​Quercus Infectoria (Aleppo Oak / Gall Oak)

Quercus Infectoria (Aleppo Oak / Gall Oak)

Product Name: Дуб красильный, Quercus infectoria, Gallapfel-Eiche, Roble de agalla, Chêne à galles, بلوط الصباغة, มะกอกเกาลัดน้ำ, Bo‘yoq eman, Бояу эмені, Palıd boyaq, Дуби буёк, Dažomasis ąžuolas, Krāsošanas ozols, Дуб красильний, Boyayıcı meşe, אלון הצביעה

Synonyms: дуб чернильный, дуб малазийский, дуб галльский, чернильные орешки, чернильный дуб, gall oak, dye oak, Aleppo oak, ink oak, Gallae oak, Färber-Eiche, Galläpfelbaum, roble de tinta, roble de agallas, chêne de teinture, بلوط الحبر, بلوط الغال, ต้นโอ๊คฝาด, โอ๊คฝาด, дуб боярышный, มะกอกโอ๊ก, بلوط الصباغ, بلوط حلبي

Parts used: galls, leaves, bark, shoots, wood, acorns, flowers, pollen, seeds, buds, young shoots, pith, wood extract, galls.

Main indications for the use of Quercus infectoria: Herpetic stomatitis, chronic gingivitis, ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis, bacterial vaginosis, cervical erosion, acute hemorrhoids, chronic proctitis, anal fissures, hyperhidrosis, tinea pedis, pyoderma, trophic ulcer of the lower extremities, purulent otitis, adenoiditis, acute pharyngitis, gastric ulcer, infectious diarrhea, acute enteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic colitis, bladder inflammation, urethritis, periodontitis, fungal skin lesions, diaper rash, first- and second-degree burns, eczematous rashes.

Use of Quercus infectoria in mixtures and complexes: Varicose veins of the lower extremities, chronic venous insufficiency, iron deficiency anemia, intestinal dysbiosis, postoperative inflammations of mucous membranes, nonspecific urethritis, vaginal candidiasis, post-radiation proctitis, acne, demodicosis, vulgar papules, purulent furuncles, long-healing wounds, postoperative scars, erosive gastritis, enterocolitis of mixed etiology.

Pharmacological properties of Quercus infectoria: astringent, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, reparative, anti-edematous, local anesthetic, keratoplastic, immunomodulatory, insecticidal, tanning, hepatoprotective, wound-healing, antipruritic, adsorbent, antidiarrheal, capillary-strengthening, antihemorrhoidal, anticandidal, antimicrobial.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Quercus infectoria

Powder — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Powder): Herpetic stomatitis, chronic gingivitis, ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis, bacterial vaginosis, cervical erosion, anal fissures, pyoderma, trophic ulcer of the lower extremities, diaper rash, eczematous rashes.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 0.5 grams of powder applied externally to affected areas of the skin or mucous membrane 2 times a day. In dentistry — in the form of applications, 2 times a day for 10 minutes.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1 gram of powder applied to a gauze bandage and fixed on a trophic ulcer, burn, or eczematous surface up to 3 times a day. Used for pyogenic skin infections, deep ulcerative lesions, and fissures of the mucous membrane.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): No more than 3 grams of powder per day over the entire body area. Permissible for multiple foci of pyoderma, ulcerative proctitis, and anal fissures in the inflammatory stage.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.25 grams once a day in the form of dusting powder or dry compress. Recommended for a tendency to skin maceration, chronic dermatitis, hyperhidrosis, for patients with diabetes, varicose veins, and weakened immunity.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 3 years, with a body weight from 15 kilograms — 0.1 grams of powder no more than once a day externally. Used for diaper rash, non-infected ulcers, and allergic rashes. Independent of the child's gender.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual intolerance to tannins. Do not apply to open purulent wounds. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood have been registered.

Side Effects (Powder): Scientifically registered effects in case of overdose: contact dermatitis, dryness and peeling of the epithelium, urticaria in the application area.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): For body weight less than 60 kg — reduce the dosage by 25%. For body weight more than 90 kg, an increase in the daily dosage to 4 grams is permissible under the control of skin reaction.

Preparation method (Powder): To prepare 100 grams of powder, take 100 grams of dry galls of Quercus infectoria. Crush manually in a ceramic mortar to a coarse crumb state. Then grind to powder on a stone mill or in an electric mill with ceramic blades. Sieve through a 120 µm sieve. Package in a light-proof glass jar with a ground stopper.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a tightly closed dark glass container at a temperature of 5 to 25 degrees Celsius, in a dry place without access to sunlight and sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 24 months. After opening the package, use within 3 months.

