Calendula officinalis (Pot Marigold)

Calendula officinalis (Pot Marigold)

Product Name: Календула лекарственная, Calendula officinalis, Ringelblume, Caléndula, Calendule, آذريون, ดาวเรืองฝรั่ง

Synonyms: ноготки, ноготки аптечные, балабанчики, желтяк, кудрявая трава, цветы солнца, календула полевая, календула аптечная, pot marigold, garden marigold, marigold herb, goldblume, gartenringelblume, souci officinal, souci des jardins, caléndula común, caléndula de jardín, زهرة القطيفة, أذريون الحدائق, ดาวเรืองสวน, ดาวเรืองฝรั่ง

Main Indications for the Use of Calendula officinalis: Atrophic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, acute pharyngitis, catarrhal gingivitis, bacterial vulvovaginitis, chronic cystitis, subjective tachycardia, stage I hypertension, primary arterial hypertension, herpetic infection of the skin and mucous membranes, superficial burns of I–II degree, cracked nipples, acne vulgaris, pyoderma, furunculosis, streptoderma, dermatomycosis.

Use of Calendula officinalis in Mixtures and Complexes: Broncho-obstructive syndrome, chronic bronchitis, reflux esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, intestinal dysbiosis, cholelithiasis, hepatic insufficiency, neurodermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, chronic fatigue, stress-induced disorders, sleep disturbance, atherosclerosis, premenstrual syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome.

Pharmacological Properties of Calendula officinalis: Anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, wound-healing, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, spasmolytic, hepatoprotective, sedative, cardiotonic, immunomodulatory, hemostatic, diuretic, choleretic, fungicidal, antitumor, keratoplastic.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Calendula officinalis

Powder — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Powder): Acne vulgaris, superficial first-degree burns, furunculosis, streptoderma, seborrheic dermatitis, skin microtraumas, eczema, neonatal dermatitis, diaper rash, pressure ulcers.

Standard Dosage (Powder): Externally: dusting the affected areas 2 times a day with 0.5–1 gram of powder per application. Course of use — up to 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): In purulent-inflammatory skin diseases and extensive superficial lesions, an increase in frequency to 3 times a day with a dose of up to 1.5 grams per application is allowed. Recommended for complicated pyoderma, dermatomycosis, and herpetic eruptions.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): Up to 2 grams per application, no more than 6 grams per day. Used only under medical supervision for infected ulcerative lesions or trophic ulcers as part of complex therapy.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.3–0.5 grams once a day for 5–7 days for a tendency to diaper rash, microtraumas, for the prevention of skin complications in bedridden patients, in dermatological practice for newborns and the elderly. Repeat courses are possible after 14 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 1 year: 0.2–0.3 grams no more than once a day. Child's weight — at least 9 kilograms. Only external use is considered. Not recommended for children under 12 months without medical supervision.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual hypersensitivity to plants of the Asteraceae family. During pregnancy, lactation, and in early childhood, data on contraindications for external use of the powder have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): Scientifically registered reactions: contact dermatitis, itching, skin flaking when the dosage is exceeded and with prolonged uncontrolled use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): Patients with body weight less than 60 kilograms are recommended to reduce the powder dose to 0.3–0.5 grams per application. Patients over 60 kilograms are allowed standard or enhanced dosage.

Preparation method (Powder): Ingredients: dry flower heads of calendula — 100 grams. Technology: The raw material is dried at a temperature of 35–40 °C in a darkened room with ventilation until absolutely dry. After drying, the flowers are ground in a porcelain mortar or grinder to a uniform fine powder. Sift through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 0.5 mm. Store in a tightly closed container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a dry, darkened place at a temperature of 15 to 25 °C. Avoid exposure to direct light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening, use within 30 days if stored in an airtight container.

Extract — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Extract): Gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis with high acidity, catarrhal gingivitis, bacterial vulvovaginitis, stage I hypertension, herpetic infection of the skin and mucous membranes, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, eczema, superficial burns of I–II degree.

Standard Dosage (Extract): Internal use: 20 drops of aqueous-alcoholic extract, diluted in 100 ml of water, 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals. External use: 1:5 solution for compresses and rinses, 2 times a day. Course — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Extract): In recurrent herpes, exacerbation of gastritis, or inflammatory skin lesions, an increase to 30 drops 3 times a day orally and up to 3 procedures externally is possible. Maximum duration — 21 days. Recommended under specialist supervision.

Maximum Dosage (Extract): Up to 40 drops orally 3 times a day for pronounced inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Externally: undiluted extract pointwise on inflamed skin areas — up to 4 times a day. Maximum course duration — 10 days.

Preventive Dosage (Extract): 10 drops orally diluted once a day for 7–10 days. Recommended for chronic gastritis, a tendency to dermatitis, stage I hypertension, and seasonal exacerbation of herpetic infections. A repeat course is possible after 3 weeks.

Pediatric Dosage (Extract): From 7 years: 5 drops in 50 ml of water once a day orally, course up to 5 days. Externally — 1:10 solution for mouth rinsing or compresses. Child's weight — at least 20 kilograms. Not recommended for children under 7 years without medical supervision.

Contraindications (Extract): Hypersensitivity to plants of the Asteraceae family, pronounced hypotension, bradycardia. Contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered; however, internal use during these periods requires medical consultation. Not recommended for children under 7 years without supervision.

