 1 liter per day (for 6 tablespoons of raw material). Used for no more than 5 days for pronounced inflammatory component, sleep disturbances with an anxiety component, and immune weakness.

Preventive Dosage (Fermented Herbal Tea): 1 teaspoon per 200 ml of boiling water, once a day. Take 14–20 days in courses 2–3 times a year for a tendency to anemia, decreased libido, and chronic fatigue. Recommended for men over 35 years of age.

Pediatric Dosage (Fermented Herbal Tea): From 7 years — 50 ml of infusion 1–2 times a day. Under 7 years — not recommended without medical supervision.

Contraindications (Fermented Herbal Tea): Individual intolerance, acute gastrointestinal infections. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation are absent, but no side effects have been recorded.

Side Effects (Fermented Herbal Tea): With overdose — decreased blood pressure, drowsiness, mild laxative effect are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Fermented Herbal Tea): For body weight below 50 kg — reduce the volume of infusion by 25%. For body weight above 90 kg — increase to 1.2 of the standard dose is possible.

Preparation method (Fermented Herbal Tea): To prepare 100 grams of product: fresh fireweed leaves — 400 grams. The raw material is wilted for 8–10 hours, then rolled until juice appears and placed in a glass jar, tightly packed. Fermented at a temperature of 30–35 °C for 24–48 hours, then dried at a temperature of up to 50 °C. Store in fabric bags or jars with a tight lid.

Leaf Fermentation is a controlled anaerobic process of oxidative-hydrolytic transformation, in which the leaves undergo controlled biochemical changes under the action of their own enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase) released upon the destruction of cell membranes. First, fresh leaves are collected by hand in dry weather and wilted in the shade at a temperature of 20–25 °C for 8–10 hours until soft and elastic. Then each leaf is rolled by hand until juice appears — this initiates enzymatic activity. The rolled leaves are tightly placed in a glass, ceramic, or enamel container, covered with a damp cloth or lid, and kept at a temperature of 30–35 °C for 24–48 hours under limited air access. During fermentation, the mass darkens, the aroma becomes rich with fruity and floral notes, the content of free tannins and chlorophyll decreases, and the bioavailability of polyphenols increases. After fermentation is complete, the leaves are dried at a temperature of 50–60 °C until completely dry. The finished fermented tea acquires a brown or dark olive color, a mild taste without bitterness, and high antioxidant activity. Store in airtight packaging, protected from light and moisture, at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Fermented Herbal Tea): Store in a dry, darkened place at a temperature of +5 to +20 °C. Avoid moisture, sources of odor, direct light, and EMI. Shelf life — up to 24 months. After opening the package — use within 90 days.

Cream — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Cream): Atopic dermatitis, seborrheic eczema, neurodermatitis, psoriasis, adolescent acne, couperose, skin irritation after shaving.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply the cream in a thin layer to affected skin areas 2 times a day — morning and evening, in a course of 10 to 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Up to 4 times a day for exacerbation of neurodermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriatic plaques on open areas of the body.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Up to 6 times a day, short-term (up to 5 days), for severe itching, inflammation, and flaking of the skin, especially in the face, neck, and folds.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Once a day at night, for 7–10 days monthly. Used in patients with chronic dermatoses, sensitive skin prone to irritation, and adolescents during hormonal changes.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): From 3 years: once a day, on a limited area of skin. For children under 3 years — in agreement with a pediatrician. Gender does not affect the dosage.

Contraindications (Cream): Acute pustular skin infection, individual hypersensitivity to components. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered, but use is allowed on limited areas of skin.

Side Effects (Cream): Rarely, local reactions are possible: itching, burning, redness with hypersensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Not required, as the product is applied externally.

Preparation method (Cream): For 100 grams of product: — alcoholic extract of Epilobium angustifolium — 5 grams; — unrefined coconut oil — 40 grams; — beeswax — 8 grams; — lavender hydrolate — 30 grams; — lecithin-based emulsifier — 2 grams; — vegetable glycerin — 10 grams; — organic acid preservative — 0.5 grams. Melt the wax and oil in a water bath, combine with the emulsifier. Separately heat the aqueous phase (hydrolate, glycerin, extract). At a temperature of about 45 °C, slowly pour the aqueous phase into the oil phase, whip with a mixer until a homogeneous cream is obtained. Add the preservative, package in an opaque jar.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature of +4 to +12 °C in the refrigerator, without access to light and moisture. Shelf life — 90 days. After opening — use within 30 days, store tightly closed.