Dry Extract — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Dry Extract): Infectious diarrhea, acute enteritis, chronic colitis, gastric ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, bladder inflammation, urethritis, purulent otitis, acute pharyngitis.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 100 milligrams of dry extract dissolved in 50 milliliters of warm water and taken orally 2 times a day, 30 minutes before meals. In the form of inhalations — 0.2 grams of extract per 100 ml of boiling water once a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 200 milligrams of dry extract orally 3 times a day for exacerbation of gastric ulcer, severe irritable bowel syndrome, and pronounced otitis with purulent exudate.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 800 milligrams per day. Recommended short-term (no more than 5 days) for acute bacterial enteritis and diarrhea with signs of intoxication.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 50 milligrams of extract once a day in the morning, in courses of 10 days each month. Indicated for chronic colitis, gastritis, for patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders, and frequent colds.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): From 6 years and body weight from 20 kg — 25 milligrams of extract once a day, dissolved in 50 milliliters of water. Not recommended for children under 6 years due to the risk of mucosal irritation.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Ulcerative bleeding, severe forms of colitis with necrosis, exacerbation of duodenal ulcer. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood have been registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): In case of overdose: nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, constipation, and increased symptoms of gastritis are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): For body weight less than 60 kg — use a dosage 30% lower. For body weight over 90 kg — an increase in dosage by 25% is permissible in the absence of side reactions.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): Take 500 grams of ground galls of Quercus infectoria, pour with 1 liter of purified water, extract at a temperature of 80 degrees Celsius for 3 hours under a lid. Cool, strain. Evaporate to a volume of 250 milliliters. Dry in a drying chamber at a temperature of 45 degrees to obtain a dry residue. Grind the resulting extract into powder.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in a tightly closed glass jar in a dry dark place at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees Celsius. Protect from moisture and sunlight. Shelf life — 18 months. After opening, use within 2 months.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Tincture): Chronic gingivitis, herpetic stomatitis, ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis, cervical erosion, bacterial vaginosis, chronic pharyngitis, adenoiditis, tinea pedis, pyoderma.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops in 50 ml of water for mouthwash 2 times a day. For external use — 1 part tincture to 5 parts water in the form of lotions 2–3 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 15 drops in 30 ml of water for rinsing 3 times a day for purulent mucosal inflammations. Lotions without dilution 2 times a day on limited skin areas for pyoderma, fungal infection, and mycotic erosion.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops orally per day, up to 3 times a day for severe chronic oropharyngeal inflammation, ulcerative stomatitis, and fungal skin lesions. Only in the absence of allergic reactions.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 5 drops in 50 ml of water for rinsing once a day. Recommended for chronic gingivitis, recurrent stomatitis, and seasonal exacerbations of ENT pathologies. Course — 7 days each month.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): From 7 years and with a body weight of at least 25 kg — 2 drops in 30 ml of water for rinsing once a day. Not intended for internal use in children.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcoholism, acute hepatitis, liver diseases in the stage of decompensation, damaged skin areas with impaired integrity. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood have been registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): Burning with external use in undiluted form, dizziness when swallowing the concentrate, allergic skin itching.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): Up to 60 kg — no more than 10 drops per day. Over 90 kg — an increase in dose to 25 drops per day is permissible in the absence of systemic side reactions.

Preparation method (Tincture): To prepare 100 ml of tincture, take 25 grams of ground dry galls and pour with 75 ml of 70% ethanol. Infuse in an airtight glass container for 10 days at room temperature in a dark place. Shake once a day. Upon completion — strain through a dense fabric or filter.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a tightly closed dark glass container at a temperature of 10 to 25 degrees Celsius, in a place protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 3 years. After opening — use within 6 months.

Oil Infusion — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Oil Infusion): Anal fissures, acute hemorrhoids, ulcerative-erosive lesions of the vaginal mucosa, diaper rash, dermatoses, atopic dermatitis, post-burn skin hypersensitivity.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — 2 ml of oil infusion on a cotton pad, 1–2 times a day. In gynecology — 3 ml into the vagina on a gauze tampon once a day before bedtime.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 5 ml 2 times a day for deep fissures, inflamed hemorrhoidal nodes, and erosions with serous discharge.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 10 ml per day for severe forms of anal itching, hemorrhoids with bleeding, and purulent complicated dermatoses, only under the control of the patient's condition.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): 1 ml of oil infusion externally once every 3 days, for chronic forms of hemorrhoids, a tendency to anal fissures, and skin hyperreactivity. Used in elderly patients, persons with varicose veins and hyperhidrosis.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 5 years and body weight from 18 kg — 0.5 ml on a cotton swab once a day for diaper rash, dermatitis, and abrasions. Used externally. Not recommended for internal use in children.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Allergy to coconut oil and tannins, pronounced mucosal irritation, deep purulent wounds. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood have been registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Local itching, contact urticaria, oily rashes with prolonged use without control.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Body weight up to 60 kg — dosage is reduced by 25%. Over 90 kg — an increase to 12 ml per day is possible with extensive lesions.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): Take 20 grams of ground galls and pour with 100 ml of cold organic coconut oil. Place in a glass jar, infuse at a temperature of 45–50 degrees Celsius for 7 days in a water bath (for 4 hours daily). After that — strain through a filter, store in an airtight glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a cool, light-protected place, at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius. Avoid contact with metals. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 90 days.