Side Effects (Extract): Nausea, decreased blood pressure, drowsiness, allergic skin reactions when the dosage is exceeded are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Extract): Patients with body weight below 60 kg — oral dosage is reduced to 15 drops, external use at standard concentration. Patients over 60 kg are allowed enhanced dosage with good tolerability.

Preparation method (Extract): Ingredients: dry calendula flowers — 25 grams, purified water — 25 grams, 70% ethanol — 50 grams. Technology: The dry raw material is ground to a fine crumb state. Poured with a mixture of water and alcohol, infused in a tightly closed container at a temperature of 18–22 °C for 10 days, shaking periodically. Strained through multi-layer gauze, filtered. Store in a dark glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Extract): Store at a temperature of 8–15 °C in a dark place. Protect from heat sources and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 1 year. After opening, use within 30 days if stored airtight.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Tincture): Catarrhal gingivitis, stomatitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, chronic tonsillitis, bacterial vulvovaginitis, cracked nipples, cervical erosion, acne vulgaris, infected abrasions and cuts, varicose veins (in the form of lotions), inflammatory skin diseases.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): Mouth and throat rinses — 1 teaspoon of Tincture diluted in 200 ml of warm water, 2–3 times a day. Externally — for lotions and irrigations: dilution 1:5, 2 times a day. Course — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): In pronounced purulent-inflammatory processes (tonsillitis, infected wounds), an increase in the frequency of rinses to 4–5 times a day, dilution 1:3, is allowed. Externally — point application of undiluted tincture to affected areas up to 3 times a day. Course duration — up to 14 days under specialist supervision.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): Up to 5 ml of tincture per 150 ml of water for intensive rinses up to 6 times a day. Externally — up to 3 ml of pure tincture per application up to 4 times a day. Use for more than 14 days without medical supervision is not recommended.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): For the prevention of stomatitis, seasonal ARVI, and recurrent tonsillitis — 1 teaspoon of tincture per 250 ml of water, rinse once a day for 5 days monthly. Also recommended for a tendency to gum inflammation and cracked nipples during lactation (externally).

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): From 5 years: rinsing with 1/2 teaspoon of tincture per 200 ml of water 1–2 times a day. Child's weight — at least 18 kilograms. Externally: 1:10 dilution, once a day. Under 5 years — not recommended without medical supervision.

Contraindications (Tincture): Allergy to plants of the Asteraceae family, tendency to bronchospasm. Internal use during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended. External use — no registered contraindications in these periods. In children under 5 years, used only by prescription.

Side Effects (Tincture): Registered: allergic rashes, burning sensation of the mucosa at high concentration, rare cases of urticaria.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): Patients with body weight less than 60 kg — reduction of tincture concentration to dilution 1:7. Patients over 60 kg are allowed standard or enhanced dosage, in the absence of side reactions.

Preparation method (Tincture): Ingredients: dry calendula flowers — 20 grams, 70% ethanol — 100 ml. Technology: The flowers are ground, placed in a glass container, and poured with alcohol. Infused in a dark place at a temperature of 20–25 °C for 7 days, shaking periodically. After infusion — filtered through gauze, poured into a dark glass bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a tightly stoppered glass container, in a dark, cool place at a temperature not exceeding 20 °C. Avoid exposure to light and EMI. Shelf life — 2 years. After opening — up to 60 days if stored in the refrigerator.

Oil Infusion — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Oil Infusion): Trophic ulcers, cracked nipples, pressure ulcers, dermatitis, burns of I–II degree, dry eczema, skin mycosis, varicose veins, herpetic eruptions, psoriasis, neurodermatitis, inflammations of the external genitalia.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally: application to the affected area 2 times a day, 1–2 ml of infusion per treatment. Course of use — from 7 to 14 days depending on the nature of the lesion.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 3–4 treatments per day for inflammatory dermatoses, infected fissures, and ulcers. Use in the form of compresses soaked in oil infusion, lasting 20–30 minutes, is allowed. Course up to 21 days.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 10 ml per day. Use no more than 3 weeks in a row. Used for recurrent herpes, psoriasis, and severe neurodermatitis as part of combination therapy.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): 1 ml on the skin or mucous membrane area once a day, 5–7 days per month. Recommended for a tendency to dry skin, in elderly patients, in persons with varicose veins, and a tendency to pressure ulcers. Also used in obstetric practice for the prevention of cracked nipples.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 6 months: 0.3–0.5 ml externally once a day, exclusively on limited areas of skin. Child's weight — from 7 kilograms. Do not apply to mucous membranes. In children under 6 months, use is possible only under specialist supervision.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children for external use have not been registered. Do not apply to extensive bleeding wounds and deep burns without supervision.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Local allergic reactions, burning, increased flaking in sensitive skin and with prolonged uncontrolled use are rarely observed.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): For patients up to 60 kg — reduction of the single dose to 1 ml. For body weight over 60 kg — standard or enhanced dosages are acceptable.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): Ingredients: dry calendula flowers — 20 grams, organic cold-pressed olive oil — 80 grams. Technology: The flowers are ground and poured with oil in a glass jar. Infused in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C for 2 hours with periodic stirring. Then infused for another 48 hours in a dark, warm place. After — filtered through cotton cloth and poured into a dark container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a dark glass container at a temperature of 10 to 20 °C, in a place protected from light and EMI. After opening — use within 2 months. Total shelf life — up to 6 months.

