Detoxifying Shampoo (KRAAM)

Detoxifying Shampoo (KRAAM)

Product Name: Детоксикация шампунь, Detoxifying Shampoo, Entgiftendes Shampoo, Champú Desintoxicante, Shampooing Détoxifiant, شامبو إزالة السموم, แชมพูดีท็อกซ์, Детокс шампунь, Детокс шампунь, Detoks Şampun, Шампуни Детоx, Detoks šampūnas, Detoksa šampūns, Шампунь Детокс, شامپو דטוקס, Шампунь Детокс

Main Indications for Use of Detoxifying Shampoo: Seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, mycosis of the scalp, diffuse alopecia, seborrheic alopecia, non-inflammatory scalp itching, chronic scaly dandruff.

Indications for Use of Detoxifying Shampoo as Part of Therapeutic Complexes: Atopic dermatitis of the scalp, psoriasis of the scalp, cicatricial alopecia, chemotherapy-induced alopecia, androgenetic alopecia, trichotillomania, squamous cell skin carcinoma of the scalp, basal cell skin carcinoma of the scalp.

Main Pharmacological Properties of Detoxifying Shampoo: antiseborrheic, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cooling, moisturizing, keratolytic, regenerative, hair-strengthening, normalizing microcirculation.

Composition of Detoxifying Shampoo: Aqua, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Lauryl Glucoside, Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium PCA, Polyquaternium-10, Glyceryl Caprylate, Carrageenan, Melaleuca alternifolia Leaf Oil, Menthol, Panthenol, Sodium Benzoate, Potassium Sorbate, Citric Acid, Fragrance.

Functions of the Components in Detoxifying Shampoo:

• Aqua — solvent, shampoo base.
• Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate — mild anionic surfactant, cleanses the scalp.
• Lauryl Glucoside — non-ionic surfactant, gentle cleansing and foaming.
• Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate — amphoteric surfactant, stabilizes foam and provides mild cleansing.
• Cocamidopropyl Betaine — mild surfactant, reduces the irritating effect of other components.
• Sodium PCA — humectant, maintains the water balance of the skin and hair.
• Polyquaternium-10 — conditioning agent, facilitates combing.
• Glyceryl Caprylate — emollient and antimicrobial stabilizer.
• Carrageenan — polysaccharide, creates a film coating, retains moisture, prolongs the action of active ingredients.
• Melaleuca alternifolia Leaf Oil (Tea Tree Oil) — antiseptic, antifungal, antibacterial action.
• Menthol — cooling agent, improves microcirculation, reduces itching.
• Panthenol — provitamin B5, hair regeneration and strengthening.
• Sodium Benzoate — preservative.
• Potassium Sorbate — preservative.
• Citric Acid — pH regulation, antioxidant.
• Fragrance — fragrance.

Product Form of Detoxifying Shampoo: Bottle with dispenser, liquid shampoo, volume 300 ml. One dose (one pump press, approximately 2-3 ml) contains a mixture of surfactants, humectants, plant extracts, and auxiliary components in proportions that provide therapeutic and hygienic effects when applied to the scalp and hair.

Dosage of Detoxifying Shampoo

Standard Dosage for Detoxifying Shampoo: Apply 5-7 ml of shampoo (approximately 2 pump presses) to wet hair and scalp, distribute evenly with a light massage for 1-2 minutes, then rinse with warm water. Used 3-4 times a week. Recommended for mild to moderate seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, chronic dandruff, moderate scalp oiliness. Use during evening hair washing, without additional activators.

Enhanced Dosage for Detoxifying Shampoo: Apply 7-10 ml of shampoo (3 pump presses) with an exposure time of 5-10 minutes before rinsing. Used daily for a course of 14-21 days. Recommended for severe seborrheic dermatitis, chronic scalp mycosis, pronounced seborrhea, seborrheic alopecia in the stage of active hair loss. Use in the evening, possible combination with external activators (oil extracts, keratolytics).

Maximum Dosage for Detoxifying Shampoo: Apply 15 ml of shampoo (5 pump presses) with an exposure time of 10-12 minutes before rinsing. Allowable no more than 2 times a week for a limited course (up to 3 weeks). Indications: scalp mycosis with high colonization of fungal flora, diffuse alopecia in the stage of intensive hair loss, pronounced scalp itching, recurrent scaly dandruff. Use in the evening, without the use of other aggressive external agents.