Ointment — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Ointment): Skin fissures, microtraumas, chronic ulcers, first-degree burns, psoriatic elements, marginal dermatitis.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply the ointment 1–2 times a day under a bandage or openly, in a thin layer, for 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Up to 3 times a day, in the presence of chronic ulcers, long-healing fissures, itching, and inflammation.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 5 times a day, no more than 5 days in a row, for burns, wound inflammations accompanied by weeping.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once a day in the evening on potentially vulnerable areas (for example, elbows, heels, areas subject to mechanical damage). Course — 5–7 days, repeat monthly.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 2 years: once a day on small areas of skin. Mandatory monitoring of skin reaction. For under 2 years — only by doctor's prescription.

Contraindications (Ointment): Purulent wounds, deep ulcers, individual sensitivity. Use during pregnancy and lactation is possible externally, on limited areas, under medical supervision.

Side Effects (Ointment): With overdose, skin maceration, irritation, and allergic reactions are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): Adjustment is not required, as the product is applied locally.

Preparation method (Ointment): For 100 grams of ointment: — fireweed oil infusion — 60 grams; — beeswax — 20 grams; — alcoholic extract — 5 grams; — shea butter — 10 grams; — natural vitamin E — 0.5 grams. Melt the wax and shea butter in a water bath, add the infusion. Cool to 40 °C, add the alcoholic extract and vitamin E. Quickly mix and pour into jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in a cool place at a temperature of +5 to +15 °C, without access to light. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening — use within 45 days.

Serum — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Serum): Adolescent acne, seborrheic dermatitis, skin hyperemia, couperose, inflammatory elements on the facial skin, post-acne.

Standard Dosage (Serum): Apply 2 drops of serum to cleansed facial skin in the morning and evening, evenly distributing over areas of inflammation. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): Up to 4 drops 3 times a day on areas of inflammation, in the presence of pronounced acne elements, redness, and papular rashes.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): Up to 5 drops up to 4 times a day. Use no more than 5 days in a row for an active inflammatory skin reaction with suppuration or weeping.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 1 drop once a day in the evening on the T-zone or other areas of skin prone to inflammation. Recommended for adolescents with oily skin and patients with recurrent forms of acne. Course — 10 days per month.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): From 10 years of age if indicated — 1 drop once a day. Not used for children under 10 years of age.

Contraindications (Serum): Allergy to components, open ulcers on the face, fungal skin lesions. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been established; use is allowed only externally, pointwise.

Side Effects (Serum): Rarely — short-term tingling, redness, feeling of skin tightness with individual sensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Serum): Not required.

Preparation method (Serum): For 100 ml of product: — alcoholic extract of Epilobium angustifolium — 5 ml; — witch hazel hydrolate — 50 ml; — aloe vera gel — 20 ml; — cucumber extract — 10 ml; — plant-derived hyaluronic acid (0.5%) — 10 ml; — preservative from sorbic and benzoic acids — 0.5 ml. Combine all aqueous components, adding the extracts drop by drop. At the end, add hyaluronic acid, mix, and leave for 12 hours for structuring. Package in glass bottles with a pipette.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store at a temperature of +4...+8 °C, away from light and EMI. Shelf life — 60 days. After opening, use within 30 days. Store strictly airtight.

Lotion — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Lotion): Acne, inflammatory elements, irritation after shaving, skin hyperemia, oily shine, enlarged pores.

Standard Dosage (Lotion): Wipe the facial skin with a cotton pad moistened with lotion, 2 times a day — morning and evening, without rinsing. Course — 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Lotion): Up to 3 times a day for inflammation, oiliness, and the presence of pustules. Point application to problem areas is possible.

Maximum Dosage (Lotion): Up to 5 applications per day, no more than 5 days in a row. Recommended for severe forms of acne and increased sebum secretion.

Preventive Dosage (Lotion): Once a day in the evening, in courses of 7–10 days monthly. Suitable for adolescents, men with irritation after shaving, and patients with recurrent acne.

Pediatric Dosage (Lotion): From 10 years — once a day on the face and upper back. Under 10 years, do not use.

Contraindications (Lotion): Allergic reactions, skin damage, fresh burns. During pregnancy and lactation, external use is allowed.

Side Effects (Lotion): Rarely — dry skin, flaking, feeling of tightness.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Lotion): Not required.

Preparation method (Lotion): For 100 ml: — aqueous extract of fireweed — 50 ml; — sage hydrolate — 30 ml; — organic apple cider vinegar — 10 ml; — glycerin — 5 ml; — tea tree essential oil — 3 drops. Combine all components at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C. Mix, leave for 4 hours for stabilization. Pour into bottles with a dispenser or spray.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Lotion): Store at a temperature of +5...+18 °C in a dark place. After opening — use within 30 days. Protect from light and heat. Shelf life of a sealed bottle — 6 months.