Vaginal Suppositories — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Vaginal Suppositories): Bacterial vaginosis, candidal vulvovaginitis, atrophic colpitis, cervical erosion, non-specific cervicitis, post-traumatic vaginal inflammation, mucosal fissures, postoperative conditions in gynecology.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): One suppository (2 grams) vaginally at night, daily for 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): One suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for acute inflammations, bacterial or fungal processes. Duration — 10–14 days. Medical supervision is recommended.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Up to 3 suppositories per day for 5 days in pronounced bacterial or fungal vulvovaginitis, presence of fissures, or postoperative sutures. Do not exceed 6 grams of the drug per day.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): One suppository every other day, course 5–7 procedures, once a quarter. Recommended for women with chronic inflammatory gynecological diseases, a tendency to candidiasis, atrophic colpitis, and in postmenopause.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Not used in girls before the onset of puberty. From 14 years — half a suppository (1 gram) at night, with a body weight of at least 45 kilograms, no more than 5 days.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppositories): Individual intolerance to components. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation for vaginal suppositories have not been registered; however, it is recommended to avoid use in the first trimester of pregnancy. Do not use in active uterine bleeding.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppositories): Scientifically registered: local irritation, increased vaginal discharge, burning sensation, urticaria with hypersensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppositories): Patients with body weight less than 50 kilograms are recommended to use a 1-gram suppository. For weight over 60 kilograms, standard or enhanced dosages are acceptable.

Preparation method (Vaginal Suppositories): Ingredients per 100 grams of the drug: aqueous-alcoholic calendula extract — 10 grams, cocoa butter — 85 grams, beeswax — 5 grams. Technology: Cocoa butter is melted in a water bath to 40 °C. Calendula extract is added, then crushed wax is introduced, thoroughly mixed until homogeneous. Poured into suppository molds of 2 grams. Cooled until solidified at a temperature of 6–8 °C.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppositories): Store at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C, in the original packaging, protected from light. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening the package, use within 10 days. Do not expose to heat and EMI.

Rectal Suppositories — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Rectal Suppositories): Proctitis, anal fissures, hemorrhoids (external and internal), postoperative conditions of the rectum, chronic colitis, anal itching, inflammation of the rectal mucosa.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): One suppository (2 grams) rectally once a day, preferably at night, in a course of 7 to 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): One suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for pronounced inflammation, fissures, or exacerbation of hemorrhoids. Course duration — up to 14 days under medical supervision.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): Up to 3 suppositories per day (6 grams) for 5 days in pronounced pain syndrome, acute anal fissures, or after surgical interventions on the rectum. Only under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): One suppository 2 times a week for 1 month. Indicated for patients with chronic hemorrhoids, recurrent anal fissures, as well as for a sedentary lifestyle and postoperative recovery.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): From 6 years — 1 gram (half a suppository) once a day for no more than 5 days. Child's weight — at least 20 kilograms. In children under 6 years, not recommended without a doctor's prescription.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppositories): Individual hypersensitivity. Do not use in active rectal bleeding. Contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered; however, use only with a doctor's permission.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppositories): Scientifically described rare cases of local irritation, increased pain in the area of administration with pronounced fissures, and allergic reactions.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppositories): Patients with body weight less than 60 kilograms are recommended to reduce the dose to 1 gram per administration. The standard dosage is used for body weight over 60 kilograms.

Preparation method (Rectal Suppositories): Ingredients per 100 grams of the drug: aqueous-alcoholic calendula extract — 10 grams, cocoa butter — 85 grams, beeswax — 5 grams. Technology: Cocoa butter is melted to 40 °C in a water bath. Calendula extract is introduced, then wax is added. The mixture is thoroughly mixed and poured into molds weighing 2 grams. Cooled until solidified at a temperature of 6–8 °C.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppositories): Store at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C, in a place protected from light, in airtight packaging. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 10 days, do not expose to heat or EMI.

Nasal Drops — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Nasal Drops): Acute and chronic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, sinusitis, rhinopharyngitis, postoperative edema of the nasal mucosa, allergic rhinitis (outside exacerbation), prevention of upper respiratory tract infections.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1–2 drops in each nostril 2–3 times a day. Course duration — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2–3 drops in each nostril 4 times a day for pronounced edema, recurrent sinusitis, or exacerbation of vasomotor rhinitis. Course no more than 10 days. Preferably under medical supervision.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): Up to 4 drops in each nostril up to 5 times a day for acute inflammations or after surgical interventions on the nasal septum. Maximum duration — 5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop once a day in each nostril, course — 7 days at the beginning of the ARVI season or for frequent colds. Recommended for patients with chronic rhinitis, allergic conditions, and also after prolonged use of vasoconstrictors.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): From 2 years — 1 drop in each nostril 1–2 times a day. Child's weight — at least 12 kilograms. Under 2 years — only by doctor's prescription and in a 1:1 dilution with boiled water.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Allergic reaction to plants of the Asteraceae family. Pronounced nasal hypersecretion. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood have not been registered for local use.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Rarely: burning sensation in the nose, sneezing, mucosal hyperemia. With overdose, reflex rhinitis or increased secretion is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): Up to 60 kilograms — preferably use minimal doses (1 drop). Patients with body weight over 60 kilograms are allowed standard and enhanced regimens.