Vaginal Suppository — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Vaginal Suppository): Bacterial vaginosis, cervical erosion, candidal colpitis, post-radiation vaginitis, chronic cervicitis, atrophic colpitis, mucopurulent discharge.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 1 suppository (containing 150 milligrams of extract) inserted deep into the vagina once a day at night, course — from 7 to 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 2 suppositories per day — morning and evening — for pronounced inflammatory changes, profuse pathological discharge, and severe hyperemia of the mucosa.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): Up to 3 suppositories per day (at equal intervals) — permissible short-term (no more than 3 days) for aggressive bacterial vaginosis and mixed infections.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): 1 suppository every other day for 7–10 days. Used for a tendency to erosions, chronic vaginitis outside exacerbation, and in women with hormonal disorders in premenopause. Repeat the course every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): Not used in children and adolescents under 16 years. No scientific data on safety in juvenile forms of vaginitis.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppository): Individual intolerance to components, pronounced vaginal dryness, traumatic tears, active purulent processes. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppository): Burning, a feeling of mucosal tightness, rare cases of contact vaginitis, and increased discharge in the first days of use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppository): Not required for standard body weight. For body weight less than 45 kg, insertion of a suppository every other day in the first 3 days is permissible to assess tolerability.

Preparation method (Vaginal Suppository): To prepare 10 suppositories, take: 15 grams of dry extract of Quercus infectoria galls, 70 grams of cocoa butter, 10 grams of coconut oil, and 5 grams of beeswax. Melt the oil and wax in a water bath at 60 degrees, add the extract, mix until homogeneous. Pour into molds (2 grams per suppository), cool until solidified. Store in the refrigerator.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppository): Store in airtight packaging at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, in a place protected from light and odors. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 7 days.

Rectal Suppository — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Rectal Suppository): Acute hemorrhoids, anal fissures, chronic proctitis, rectal inflammation after radiation therapy, anal itching, microcracks due to constipation.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 1 suppository (with 200 milligrams of extract) inserted rectally before bedtime after defecation. Course — 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 2 suppositories per day — morning and evening — for active hemorrhoidal inflammation, bleeding, pain, and postoperative disorders.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppository): Up to 3 suppositories per day — short-term (up to 5 days) for pronounced pain syndrome, exacerbation of chronic proctitis, and erosive changes of the rectal mucosa.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppository): 1 suppository every 2 days at night for 2 weeks. Used in patients with chronic constipation, varicose veins of the pelvis, and a predisposition to hemorrhoids. Repeat the course every 4 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppository): From 6 years and with a body weight of at least 20 kilograms — ½ of a suppository rectally once a day for anal fissures and proctitis. If necessary — individual adjustment under medical supervision.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppository): Thrombosis of the rectal veins, acute purulent inflammations of the anal canal, allergy to oak extract or oils. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppository): Subjective burning, increased itching, short-term diarrhea in case of rectal hyperreactivity. Allergic reactions in the form of redness and edema.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppository): Up to 60 kg — it is recommended to use ¾ of a dose. Over 90 kg — an increase to 2 suppositories per day is possible with pronounced symptoms.

Preparation method (Rectal Suppository): For 10 suppositories, take: 20 grams of Quercus infectoria extract, 60 grams of cocoa butter, 10 grams of coconut oil, and 10 grams of lanolin. Melt the components, mix until homogeneous, pour into molds of 2 grams each. Cool until completely solidified. Store at a reduced temperature.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppository): Store in the refrigerator (from 2 to 8 degrees Celsius) in airtight packaging, away from sunlight and odors. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening the package, use within 10 days.

Nasal Drops — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Nasal Drops): Acute rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, hypertrophic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis with serous discharge, chronic sinusitis, adenoiditis, post-viral edema of the nasal mucosa.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops into each nostril 2 times a day. Course — 7–10 days. Before use, it is recommended to clean the nose with saline solution.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops into each nostril up to 3 times a day for purulent discharge, pronounced edema, and complicated sinusitis.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): Up to 4 drops into each nostril 4 times a day — only for severe hypertrophic rhinitis and persistent nasal congestion. Duration — no more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop into each nostril once a day in the morning. Course — 5 days each month during the cold and allergy season. Recommended for patients with chronic rhinitis, adenoids, and frequent ARVI.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): From 3 years and with a body weight from 15 kilograms — 1 drop into each nostril once a day. Before use — consultation with an ENT doctor. Not recommended for children under 3 years.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Nasal polyposis, atrophic rhinitis, hypersensitivity to tannins. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Burning in the nose, temporary increased secretion, nosebleeds with prolonged use in high doses.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): Up to 60 kg — no more than 2 drops per application. Over 90 kg — an increase to 4 drops is permissible.