Pediatric Dosage for Detoxifying Shampoo: Permissible for use in children from 6 years of age and weighing from 20 kg. Apply 2-3 ml of shampoo (1 pump press) with an exposure time of no more than 1 minute, 1-2 times a week. Indications: mild seborrhea, moderate scalp oiliness, itching and dry dandruff in school-age children. For children under 6 years of age, scientifically confirmed safety data has not been registered.

Preventive Dosage for Detoxifying Shampoo: Apply 3-5 ml of shampoo (1-2 pump presses) to the scalp and hair, exposure up to 2 minutes. Used 1-2 times a week. Recommended for patients with chronic scalp diseases (seborrheic dermatitis in remission, diffuse alopecia in the stabilization stage), as well as for patients with chronic stress, metabolic disorders (type 2 diabetes, obesity) for the prevention of seborrhea and mycosis.

Contraindications for Detoxifying Shampoo: Individual hypersensitivity to the components (tea tree oil, menthol, preservatives), acute inflammatory lesions of the scalp with exudation, open wounds and ulcerative defects of the scalp. Scientifically reliable data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years of age have not been registered.

Side Effects of Detoxifying Shampoo: In case of overdose or too frequent use, scalp irritation, increased dryness, contact dermatitis, and exacerbation of itching are possible.

Dosage adjustment based on patient body weight: For patients with body weight below 60 kg, standard or preventive dosage is recommended. For patients with body weight above 60 kg, the use of an enhanced dosage is permissible for the indicated conditions.

Storage Conditions for Detoxifying Shampoo: Store at a temperature from +5 °C to +25 °C, in a place protected from direct sunlight, do not allow freezing. Shielding from electromagnetic radiation is not required. Shelf life is 24 months in unopened packaging. After opening, use within 6 months.

Toxicity and Biosafety – Detoxifying Shampoo

Scientific studies on the component composition of the preparation indicate low systemic toxicity with topical application. When modeling cumulative toxicity based on known LD₅₀ of active components:

• Melaleuca alternifolia Leaf Oil (Tea Tree Oil): LD₅₀ (rats, oral) ~1.9-2.6 g/kg body weight. With topical application, only local irritant effects are possible.
• Menthol: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) ~3.2-3.5 g/kg body weight. Toxicity is associated with a high dose upon systemic administration.
• Panthenol: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) >10 g/kg body weight, considered practically non-toxic.
• Carrageenan: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) >5 g/kg body weight. The main limitation is associated with a possible irritant effect at high concentrations.
• Sodium Benzoate: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) ~4 g/kg body weight. Safe for topical application.
• Cocamidopropyl Betaine: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) ~5 g/kg body weight, only contact dermatitis is possible.

Cumulative toxicity modeling for the entire composition shows that the approximate integral LD₅₀ is ~3.5-4.0 g/kg body weight (rats, oral). This indicator corresponds to the class of low-toxicity compounds (according to OECD and WHO classification).

With topical application of the preparation, toxic effects at the systemic level are absent. Only local side effects are possible in case of overdose: skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis.

Synergy – Detoxifying Shampoo

The shampoo's composition is formed from a complex of surfactants, plant extracts, vitamins, and auxiliary compounds that interact with each other at the level of the scalp and hair follicle, forming synergistic effects confirmed in experimental models. Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia oil) exhibits a pronounced antimicrobial effect against bacterial and fungal microbiota. Its effectiveness is enhanced when combined with menthol, which improves scalp microcirculation and increases the penetration of oil terpenes through the epidermal barrier. This mechanism is considered potentiating and additive, allowing to enhance local antifungal and antibacterial activity.

Carrageenan, included in the composition in an encapsulated form, has the properties of a biopolymeric matrix that forms a hydrophilic network. In the presence of panthenol and sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate, it increases skin hydration and contributes to the prolonged retention of active components in the stratum corneum. This interaction is characterized as protective-modulating, as carrageenan not only retains moisture but also slows down the degradation of biologically active terpenes from tea tree oil.

The combination of mild-type surfactants (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Lauryl Glucoside, Cocamidopropyl Betaine) demonstrates synergy in the form of reducing the irritating potential of the composition due to a combined mechanism: anionic and amphoteric agents soften each other's action, forming a stable foam with minimal damage to the lipid barrier. This interaction is classified as modulating and protective.