Preparation method (Nasal Drops): Ingredients per 100 ml: aqueous calendula extract — 50 ml, saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride) — 50 ml. Technology: Aqueous extract is obtained from 10 grams of dry flowers per 100 ml of boiled water (infuse for 6 hours, then filter). Mixed with saline solution in equal proportions. Poured into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8 °C, protected from light and EMI. After opening — use within 7 days. Total shelf life — up to 30 days under sterile conditions.

Ear Drops — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Ear Drops): External otitis, eczema of the ear canal, earwax plug (in the softening stage), itching and inflammation of the auricle, injuries to the ear canal skin, irritation after using hearing aids.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2–3 drops in the external auditory canal 2 times a day. Course of use — from 5 to 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3–4 drops 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation, edema, itching, or weeping in the area of the external auditory canal. Soaking a turunda and inserting it for 1 hour is allowed. Course — up to 10 days under medical supervision.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): Up to 5 drops 4 times a day for 5 days. Used for purulent forms of external otitis or eczematous lesions of the ear canal skin, provided there is no perforation of the eardrum.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop once a day for 5 days after water procedures, in the prevention of irritation from hearing aids, and with frequent use of headphones. Also recommended for people with a narrow ear canal prone to itching and microtraumas.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 3 years — 1–2 drops once a day. Child's weight — from 15 kilograms. Use is allowed only after excluding damage to the eardrum. Under 3 years — only by doctor's prescription.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the eardrum, allergy to components, pronounced ear exudation. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood for external use have not been registered.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Short-term burning, itching, irritation of the ear canal. With overdose — skin maceration and worsening of eczema.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): Up to 60 kilograms — use 1–2 drops. For body weight over 60 kilograms, standard and enhanced dosage is allowed.

Preparation method (Ear Drops): Ingredients per 100 ml: calendula oil infusion — 100 ml. Technology: Dry calendula flowers (20 grams) are infused in olive oil (80 grams) in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C for 2 hours, then kept for 48 hours in the dark. Filtered through cloth. The resulting liquid is poured into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 8–15 °C. After opening — use within 14 days. Total shelf life — up to 6 months in tightly stoppered containers, protected from light and EMI.

Ointment — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Ointment): Superficial burns of I–II degree, furunculosis, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis (including contact and allergic), skin fissures, varicose inflammation, pressure ulcers, infected abrasions, cracked nipples in nursing mothers.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer to the affected skin area 2 times a day. Course — 7–10 days. Does not require dressing.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): For inflammation with weeping, itching, and pronounced hyperemia — up to 3 times a day with the application of a sterile gauze bandage. Course — up to 14 days. Can be combined with treatment with calendula infusion.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 4 applications per day, on extensive skin areas — no more than 50 grams of ointment per day. Use for 21 days is allowed only under medical supervision for chronic dermatitis or complicated psoriasis.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once a day on skin areas prone to irritation and dryness — elbows, heels, the area around wounds. Course — 5 days every 3 weeks. Recommended for elderly patients, patients with varicose veins and diabetic skin.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 6 months — once a day, no more than 1 gram on an area up to 5×5 cm. Used for diaper rash, irritation, and fissures. Child's weight — at least 7 kilograms. Do not apply to mucous membranes.

Contraindications (Ointment): Individual intolerance, deep purulent wounds, active exudation, hypersensitivity to oil-based preparations. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Ointment): Rarely: local irritation, redness, itching. With overdose — skin maceration and increased inflammation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): Up to 60 kilograms — reduce the daily dose of ointment to 5–10 grams. Above 60 kilograms — standard or enhanced regimens are allowed.

Preparation method (Ointment): Ingredients per 100 grams: calendula oil infusion — 40 grams, beeswax — 10 grams, lanolin — 30 grams, shea butter — 20 grams. Technology: In a water bath at a temperature of 50 °C, melt the shea butter, add lanolin, wax, and mix until homogeneous. Remove from heat, add the oil infusion, mix. Cool to 30 °C, pour into sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in a tightly closed glass container, in a cool and dark place at a temperature of 6–10 °C. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days. Do not allow heating and exposure to EMI.

Cream — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Cream): Atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, dry eczema, skin irritation and flaking, cracked heels and elbows, chapped facial skin, prevention of wrinkles, care for sensitive skin under stress and polluted air conditions.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply 1–2 times a day to clean skin in a thin layer. Recommended as day and night care. Course — from 5 to 10 days for therapeutic purposes or on an ongoing basis for prevention.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Up to 3 times a day for pronounced dryness, flaking, and irritation. Application under a gauze bandage in the area of fissures or hyperkeratosis is allowed. Course duration — up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Up to 5 applications per day on limited areas. Volume — no more than 30 grams per day. Allowed for severe skin dryness, in persons with an allergic background, or under exposure to extreme temperatures.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Once a day after evening washing. Course — 10 days each month. Suitable for persons with sensitive, aging, as well as combination skin. Can be used on the skin of newborns from 6 months — without fragrances.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): From 6 months — apply once a day, volume no more than 0.5 grams on a skin area up to 10×10 cm. Child's weight — at least 7 kilograms. Do not apply to mucous membranes, do not combine with greenhouse effect (under film).

Contraindications (Cream): Allergy to components, acute purulent skin processes. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Cream): Rare cases of contact allergy, mild itching, feeling of skin tightness with intolerance to oils.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): Patients with body weight up to 60 kilograms are recommended to use up to 10 grams of cream per day. Patients above 60 kilograms — up to 20 grams per day.