Preparation method (Nasal Drops): To prepare 100 ml: 2 grams of dry extract of Quercus infectoria, 97 ml of sterile water, 1 ml of glycerin for moisturizing. Dissolve the extract in warm water, add glycerin, filter through a bactericidal filter. Pour into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store at a temperature of 4 to 8 degrees Celsius in the refrigerator, in dark packaging. After opening, use within 14 days. Total shelf life — up to 6 months in airtight packaging.

Ear Drops — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Ear Drops): Acute purulent otitis, otitis externa, eczema of the external auditory canal, serous inflammation of the middle ear, chronic catarrhal otitis, mycosis of the auricle.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops into the external auditory canal 2 times a day. Course — 7 days. After instillation, it is recommended to lie on the opposite side for 5 minutes.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops into the ear 3 times a day for pronounced pain syndrome, purulent discharge, and active eczema of the ear canal.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): Up to 4 drops into the ear up to 4 times a day. Use for mycotic otitis externa and complicated forms of chronic inflammation for no more than 5 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop once a day for a tendency to otitis externa, increased humidity of the ear canal, and after swimming in open water. Course — up to 7 days, once a month.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 4 years and with a body weight from 16 kilograms — 1 drop once a day. Do not use in children with suspected tympanic membrane perforation.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the tympanic membrane, acute otitis media with fever, allergy to components. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Feeling of ear fullness, itching, redness of the entrance to the ear canal.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): Up to 60 kg — no more than 2 drops per application. Over 90 kg — up to 4 drops are permissible.

Preparation method (Ear Drops): For 100 ml of solution: 3 grams of dry extract, 20 ml of coconut oil, 77 ml of mineral purified water. Dissolve the extract in water, then combine with warm (up to 35 degrees) coconut oil. Shake until a homogeneous emulsion is formed. Filtration and dispensing into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in a cool, light-protected place (from 4 to 8 degrees Celsius), in a bottle with a tightly closed lid. After opening, use within 14 days. Total shelf life — up to 6 months.

Ointment — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Ointment): Trophic ulcer of the lower extremities, eczematous rashes, tinea pedis, psoriasis in remission, dermatitis, purulent abrasion, furuncle, second-degree burn, diaper rash, insect bites.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer 2 times a day to a previously cleansed and dried area of the skin. Course — 7–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): 3 times a day on the area of exacerbation with the application of a gauze bandage, for weeping eczema, ulcers with abundant exudate, and burns.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 4 times a day on a limited area (no more than 15% of the body surface). Used short-term (3–5 days) for purulent complicated processes.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once a day for 5 days every 2 months. Recommended for chronic tendency to dermatoses, fungal recurrences, prolonged skin microtraumas, and in patients with varicose veins and diabetes.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 2 years and with a body weight from 12 kilograms — once a day on a small area of the skin. Use for up to 5 days under observation. Do not apply under a diaper.

Contraindications (Ointment): Allergy to ointment base components or tannins. Do not use for deep open wounds. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood have been registered.

Side Effects (Ointment): Registered: local itching, peeling, burning, and darkening of the skin at the application site with prolonged use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): Up to 60 kg — apply with a smaller volume (up to 1.5 grams per area). Over 90 kg — an increase in dosage is permissible for extensive lesions.

Preparation method (Ointment): For 100 grams of ointment: 10 grams of dry oak extract, 40 grams of lanolin, 25 grams of coconut oil, and 25 grams of petroleum jelly. Melt the lanolin in a water bath, add coconut oil and petroleum jelly, then add the extract and stir until homogeneous. Cool to room temperature, pour into sterile jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, in a dark jar, in a place protected from light and moisture. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Microemulsion Gel — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Microemulsion Gel): Acne, vulgar pimples, post-inflammatory pigmentation, seborrheic dermatitis, facial skin mycosis, folliculitis, hyperkeratosis, a tendency to inflammatory elements in the T-zone.

Standard Dosage (Microemulsion Gel): Apply to clean facial skin once a day at night. A thin even layer, without rubbing. Course — 14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Microemulsion Gel): 2 times a day (morning and evening) on areas with active inflammatory elements, for pustular acne and seborrhea.

Maximum Dosage (Microemulsion Gel): Up to 3 times a day locally (spot-on) on inflammatory elements — short-term, no more than 5 days in a row. Only under dermatological supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Microemulsion Gel): Once every 2 days before bedtime. Used in adolescents and adults with oily skin prone to inflammation, for 10 days monthly. Suitable for course cosmetic therapy.

Pediatric Dosage (Microemulsion Gel): From 10 years and with a body weight from 30 kilograms — once a day on the T-zone, only as prescribed by a doctor. Avoid contact with eyes.

Contraindications (Microemulsion Gel): Dry skin, rosacea, individual hypersensitivity, open wounds. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in childhood have been registered.