Skin Toner — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Skin Toner): Couperose, oily seborrhea, acne, enlarged pores, skin inflammation, increased skin sensitivity, irritation after washing.

Standard Dosage (Skin Toner): Wipe the face with a cotton pad moistened with toner, 2 times a day — morning and evening, immediately after washing. Does not require rinsing. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Skin Toner): 3 times a day for exacerbation of acne, oily seborrhea, inflammation with hyperemia and irritation.

Maximum Dosage (Skin Toner): Up to 4 times a day, for 5 days. Applied pointwise or on the entire T-zone for oily shine and active inflammatory elements.

Preventive Dosage (Skin Toner): Once a day in the evening. Recommended for adolescents during puberty, patients with recurrent acne, and people with irritated skin after prolonged sun exposure. Course — 10 days per month.

Pediatric Dosage (Skin Toner): From 10 years — once a day. Use under adult supervision, avoiding contact with eyes. Under 10 years, not recommended.

Contraindications (Skin Toner): Individual sensitivity, damaged skin, fresh burns. During pregnancy, external use on limited areas is allowed.

Side Effects (Skin Toner): Rarely — feeling of tightness, dryness, redness of the skin with increased individual reactivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Skin Toner): Not required.

Preparation method (Skin Toner): For 100 ml: — aqueous infusion of fireweed (1:10) — 70 ml; — rose water distillate — 20 ml; — lactic acid (1% solution) — 5 ml; — potassium sorbate — 0.5 ml; — allantoin — 0.5 g. Combine the infusion with the remaining components at a temperature not exceeding 30 °C, mix until dissolved. Package in spray bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Skin Toner): Store in the refrigerator at +4...+8 °C. Shelf life — 60 days. After opening, use within 30 days. Avoid exposure to sunlight and overheating.

Cosmetic Mask — Epilobium angustifolium

Indications (Cosmetic Mask): Adolescent acne, skin inflammation, hyperkeratosis, oily seborrhea, enlarged pores, irritation after cosmetic procedures.

Standard Dosage (Cosmetic Mask): Apply to cleansed facial skin in a layer of 1–2 mm for 15–20 minutes, then rinse with warm water. Apply 2 times a week.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetic Mask): 3 times a week on areas with inflammation, oiliness, and thickened stratum corneum. Exposure time — up to 30 minutes.

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetic Mask): Up to 5 applications per week (daily), only in a course of 5 days for pronounced inflammation, hyperkeratosis, and comedones.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetic Mask): Once a week, on the entire face or T-zone. Suitable for adolescents and adults with oily or combination skin. Course — 1 month, repeated every 2 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetic Mask): From 10 years — once a week, on skin without damage. Under 10 years — do not use without specialist prescription.

Contraindications (Cosmetic Mask): Pustular skin lesions, allergy, fresh scars. For pregnant women — allowed only in the absence of skin reactivity.

Side Effects (Cosmetic Mask): Rarely — redness, feeling of tightness, irritation with prolonged exposure of the mask on the skin.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cosmetic Mask): Not required.

Preparation method (Cosmetic Mask): For 100 grams: — powder of dry fireweed leaves — 15 grams; — white clay (kaolin) — 50 grams; — chamomile hydrolate — 25 ml; — aloe vera gel — 8 ml; — lavender essential oil — 2 drops. Mix the fireweed powder and clay, add hydrolate and aloe until a creamy mass is obtained. Add essential oil, mix until homogeneous. Package in glass jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetic Mask): Store in the refrigerator at +4...+8 °C. Do not allow freezing. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening, use within 14 days, avoiding water getting inside the jar.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Epilobium angustifolium

Pharmacological studies have shown that Epilobium angustifolium has a high degree of biosafety upon oral and external use. According to experimental data, the acute toxic effect of aqueous extract of fireweed on laboratory animals is practically absent: the LD₅₀ value upon oral administration to mice exceeds 5000 mg/kg, which corresponds to class 5 of low-toxicity substances according to WHO classification. Throughout the observation period, no signs of organotoxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, or cumulation were detected. In subacute and chronic studies on animals with the administration of extracts at doses up to 1000 mg/kg/day for 30 days, no deviations in biochemical and morphological parameters were noted. The data indicate a high degree of tolerability of the drug at therapeutic dosages and a wide therapeutic window. Products based on Epilobium angustifolium can be considered safe when regulated doses and conditions of use are observed.

Reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Pharmacodynamics — Epilobium angustifolium

Fireweed has confirmed pharmacodynamic effects associated with the action of polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids, gallotannins, ellagitannins), triterpenes, and phytosterols contained in the aerial parts of the plant. At the systemic level, Epilobium angustifolium extracts exhibit pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, mainly due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzymes, which leads to a decrease in the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. These actions are combined with antioxidant activity, realized through the neutralization of free radicals, stabilization of membranes, and regulation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. Local and systemic anti-inflammatory action is accompanied by a moderate antiseptic effect, due to the suppression of the growth of pathogenic bacterial and fungal flora. With respect to the nervous system, fireweed extracts have a sedative effect mediated by an effect on GABAergic pathways and modulation of synaptic transmission. In vitro studies have shown the ability of plant components to reduce the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), which indicates an immunomodulatory effect with systemic use. At the level of endocrine regulation, inhibitory activity against 5-α-reductase, an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of testosterone to its active form, has been identified, which is confirmed by experimental studies on cell models. This action is complemented by an antiproliferative effect against some epithelial cells. Polyphenolic fractions have a modulating effect on receptor signaling cascades, including NF-κB and MAPK, participating in the regulation of cellular response to inflammatory and oxidative stimuli. In the gastrointestinal tract, extracts exhibit astringent, demulcent, and mild spasmolytic properties, predominantly of local action, due to the presence of tannins and mucilages. With external use, it has a dermatotropic effect, manifested in a decrease in inflammation, itching, hyperemia, and increased skin sensitivity. A local hemostatic and reparative effect has been established, realized through a reduction in primary hemostasis time, stimulation of epithelial cell migration, and regulation of fibronectin synthesis. The overall pharmacodynamic profile of Epilobium angustifolium can be characterized as multi-level and polysystemic, with a predominance of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, mild sedative, and modulating effects.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Pharmacokinetics — Epilobium angustifolium

Pharmacokinetic data on Epilobium angustifolium are limited; however, based on data on herbal forms containing polyphenolic compounds (including flavonoids, ellagitannins, gallotannins), generalized pathways of absorption and metabolism can be identified. Upon oral use of infusions, extracts, and powders, absorption of active substances occurs mainly in the small intestine with the participation of transport systems specific to polyphenols. Flavonoids (especially in the form of aglycones) undergo partial transformation under the action of intestinal microflora, after which they are absorbed and conjugated in the liver with the subsequent participation of phase II enzymes (glucuronidation, sulfation). The main distribution is observed in the liver, intestines, skin, kidneys, and mucous membranes, with some of the active components possibly accumulating in lymphoid tissue and epithelial structures. With transdermal use (ointment and oil forms), penetration occurs mainly into the superficial and middle layers of the skin, including the sebaceous glands and hair follicles, without systemic absorption at limited doses. In the case of application through mucous membranes (vaginally, rectally), higher bioavailability is possible, especially for low-polarity fractions, due to bypassing the first pass through the liver. Metabolism of polyphenols is completed in the liver with the formation of soluble metabolites, which are excreted mainly in the urine, to a lesser extent — with bile. Residual terpene and fat-soluble compounds (in the case of oil forms) may be partially excreted through the skin and lungs. Tannin structures largely settle in the gastrointestinal tract, realizing a local astringent effect and are then excreted with feces. With prolonged use, no accumulation in tissues is noted when therapeutic dosages are observed. The main routes of elimination are the kidneys and intestines, with minimal load on liver enzymes, which allows the use of Epilobium angustifolium forms in patients with moderate detoxification function disorders.

References:
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Epilobium angustifolium

The pharmacological activity of Epilobium angustifolium is mainly due to the content of ellagitannins (in particular, oenothein A and B), flavonoids (quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol), phytosterols, polysaccharides, and triterpenes. In vitro studies have shown that ellagitannins inhibit the activity of 5-alpha-reductase (types 1 and 2), limiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which indicates participation in the regulation of hormone-dependent enzymatic pathways. It has also been established that fireweed polyphenols are able to suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory genes through NF-κB blockade, which is accompanied by a decrease in the production of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and chemokines that activate neutrophils and macrophages. Additional effects are realized through the inhibition of COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX enzymes, which prevents the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, key mediators of the inflammatory response. The antioxidant effect of plant components is associated with direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species, chelation of transition metal ions, and activation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes. In the skin and mucous membranes, Epilobium angustifolium extracts exhibit dermatotropic activity, realized through stabilization of the vascular wall, suppression of mast cell degranulation, and a decrease in ICAM-1 expression, which reduces tissue infiltration by immunocompetent cells. In experiments on neuronal cell culture, fireweed flavonoids were found to have a modulating effect on the GABA receptor complex, potentiating inhibitory signals, which confirms the central sedative effect. In addition, it has been found that aqueous and alcoholic extracts have a bacteriostatic effect on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Candida albicans, suggesting a mechanism of suppression of microbial growth through the destruction of cell membranes and inhibition of protein synthesis. Tannin fractions included in the composition cause protein precipitation and form a protective film on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, providing a local anti-inflammatory and antisecretory effect. At the level of cellular signaling, it has been established that plant polyphenols are able to modulate MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2 cascades, affecting proliferation, apoptosis, and cell survival. These actions together indicate the systemic orientation of the pharmacological effects of Epilobium angustifolium with the involvement of endocrine, immune, nervous, and skin regulation, mediated through receptor, enzyme, and mediator mechanisms.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Synergy — Epilobium angustifolium