Preparation method (Cream): Ingredients per 100 grams: aqueous calendula extract — 30 grams, calendula oil infusion — 20 grams, jojoba oil — 10 grams, beeswax — 5 grams, rose hydrolate — 25 grams, vegetable emulsifier (cetyl alcohol) — 10 grams. Technology: Prepare the oil phase (infusion, jojoba, wax, emulsifier), heat to 70 °C. Heat the aqueous phase (extract, hydrolate) to the same temperature. Combine with continuous stirring. Whip to a creamy consistency. Cool, package.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature of 4 to 10 °C in a tightly closed container, in the dark, away from EMI. Shelf life — up to 3 months. After opening — use within 20 days.

Lotion — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Lotion): Oily and problem skin, adolescent acne, pore inflammation, rosacea (outside exacerbation), skin irritation after shaving, seborrheic dermatitis, mild sunburns, prevention of inflammation after depilation.

Standard Dosage (Lotion): Wipe the skin with a cotton pad moistened with lotion, 2 times a day — morning and evening. Course — 10 days. With a persistent effect, it can be used as a daily hygiene product.

Enhanced Dosage (Lotion): Up to 3–4 applications per day, including pointwise on inflamed elements. Recommended for acute acne and irritation of the facial and neck skin. Duration — no more than 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Lotion): Up to 5 treatments per day, including in the form of lotions on problem areas. No more than 30 ml of lotion per day. Use for oily seborrhea of the scalp is possible in the form of wiping.

Preventive Dosage (Lotion): Once a day in the evening, course — 7–10 days monthly. Recommended for adolescents during puberty, patients with oily and combination skin, as well as in hot climates.

Pediatric Dosage (Lotion): From 10 years — once a day, only pointwise, volume — no more than 2 ml per day. Do not use in children with dry or sensitive skin. Weight — at least 25 kilograms.

Contraindications (Lotion): Dry skin with impaired barrier, allergy to components, active stage of rosacea. Do not use for deep acne with suppuration. Contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Lotion): Rarely: dry skin, feeling of tightness, flaking. With overdose, reactive hyperemia is possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Lotion): Patients with body weight up to 60 kilograms are recommended not to exceed a volume of 10 ml per day. For weight above 60 kilograms, all dosages are allowed.

Preparation method (Lotion): Ingredients per 100 ml: aqueous-alcoholic calendula extract — 50 ml, chamomile hydrolate — 30 ml, sage infusion — 10 ml, natural apple cider vinegar (6%) — 5 ml, purified water — 5 ml. Technology: All components are combined in a glass container and thoroughly mixed. Filtered through sterile gauze and poured into bottles with a dispenser.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Lotion): Store at a temperature of 4 to 10 °C in a place protected from light. After opening, use within 20 days. Total shelf life — up to 3 months. Avoid contact with metal objects.

Hydrolate — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Hydrolate): Sensitive and inflamed skin, couperose, mild sunburn, irritation after shaving, dry skin in low humidity conditions, toning of mature skin, baby skin care, irritation of the eyelids and the area around the eyes.

Standard Dosage (Hydrolate): Spray on the skin 1–2 times a day after washing. Can be applied with a cotton pad as a toner. Course — 10–14 days. Does not require rinsing.

Enhanced Dosage (Hydrolate): Up to 4 sprays per day for irritation, itching, and flaking of the skin. Used in the form of compresses on inflamed areas, including the eyelid area. Use for up to 21 days is possible without risk with normal tolerability.

Maximum Dosage (Hydrolate): No restrictions on the number of applications to the skin, provided there is no irritation reaction. Up to 50 ml per day can be used for dermatological procedures, burns, or post-peeling care.

Preventive Dosage (Hydrolate): Once a day in the morning or evening, course — 7 days per month. Suitable for the prevention of skin irritation in infants, sensitive facial skin in adolescents, as well as in climatic conditions with increased insolation.

Pediatric Dosage (Hydrolate): From birth — 1–2 sprays on the skin, including the diaper area. Child's weight does not matter. Used without additives of alcohol and preservatives.

Contraindications (Hydrolate): None. Hydrolate is recognized as safe for pregnant, lactating, and newborns. Individual intolerance is possible — a skin test is recommended.

Side Effects (Hydrolate): In rare cases — a feeling of tightness, mild redness, quickly passing.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Hydrolate): Not required. Hydrolate is used exclusively externally in volumes that do not affect systemic absorption.

Preparation method (Hydrolate): Ingredients per 100 ml: fresh calendula flowers — 150 grams, purified water — 150 ml. Technology: The flowers are poured with water and distilled by steam distillation for 90 minutes at a temperature not exceeding 100 °C. The hydrolate fraction is collected, separated from the essential oil (if formed). Poured into sterile spray bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Hydrolate): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C. Avoid exposure to sunlight. After opening, use within 30 days. Total shelf life — 6 months in an airtight container.

Compress — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Compress): Trophic ulcers, inflamed wounds, infected abrasions, purulent skin rashes, superficial burns of I–II degree, skin fissures, dermatitis with weeping, soft tissue lymphedema, bruises with edema, varicose inflammation, mastitis in the initial stage.