Side Effects (Microemulsion Gel): Feeling of tightness, mild redness, peeling, isolated cases of irritation with prolonged use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Microemulsion Gel): Body weight does not require correction, as the dosage is determined by the area of treatment. With high skin sensitivity — reduce the frequency of application.

Preparation method (Microemulsion Gel): For 100 grams: 2 grams of dry oak extract, 2 grams of tea tree essential oil, 2 grams of polysorbate 80, 1 gram of xanthan gum, 5 grams of glycerin, and 88 grams of distilled water. Dissolve the extract in water, add glycerin and gum. Gradually introduce polysorbate with essential oil, mix thoroughly until completely homogeneous. Package in an airtight dispenser bottle.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Microemulsion Gel): Store in the refrigerator (4–8 degrees Celsius), in a vertical position, protected from light and heat. After opening, use within 45 days. Total shelf life — 6 months.

Spray — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Spray): First- and second-degree burns, skin microtraumas, abrasions, cuts, eczematous rashes, ulcers in varicose disease, dermatitis with weeping, pruritic papules, diaper rash in adults.

Standard Dosage (Spray): Spray 1–2 presses (approximately 0.3 ml) onto cleansed skin from a distance of 10–15 centimeters, 2 times a day. Do not rub in, allow to dry.

Enhanced Dosage (Spray): Up to 4 sprays (2 times in the morning and evening) for inflamed areas with serous discharge, ulcers, weeping eczema, and second-degree burns.

Maximum Dosage (Spray): 6–8 sprays per day — short-term up to 3 days, for multiple inflamed areas, purulent cuts, and postoperative sutures without tightening.

Preventive Dosage (Spray): 1 spray once every 2 days. Used for a tendency to chafing, chronic skin irritations, for the prevention of fungal and bacterial infections in patients with diabetes and hyperhidrosis. Course — 10 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Spray): From 3 years and with a body weight from 15 kilograms — 1 spray once a day on intact skin. Use only externally, avoid spraying near mucous membranes.

Contraindications (Spray): Allergy to tannins, bronchial asthma with contact reactivity to esters, skin neoplasms. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Spray): Skin irritation, itching, rare cases of contact rash in case of individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Spray): Not required. The volume of spraying is determined by the area of treatment, not by body weight.

Preparation method (Spray): For 100 ml: 2 grams of dry oak extract, 1 gram of lavender essential oil, 3 grams of 70% ethyl alcohol, and 94 ml of purified water. Dissolve the extract in water, add alcohol and essential oil, shake vigorously. Strain, pour into spray bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Spray): Store in a vertical position, at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius, away from direct sunlight. After opening, use within 2 months. Total shelf life — up to 12 months.

Patch — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Patch): Trophic ulcers, weeping eczema, long-healing wounds, hyperkeratosis, local areas of hyperhidrosis, second-degree burns, purulent skin injuries.

Standard Dosage (Patch): Fix the patch on the affected area for 6–8 hours once a day. Repeat until the condition stabilizes (usually 5–7 days).

Enhanced Dosage (Patch): 2 changes of the patch per day (every 8–10 hours) for pronounced inflammation, abundant discharge, and impaired regeneration.

Maximum Dosage (Patch): Up to 3 changes of the patch per day. Used for extensive ulcers or burns with monitoring of the patient's water-salt balance. Duration — no more than 3 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Patch): 1 patch once every 3 days on a risk area — for example, the area of varicose veins, areas after scratches. Course — up to 2 weeks. Used in patients with diabetes, chronic dermatitis, and weakened tissue trophism.

Pediatric Dosage (Patch): From 6 years and with a body weight from 20 kilograms — ½ of a standard patch on a small area of skin once a day for no longer than 4 hours. If necessary — under medical supervision.

Contraindications (Patch): Open wounds with active bleeding, tumor skin processes, individual intolerance. No data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Patch): Contact dermatitis, skin maceration with excessive moisture, irritation around the edge of the patch.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Patch): Not required. Use depends on the area of the lesion and localization, not on body weight.

Preparation method (Patch): For 100 grams of gel base: 5 grams of dry oak extract, 2 grams of xanthan gum, 5 grams of glycerin, and 88 ml of purified water. Prepare the gel base, apply to a sterile cotton backing (size 5×5 cm). Dry at a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius to a semi-dry state. Package in an airtight blister.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Patch): Store at a temperature of 4 to 20 degrees Celsius in the original airtight packaging, in a dry place without access to light and heat. After opening, use within 24 hours. Total shelf life — 9 months.

Serum — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Serum): Post-inflammatory pigmentation, enlarged pores, rosacea, acne in adults, age-related skin changes, early wrinkles, decreased skin tone and density, oily seborrheic skin.