According to biomedical research data, Epilobium angustifolium demonstrates pharmacological synergy with a number of natural compounds, mainly in the directions of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hormone-modulating action. The combination with curcumin (a derivative of Curcuma longa) potentiates antioxidant and inhibitory activity with respect to the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible NO synthase, which has been confirmed in RAW 264.7 cell culture. With green tea flavonoids (in particular, epigallocatechin gallate), the inhibition of 5-alpha-reductase and suppression of proliferative signals in epithelial cells is enhanced, which indicates an additive hormone-modulating interaction. Combined use with Urtica dioica leads to enhanced inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators due to the addition of mechanisms of suppression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. When combined with zinc and selenium, an increase in antioxidant activity and stabilization of cell membranes is observed, due to the synergistic increase in the activity of endogenous enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, catalase). The antimicrobial activity of fireweed extracts is also enhanced when combined with essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), due to the combined destruction of bacterial membranes and suppression of protein synthesis. With respect to neurotropic effects, a modulating effect has been confirmed in combination with passiflorin, where potentiation of action on the GABA-A receptor complex and enhancement of the central sedative effect are observed. In addition, synergy with resveratrol (grape polyphenol) enhances antiproliferative activity at the cellular level due to the combined effect on MAPK and JAK/STAT cascades. Thus, Epilobium angustifolium can be effectively used in multicomponent complexes with targeted potentiation of key anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hormone-modulating, and antimicrobial effects, confirmed both in vitro and in experimental in vivo models.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874117311646
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Epilobium angustifolium

Fireweed has traditionally been used in the folk medicine of the northern, eastern, and central belt of Eurasia, as well as in some regions of North America. The main areas of ethnomedical use cover the territories of the Russian North, Siberia, Karelia, the Baltic States, Eastern Europe, as well as Northwestern Canada and Alaska. In Slavic traditions, the plant is known as "Ivan-tea" and was used as a basis for drinks, infusions, decoctions, and compresses. In the cultures of Russians, Komi, Karelians, and Udmurts, it was used in steam inhalations, brewing in a samovar, preparing a paste, and used in the form of poultices and washes. In Siberian and Ural villages, fireweed was part of multicomponent mixtures, where it played the role of a mild regulator of the state of spirit and body. In the ethnographic tradition of Lapland and Finno-Ugric peoples, it was placed under the pillow on bath day, considering it a plant that promotes purification and restoration. Among the Siberian Evenks, fireweed was considered a "fire herb"; its leaves were used in rituals of protection from the evil eye and strengthening the hunter's spirit. In the Far East and Kamchatka, the Chukchi and Itelmens chewed fresh leaves or dried cakes after roasting, attributing to them the ability to increase strength and endurance. In Tuvan and Buryat folk healing practice, fireweed was used as part of smoking herbs and in rituals of cleansing the home. In the European herbal tradition of the 15th–19th centuries, fireweed is mentioned as a "fire herb" or "forest tea," widely used in the form of decoctions for lotions and washes. The first written record of the use of Epilobium angustifolium dates back to the "Herbal of Piotr Skarga" (1591), where it is recommended in the form of an aqueous infusion. In the 19th century, in Russian practice, the term "Koporye tea" is known — fermented fireweed, which replaced Chinese tea and was used everywhere. Non-medical use includes placing bunches of the plant in the corners of the house for protection from evil spirits, using dry stems in purification hearths during family rituals among the Baltic peoples, and including the plant in knots for strengthening ancestral energy in Belarusian and Polish magical practice. In Canadian Indian traditions, fireweed leaves were used as a chewing agent, and flowers — as part of amulets for newborns. Among the Sami, fireweed was part of a "herbal pillow" used in the ritual of sleep and purification before hunting. Thus, the plant has a centuries-old ethnocultural history of use in food, healing, and ritual practices of the peoples of the north and center of Eurasia, as well as the indigenous population of North America.