Standard Dosage (Compress): A gauze compress soaked in a calendula solution (1:5 based on aqueous infusion or extract) is applied to the cleansed skin area once a day for 20–30 minutes. Course — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Compress): Compresses 2–3 times a day for purulent-inflammatory skin lesions, ulcers, and infiltrates. Duration of each procedure — up to 1 hour. Total course — up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Compress): Up to 4 compresses per day for severe ulcerative and inflammatory conditions. Duration of each procedure — up to 90 minutes. Do not use for longer than 14 days without specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Compress): 1 compress every 2–3 days (15–20 minutes) for 2 weeks. Indicated for a tendency to skin fissures on the heels and elbows, in patients with varicose veins, in dry climates, and during prolonged standing or leg strain.

Pediatric Dosage (Compress): From 3 years — 1 compress per day lasting 10–15 minutes. An aqueous infusion at a concentration of 1:10 is used. Weight — from 15 kilograms. Do not use for weeping wounds and without medical supervision.

Contraindications (Compress): Allergic reaction to plants of the Asteraceae family. Do not use for extensive open wounds, purulent-necrotic processes, or tumor formations. Contraindications for pregnant, nursing, and children with external use of aqueous forms have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Compress): Possible: contact dermatitis, burning, increased itching in the application area with overdose or individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Compress): Patients with body weight up to 60 kg are recommended to reduce the compress area and shorten the exposure time to 15–20 minutes. Standard regimens are used for patients over 60 kg.

Preparation method (Compress): Ingredients per 100 ml of solution: dry calendula flowers — 10 grams, purified water — 100 ml. Technology: The flowers are poured with boiling water and infused under a lid for 30 minutes, strained. Gauze (four-layer) is soaked in the warm infusion, squeezed to a damp state, and applied to the affected area. If necessary, fixed with a bandage.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Compress): The prepared infusion should be used within 12 hours at room temperature or up to 24 hours when stored in the refrigerator (4–6 °C). Not subject to freezing. Repeated heating is not allowed.

Oral Rinse — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Oral Rinse): Catarrhal gingivitis, aphthous stomatitis, periodontosis, periodontitis, post-extraction inflammation, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, postoperative oral care, leukoplakia, xerostomia (dry mucosa), ulcerative-necrotic processes.

Standard Dosage (Oral Rinse): Rinse the oral cavity and throat 3 times a day with a solution: 1 tablespoon of alcoholic or aqueous infusion per 200 ml of warm boiled water. Duration of each procedure — at least 30 seconds. Course — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oral Rinse): Up to 5 rinses per day with a solution of increased concentration (1:3), especially for pronounced inflammation, bleeding gums, or after dental surgeries. Course up to 10 days under medical supervision.

Maximum Dosage (Oral Rinse): Rinses every 2–3 hours (up to 8 procedures per day) with a 1:2 solution for pronounced ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis or postoperative inflammations. Duration — no more than 5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Oral Rinse): 1 rinse per day with a 1:10 solution, course — 7 days every 2 months. Indicated for chronic gingivitis, a tendency to gum inflammation, in patients with orthodontic appliances or dentures, and in conditions of reduced immunity.

Pediatric Dosage (Oral Rinse): From 4 years — rinses with a 1:15 solution, volume — 50–100 ml, once a day. Weight — from 17 kilograms. Under 4 years — not recommended due to the risk of aspiration.

Contraindications (Oral Rinse): Allergy to components. Do not use for bleeding of unknown origin without diagnosis. During pregnancy and lactation — allowed externally, do not swallow. In children, use under adult supervision.

Side Effects (Oral Rinse): Rare: burning sensation, bitterness, short-term numbness of the tongue or mucosa at high concentration. With overdose — mucosal irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oral Rinse): For body weight less than 60 kg, the solution concentration should not exceed 1:10, volume — up to 100 ml. Standard dosages are allowed for body weight over 60 kg.

Preparation method (Oral Rinse): Ingredients per 100 ml: aqueous calendula infusion — 50 ml, sage infusion — 30 ml, purified water — 20 ml. Technology: Calendula flowers (10 grams) and sage leaves (5 grams) are poured with 200 ml of boiling water, infused for 30 minutes, filtered. Mixed in the indicated proportions. The solution is used warm.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oral Rinse): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8 °C. After preparation — use within 24 hours. Not subject to freezing. Warm to body temperature before use.

Baths (Sitz, Hand, Foot) — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Baths): Anal fissures, hemorrhoids, vulvovaginitis, cystitis, prostatitis (in combination), pressure ulcers, perineal dermatitis, foot sweating and fissures, fungal infections of nails and skin, hand injuries, hand fissures and dryness, varicose inflammation, leg fatigue.

Standard Dosage (Baths): Sitz baths: 500 ml of strong aqueous infusion (1:10) per 3–4 liters of warm water, temperature 36–38 °C, duration — 10–15 minutes, once a day. Hand and foot baths: 300 ml of infusion per 2–3 liters of water, 15–20 minutes, 1–2 times a day. Course — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Baths): An infusion of 1:5 concentration is used, the volume of infusion is 1 liter per 3 liters of water. Use 2 times a day for pronounced inflammation, itching, edema, and fissures. Duration of each procedure — up to 25 minutes. Course — up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Baths): Up to 2 liters of concentrated infusion (1:3) per 2 liters of water, no more than 2 times a day and no more than 30 minutes per procedure. Only under medical supervision, especially for anal fissures, purulent wounds, and vulvovaginitis with profuse discharge.

Preventive Dosage (Baths): Sitz baths — once a week, infusion 1:15, 10 minutes. Hand/foot — 1–2 times a week. Recommended for a tendency to genital inflammations, varicose veins, fungal foot infections, and professional hand or foot strain (masseurs, cooks, medical workers).