Standard Dosage (Serum): Apply 2 drops of serum to clean facial skin once a day in the evening, avoiding the area around the eyes. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Serum): 3 drops 2 times a day (morning and evening) in the presence of acne, comedones, inflammations, or pronounced rosacea. Course — no more than 10 days, then switch to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Serum): Up to 5 drops 2 times a day on an extensive area of skin lesions (forehead, cheeks, nose) for oily porous skin with inflammations. Only with good tolerability, no longer than 5 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Serum): 1 drop on the T-zone every third evening. Used for the prevention of age-related skin changes in patients aged 30–45 years, with oily and combination skin. Suitable for seasonal use.

Pediatric Dosage (Serum): From 12 years, with a body weight from 35 kilograms — only on the recommendation of a dermatologist. Maximum — 1 drop on the T-zone once every 2 days for adolescent acne.

Contraindications (Serum): Excessively dry skin, inflammatory dermatoses in the acute phase, individual intolerance. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Serum): Peeling, skin tightness, erythema, allergic itching.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Serum): Not required. The volume of serum is dosed by the area of application and skin type, not by body weight.

Preparation method (Serum): For 100 ml: 1 gram of dry oak extract, 5 grams of hyaluronic acid (0.2% solution), 2 grams of glycerin, 1 gram of lecithin, and 91 ml of purified water. Dissolve the extract and glycerin in water, add hyaluronic acid, whisk to a gel consistency. Add lecithin, mix. Pour into a dispenser bottle. Ensure sterile conditions at all stages.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Serum): Store at a temperature of 4–8 degrees Celsius in airtight dark packaging, protected from direct light. After opening, use within 30 days. Total shelf life — 6 months.

Emulsion — Quercus infectoria

Indications (Emulsion): Skin with signs of hypersensitivity, rosacea, couperose, post-procedural redness, mild forms of atopic dermatitis, a tendency to irritation and peeling, recovery after aggressive peeling.

Standard Dosage (Emulsion): Apply 1 ml of emulsion (approximately 2 presses on the dispenser) to the face and neck once a day before bedtime. Gently distribute over the skin without rubbing.

Enhanced Dosage (Emulsion): 2 times a day — morning and evening — for redness, irritation, and after laser and acid procedures. Course — 3–5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Emulsion): Up to 3 applications per day (every 8 hours) for 48 hours for burns, acute rosacea, and reactive skin after peeling or invasive procedures.

Preventive Dosage (Emulsion): Once a day in the evening, in a course of 7–10 days before the expected exposure to irritating factors (solar insolation, cold, cosmetic procedures). Suitable for the prevention of reactive states.

Pediatric Dosage (Emulsion): From 5 years and with a body weight from 18 kilograms — apply no more than 0.5 ml (half a press) to the skin of the face or localized areas of irritation once a day.

Contraindications (Emulsion): Pustular rashes, weeping dermatoses, individual intolerance to components. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have been registered.

Side Effects (Emulsion): Feeling of stickiness, temporary hyperemia, rare cases of contact irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Emulsion): Not required. The amount of emulsion is determined by the area of the skin and the condition of the epidermis.

Preparation method (Emulsion): For 100 ml: 2 grams of dry oak extract, 5 grams of emulsifier (ceteareth-20), 30 grams of coconut oil, 5 grams of jojoba oil, and 58 ml of purified water. Heat the oils and emulsifier to 65 degrees Celsius, introduce the aqueous phase with the extract, emulsify until homogeneous. Cool with constant stirring. Pour into bottles with a dispenser.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Emulsion): Store in a cool place at a temperature of 5 to 20 degrees Celsius. Avoid overheating and light. After opening, use within 60 days. Total shelf life — up to 9 months.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Quercus infectoria

Experimental studies of the toxicity of Quercus infectoria have shown a high degree of biosafety of this taxon. In a number of preclinical trials, it was established that the dry extract of galls does not cause an acute toxic reaction upon oral, dermal, and rectal administration. In a study on mice and rats published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, the value of acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀) was determined to exceed 5000 mg/kg body weight, which is classified as a "practically non-toxic substance" according to the Hodge & Sterner scale.

No cumulative toxic effect was detected with prolonged use. Studies on fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures showed the absence of cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 1 mg/ml. No mutagenic effect was noted in the Ames test, and no negative effect on reproductive function was observed in standard models.

Thus, Quercus infectoria has confirmed low toxicity and high biocompatibility for external, rectal, and oral use at therapeutic doses.

Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Pharmacodynamics — Quercus infectoria

The pharmacodynamic properties of Quercus infectoria are largely determined by the high content of hydrolyzable tannins, mainly gallotannins, as well as flavonoids, triterpenes, and phenolic acids. These compounds provide pronounced local and systemic physiological effects with various dosage forms. Interaction with protein structures of the epithelium and the enzymatic surface of mucous membranes causes an astringent effect, leading to the formation of a protective film on the tissue surface, a decrease in capillary permeability, and a reduction in secretion.

Anti-inflammatory activity is realized through suppression of inflammatory mediators, including inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity and a decrease in prostaglandin synthesis. Along with this, a stabilizing effect on cell membranes and lysosomal structures is observed, which slows down tissue destruction in the focus of inflammation. Phenolic components of tannins actively interact with membrane receptors of immunocompetent cells, including monocytes and neutrophils, thereby affecting the modulation of the local immune response.

The antioxidant properties of oak gall extracts have been confirmed by a series of biochemical studies using in vitro and in vivo models. The ability of tannins and flavonoids to reduce the level of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, as well as to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes, has been proven. This effect plays an important role in protecting tissues from oxidative stress, especially in conditions of chronic inflammation or damage.

The effect on the skin and epithelial tissues is based on the ability of active substances of oak to regulate keratinization, reduce the activity of proteolytic enzymes, and promote the restoration of the intercellular matrix. Due to this, a regenerative, reparative, and keratoplastic effect is provided with local use.

With respect to the nervous system, mild sedative and anxiolytic properties were recorded, due to the tannin-flavonoid fraction. These effects are manifested predominantly with systemic exposure and are due to inhibition of synaptic transmission in the central parts of the sympathetic nervous system.

The effect on the gastrointestinal tract is realized through adsorbent and astringent mechanisms, leading to stabilization of the mucous membrane, a decrease in hypersecretion, and inhibition of enterotoxins. Tannins are able to complex with proteins of the intestinal lumen, inhibiting the activity of enterogenic enzymes.

Target systems affected by Quercus infectoria include the skin, mucous membranes of the oral cavity, vagina, rectum, gastrointestinal tract, the immune system, and partially the central nervous system. The main pharmacological effects can be characterized as astringent, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiseptic, reparative, and immunostabilizing.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Pharmacokinetics — Quercus infectoria

The pharmacokinetic features of the active compounds of Quercus infectoria have not been fully studied, however, their behavior can be described based on their belonging to the class of hydrolyzable tannins and water-soluble polyphenolic complexes. With oral administration, the main substances undergo partial absorption in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. A significant part of tannins and polyphenols is metabolized by the intestinal microflora with the formation of gallic acid and other phenolic metabolites, which are then absorbed and enter the systemic circulation.

Systemic absorption of tannins is limited due to their high molecular weight and tendency to form insoluble complexes with proteins. Nevertheless, in the presence of flavonoids and organic acids, an increase in the solubility and permeability of some components may be observed. Biotransformation occurs in the liver with the participation of second-phase enzyme systems (glucuronidation, sulfation), which facilitates the excretion of metabolites with bile and urine.

With transdermal use (ointment, gel, emulsion, infusion, patch), the components exhibit predominantly local action with minimal systemic resorption. Local transport of active substances through the epidermis is limited, however, sufficient to achieve a clinically significant effect at the level of the skin, sebaceous glands, follicles, and local microflora. Flavonoids and tannins weakly penetrate into the systemic circulation with external use.

Through mucous membranes (rectal, vaginal, intranasal), partial absorption of water-soluble components is possible, while tannins penetrate slowly and in a limited volume. Direct delivery to local tissue structures allows achieving a pronounced local effect without systemic load.

Metabolism is carried out mainly in the liver, with the participation of microsomal enzymes, and partially in the kidneys. Excretion of metabolites occurs with urine, bile, and partially through the skin (with external use). The intestinal microflora plays an important role in the biotransformation of inaccessible tannins, breaking them down into low molecular weight compounds.

Accumulation in tissues is unlikely due to the high polarity and water solubility of the active components. In the body, the substances of Quercus infectoria behave as low-toxic, rapidly convertible into secondary metabolites, compounds with predominantly local or systemically limited action.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18614256
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874110004468
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S221080331930048X

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Quercus infectoria

The main pharmacologically active substances of Quercus infectoria include hydrolyzable tannins (primarily gallotannins), flavonoids (for example, quercetin and its glycosides), triterpenes, phenolic acids, and organic tanning compounds. Hydrolyzable tannins exhibit an astringent effect through interaction with proteins of mucous membranes and skin, which leads to the formation of a protective protein complex. This interaction reduces capillary permeability and inhibits exudation, preventing the penetration of pathogens through damaged tissue areas.

The antioxidant mechanism is realized through a direct neutralizing effect on free radicals, including superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals. Phenolic compounds of oak activate endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, and inhibit lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. Such compounds are also able to chelate transition metals, preventing the formation of highly active Fenton radicals.

The antimicrobial activity of Quercus infectoria is realized by damaging the membrane structure of microbial cells, inhibiting protein synthesis, and destabilizing biofilms. Tannins are known to interact with proteins of the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and fungi, causing denaturation and ionic imbalance. Their ability to inhibit key enzyme systems of microbial agents, including DNA gyrase, proteases, and β-lactamases, has been proven.

Anti-inflammatory action is realized through suppression of the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), as well as through blocking the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways NF-κB and MAPK. Gallotannins and quercetin reduce the expression of transcription factors that regulate the production of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and other cytokines involved in the formation of the inflammatory response.