Pediatric Dosage (Baths): From 1 year — 1 tablespoon of dry flowers per 500 ml of water, per 5 liters of bath water. Temperature — 35–36 °C. Duration — 5–7 minutes. Weight — from 9 kilograms. Use only for external indications.

Contraindications (Baths): Individual hypersensitivity, acute purulent skin lesions, internal bleeding, high body temperature, skin diseases in the acute stage. For pregnant women and children, external use is not contraindicated.

Side Effects (Baths): Rare: skin itching, redness, rash, burning sensation. With overdose and high concentration — skin maceration.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Baths): For body weight up to 60 kg, the volume of infusion is reduced to 250–300 ml per 3–4 liters of water. For weight above 60 kg, standard and enhanced dosages are acceptable.

Preparation method (Baths): Ingredients per 1 liter of infusion: dry calendula flowers — 50 grams, boiled water — 1000 ml. Technology: The flowers are poured with boiling water, infused for 40 minutes under a lid, filtered. Used immediately after preparation, heated to body temperature. For a bath, add to the prepared volume of water and mix.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Baths): The infusion can be stored for no more than 12 hours at a temperature of 4–8 °C in an airtight glass container. Before use, warm to 36–38 °C. Reuse of the infusion is not allowed. Do not freeze.

Face/Body Mask — Calendula officinalis

Indications (Face/Body Mask): Acne vulgaris, post-acne, inflamed skin elements, enlarged pores, oily and combination skin, couperose (outside exacerbation), irritation after epilation, seborrheic dermatitis, flaking and roughening of the skin of elbows, knees, and décolleté area.

Standard Dosage (Face/Body Mask): Apply a thick layer to cleansed facial or body skin once every 2 days for 15–20 minutes. Rinse with warm water. Course — 7 procedures.

Enhanced Dosage (Face/Body Mask): Use daily for 5 days in a row for inflammation, rashes, and oily skin shine. Leave on the skin for up to 30 minutes. Local application to inflamed areas 2 times a day is possible.

Maximum Dosage (Face/Body Mask): 2 applications per day: morning — pointwise on inflamed areas, evening — general mask. Duration — no more than 7 days. When applied to the body — no more than 50 grams of mask per day.

Preventive Dosage (Face/Body Mask): 1 mask per week, in a course of 4–6 procedures. Suitable for oily and combination skin, in the premenstrual period in women, adolescents during hormonal fluctuations, and persons with polluted skin (city, heat).

Pediatric Dosage (Face/Body Mask): From 10 years — pointwise on problem areas once every 3 days, course up to 5 procedures. Weight — from 25 kilograms. Do not apply to the entire face, avoid the eye and lip area.

Contraindications (Face/Body Mask): Individual intolerance, pronounced dry skin, active stage of rosacea, open purulent elements. During pregnancy and lactation, external use is allowed.

Side Effects (Face/Body Mask): Rarely — itching, feeling of tightness, flaking. If the exposure time is exceeded, dry skin and redness are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Face/Body Mask): Adjustment is not required; the volume of application depends on the area of the application zone, not on body weight.

Preparation method (Face/Body Mask): Ingredients per 100 grams: calendula powder — 20 grams, green (or white) clay — 40 grams, calendula hydrolate — 30 ml, natural honey — 5 grams, grape seed oil — 5 ml. Technology: Calendula powder and clay are thoroughly mixed. Hydrolate is poured in, mixed until a paste is obtained. Honey and oil are added, brought to a homogeneous consistency. Store in a tightly stoppered glass jar.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Face/Body Mask): Store at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C, in a dark place, away from EMI. Shelf life — up to 7 days after preparation. Mix before use. After opening, use within 3 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Calendula officinalis

Studies of the toxicological profile of calendula (Calendula officinalis) have shown a high level of biosafety with external and internal use. Experimental data on animals confirm the absence of acute toxic effects when using standard and therapeutic dosages of calendula extracts.

The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) upon oral administration of aqueous calendula extract in rats is more than 5,000 mg/kg body weight, which classifies the drug as practically non-toxic (according to the Hodge and Sterner scale — toxicity class V). With intravenous administration of alcoholic extract, the LD₅₀ exceeds 2000 mg/kg, which also corresponds to a low level of acute toxicity.

In chronic toxicity studies, no pathological changes in the liver, kidneys, heart, or reproductive system were observed when extracts were used for 90 days. Immunohistochemical analysis did not reveal mutagenic or carcinogenic effects. Allergic reactions have been recorded only with individual intolerance to representatives of the Asteraceae family.

Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Pharmacodynamics — Calendula officinalis

The pharmacodynamic activity of calendula is due to a complex of biologically active compounds, including flavonoids, triterpene saponins, carotenoids, essential oils, and polysaccharides. These components realize effects mainly at the local and systemic levels. The main pharmacological direction is a modulating effect on inflammatory and oxidative cascades, which is expressed in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and regulation of the activity of macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells.

Flavonoids and saponins demonstrate the ability to stabilize cell membranes and reduce vascular wall permeability, which determines the anti-exudative and vasoprotective effects. Carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds participate in the neutralization of reactive oxygen species, realizing antioxidant activity, mainly in the skin, mucous membranes, and endothelium.