Immunomodulatory action is manifested in a decrease in the activation of macrophages and neutrophils, as well as in the normalization of the function of antigen-presenting cells. A modulating effect of tannins on the expression of TLR4 receptors and JAK/STAT signaling proteins has been noted, which affects the fine regulation of innate and acquired immunity. A decrease in the production of nitric oxide in activated macrophages has also been recorded, which may be associated with inhibition of iNOS.

Flavonoids of oak exhibit mild sedative and anxiolytic effects, which, according to experimental data, are associated with their ability to interact with GABA-A receptors and potentiate inhibitory signals in the central nervous system. In addition, indirect inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been recorded, which may contribute to improved cognitive function in experimental models.

With external use, active substances of Quercus infectoria affect epidermal cells and the extracellular matrix, reducing the activity of metalloproteinases responsible for collagen degradation, and promoting the activation of fibroblasts. This provides an anti-catabolic and reparative effect, expressed in the regeneration of the skin.

References:
ttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Synergy — Quercus infectoria

Scientific studies show that the active components of Quercus infectoria exhibit synergistic interaction with a number of natural and synthetic substances. One of the most studied is the potentiating effect of oak tannins in combination with flavonoids (for example, quercetin, rutin) and phenolic acids, which enhances the antioxidant effect through additive and cascade neutralizing mechanisms against free radicals. Combined use of tannins with green tea polyphenols has demonstrated synergism in inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Microbiological in vitro experiments confirm that oak extracts increase the sensitivity of a number of bacterial and fungal agents to antimicrobial substances of natural origin, such as azadirachtin (from Azadirachta indica) and berberine (from Berberis spp.). It is believed that tannins weaken the microbial membrane, facilitating the penetration of active compounds into the cell.

In combination with oils containing monoterpenes (for example, tea tree essential oil, thyme oil), oak tannins demonstrate a modulating effect: skin irritation from terpenes is reduced, while the antibacterial and fungicidal effect is maintained. This indicates protective synergy at the level of the skin and mucous membranes.

Combinations of Quercus infectoria with adaptogens (such as Rhodiola rosea or Eleutherococcus extract) in phytocomplexes have shown a potentiating effect on non-specific components of immunity. This is probably associated with simultaneous stimulation of innate immune receptors (TLR) and a decrease in the pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages.

An enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity has also been noted when combining oak extract with curcumin and resveratrol, especially in inflammation models involving NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades. Tannins play a role both as direct inhibitors of inflammatory mediators and as stabilizers of the epithelial barrier, creating tissue-specific synergy.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Quercus infectoria

Quercus infectoria has long been used in the ethnomedical practices of the peoples of Asia Minor, Iran, India, Turkey, Pakistan, and parts of Southeast Asia. In the Persian traditional medicine known as "tebb-e sonnati," the galls of this oak were revered as one of the most important astringent remedies used to strengthen tissues, relieve internal heat, and "dry out" excessive body moisture. Iranian and Turkish healers used decoctions of galls externally for skin treatments, as well as in the form of washes and wraps.

In the Indian Ayurvedic tradition, galls of Quercus infectoria were classified as "katu" (astringent) and "shita" (cooling) in their energetics. They were included in powders applied locally to wounds and erosions. In addition, Quercus infectoria was used for fabric processing, which provided both preservative and antiseptic effects. In the southern states of India, galls were ground into a paste and used in ritual healing practices associated with purification and protection of the body.

In the Arab East, galls were considered sacred plant material, used not only for medical but also for magical purposes. They were added to incense mixtures, burned in rituals of purifying the dwelling, and used to make amulets and powders against the "evil eye." In the cultures of North Africa and the Levant, Quercus infectoria was also used for cosmetic purposes — for strengthening hair, whitening the skin, and eliminating body odor. There are written mentions of the use of oak in manuscripts from the Abbasid and Seljuk periods (8th–13th centuries), as well as in the works of physicians of the Jundishapur school.

In the Balkans and Armenia, oak galls were used in the form of an infusion with which infants were washed to "strengthen the skin" and protect against the evil eye. The Slavic tradition used them in the form of poultices for "skin spoilage" — a concept that included skin irritations, rashes, and non-healing injuries. Caucasian folk healers burned ground galls on coals and inhaled the smoke to cleanse the respiratory tract and expel the "spirit of disease."

In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Quercus infectoria is not included in the official pharmacopoeial list, however, it is mentioned in some southern Chinese herbs as a component for external use for skin irritations. In Thailand, galls were used in the Lanna medicine tradition (northern provinces) as part of multicomponent collections for baths and steam procedures.

Non-medical use of Quercus infectoria is also confirmed in purification rituals in Islamic and pre-Islamic communities of Iran and Anatolia: oak powder was used in purification rites of women returning from pilgrimage or completing a cycle of ritual impurity. In some villages of Turkey and Kurdistan, dried galls were worn as amulets against diseases, sewn into fabric and hung around the neck.