Calendula essential oils act at the level of receptor structures of mucous membranes and skin, exerting local antimicrobial, reparative, and moderate sedative effects. Plant polysaccharides stimulate non-specific immune reactivity, affecting innate defense mechanisms. Targets of pharmacodynamic action are the systems of the skin, mucous membranes, gastrointestinal tract, immune, and vascular systems.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Pharmacokinetics — Calendula officinalis

The pharmacokinetic properties of calendula depend on the form of administration and the chemical nature of the components. Upon oral use of extracts, the main absorption occurs in the proximal parts of the small intestine, where flavonoids and triterpene glycosides undergo hydrolysis and absorption with the participation of microflora. These compounds undergo a phase of primary metabolism in the liver with the participation of CYP450 enzymes and conjugation with glucuronic acid. The main route of metabolite excretion is renal, to a lesser extent — with bile.

With transdermal or local use, absorption is limited by the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Substances with lipophilicity (essential oils, carotenoids) are able to penetrate into the deep layers of the dermis, where they exert a local effect. Polysaccharides with external use act at the level of skin receptors, without penetrating into the systemic circulation.

When applied to mucous membranes (vaginally, rectally, nasally), partial systemic absorption with minimal metabolic change is possible, which determines a moderate overall effect. Biotransformation of active substances occurs with the participation of the liver, and excretion occurs mainly through the kidneys and intestines. Data on the accumulation of active substances in tissues have not been recorded.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Calendula officinalis

Calendula contains biologically active substances, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids (mainly quercetin derivatives), polysaccharides, and essential oils. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm that flavonoids inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX), reducing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. This provides an anti-inflammatory and anti-exudative effect, especially pronounced with local application.

Carotenoids and phenolic compounds demonstrate activation of antioxidant enzyme systems (including superoxide dismutase and catalase), which contributes to the neutralization of ROS and protection of cell membranes. Essential oils, in particular mono- and sesquiterpenes, modulate ion channels and interact with TRP receptors of the skin and mucous membranes, which explains their moderate analgesic and sedative effect.

Calendula polysaccharides activate macrophages and increase the expression of surface receptors involved in phagocytosis, which mediates non-specific immunomodulatory action. The participation of calendula in the regulation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways has also been described, which confirms its ability to modulate cellular inflammatory responses.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Synergy — Calendula officinalis

Pharmacological synergy of calendula has been confirmed in combination with chamomile, sage, and oak bark. In these combinations, the anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and reparative effects are enhanced. Combined use with sage exerts a potentiating effect on antimicrobial activity through additive suppression of cytokine expression and activation of neutrophils.

Combination with phenolic compounds (for example, from green tea or propolis) demonstrates a modulating effect on antioxidant enzyme cascades. In combination with echinacea, an addition of immunomodulatory action is observed, mainly at the level of innate immunity.

Mechanisms of synergy include joint action on NF-κB, COX-2, and cytokine expression.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Calendula officinalis

Calendula, known in various cultures as "marigold," "flowers of the sun," or "golden herb," is one of the most widespread and ethnobotanically significant plants in Europe, Asia, North Africa, and Latin America. Its historical and medical use can be traced over more than two millennia, starting from the ancient Mediterranean, where the plant was mentioned in the works of Dioscorides and Pliny the Elder as a healing remedy for the skin, wounds, and general strengthening of the body.

In the tradition of Slavic herbalism, calendula occupied a prominent place as a plant with "cleansing" power. It was used in the form of infusions, decoctions, lotions, and oil extracts for skin, hair, and mucous membrane care. Infusion of flowers was used externally for washing, as a symbol of female purity and protection from the evil eye. In Russian folk healing practice, calendula was considered a plant that harmonizes "internal heat" and was often part of mixtures used on Ivan Kupala Day.

In European folk medicine, calendula has been used since the Middle Ages: in France, Germany, and England it was grown in monastery gardens and used in the form of infusions, ointments, and plaster dressings. In the Hispano-Arab tradition, the plant was considered cooling and soothing; it was added to baths, compresses, and ritual ointments. In North Africa, calendula was used as a plant for washing the eyes, protecting the skin from the sun, and partly in women's hygiene practice.

In Tibetan and Mongolian medicine, calendula was part of multicomponent mixtures, where it was used in combination with saffron, myrrh, and Rhodiola. Here it was attributed the properties of "soothing blood and wind." In Indian folk medicine (including some directions of Ayurveda), calendula was used less frequently, but in the northern regions of India, its decoctions were used for ablutions and as a ritual component of cleansing actions.

In Latin America, calendula became widespread after Spanish colonization. In Mexican and Peruvian ethnic traditions, its flowers were used for mouth rinsing, wraps, and as a talisman. Among the Andean peoples, the plant symbolized protection and vitality, and was used in home altars and fumigations. In the culture of the indigenous peoples of Bolivia and Chile, calendula was often included in ritual wreaths and was considered a "female" plant.

In Thailand, calendula is known as an ornamental and ritual plant, especially in Buddhist temples, where its flowers are used in offerings. Although it does not occupy such a central place in Thai traditional medicine, it is used in folk cosmetic practices as a skin-cleansing agent. Calendula also had non-medical use: in European and Balkan rituals, its threads were woven into wreaths and belts as protection from the evil eye; in the German tradition, the leaves were used in herbal pillows for sleep. In magical systems of the 19th century, calendula was considered a plant that enhances dreams and foresight, especially when burned in combination with frankincense and rosemary. Thus, calendula is a plant with deep historical and cultural roots, occupying an important place not only in medical but also in spiritual and ritual practices of various peoples of the world.