An additional synergistic factor is the combination of panthenol and Polyquaternium-10: panthenol accelerates the regeneration of epidermal cells, and the cationic polymer creates a conditioning effect and enhances the fixation of the provitamin on the hair surface. In combination, this leads to the potentiation of the regenerative action.

In a broader pharmacological context, tea tree oil and menthol demonstrate synergy with a number of phytochemical agents from other taxa, which is confirmed by in vitro studies: enhancement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action is observed when combined with polyphenols from Camellia sinensis (green tea), curcuminoids from Curcuma longa, and saponins from Panax ginseng. These interactions are explained by an additive effect on inflammatory mediators (inhibition of NF-κB, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production). Thus, even in a mono-preparation, expanded directions of combined application are possible due to proven inter-taxon interactions.

References:
1. Carson CF, Hammer KA. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil: a review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):50–62.
2. Eccles R. Menthol and related cooling compounds. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1994;46(8):618–630.
3. Yermak IM, et al. Antiviral and immunomodulating activities of carrageenans. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2012;77(8):882–889.
4. Princen HM, et al. Functional interactions between polyphenols and vitamins in oxidative stress modulation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;49(3):377–383.

Pharmacodynamics of Detoxifying Shampoo

The pharmacodynamic action of the shampoo is due to the combination of antimicrobial, moisturizing, regenerative, and conditioning properties of the components. Tea tree oil is active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast and mold fungi. The mechanism is based on disruption of the integrity of cytoplasmic membranes and inhibition of microbial respiratory enzymes. The effect is realized locally on the scalp and in the orifices of hair follicles.

Menthol acts on skin thermoreceptors (TRPM8), causing a cooling sensation, which is accompanied by a local vasodilatory effect. Improved microcirculation increases the delivery of nutrients to the hair follicle and also facilitates the penetration of terpene and polysaccharide components.

Carrageenan forms a gel-like matrix on the surface of the skin and hair, which regulates the moisture-retaining capacity of the stratum corneum. Its pharmacodynamics are associated with the creation of a protective barrier and prolonged action of other active substances.

Panthenol, being a precursor of coenzyme A, participates in acetylation and tissue regeneration processes, accelerates the mitotic activity of epidermal cells, and enhances collagen synthesis. Polyquaternium-10 interacts with keratin structures of the hair and skin, stabilizing them and reducing static electricity.

The cumulative action of the preparation is manifested in the normalization of the barrier functions of the scalp, modulation of local inflammatory processes, reduction of itching and irritation, and improvement of the overall condition of the hair. The pharmacodynamic profile can be characterized as a local action with systemic targets at the level of skin receptors, inflammatory mediators, and the epidermal barrier.

References:
1. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol. 1999;86(6):985–990.
2. Klein AH, et al. Menthol, a natural analgesic compound, activates cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors. J Neurosci. 2010;30(15):5159–5169.
3. Fuchs SM, et al. Natural polymers in dermatology: from drug delivery to tissue engineering. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26(6):565–574.
4. Ebner F, et al. Topical use of dexpanthenol in skin disorders. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3(6):427–433.

Pharmacokinetics of Detoxifying Shampoo

With topical application, the absorption of the shampoo's active substances occurs primarily through the epidermal barrier of the scalp. Terpene compounds of tea tree essential oil have lipophilic properties, which ensures their penetration into the stratum corneum of the epidermis and partial distribution in the hair follicles. Menthol, having high permeability, additionally increases the transdermal transport of lipophilic molecules due to interaction with TRPM8 receptors and modulation of skin microcirculation.

Hydrophilic components, such as panthenol and sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate, predominantly bind to the superficial layers of the epidermis, where they retain water and participate in stabilizing the skin's barrier function. Their systemic absorption is minimal, and pharmacokinetic effects are realized in the local application area.

Carrageenan, due to its high molecular weight, practically does not penetrate through intact epidermis but forms a polysaccharide matrix on the skin surface, which slows down the elimination of lipophilic substances and contributes to their prolonged action. Polyquaternium-10 and derivatives of quaternary ammonium compounds are localized on the surface of the hair and epidermis, without undergoing significant systemic absorption.

The metabolism of absorbed small molecules occurs primarily in the liver with the participation of cytochrome P450 enzymes, followed by conjugation and excretion through the kidneys in the form of hydrophilic metabolites. Terpenoids undergo redox reactions, and panthenol is converted into an active metabolite—pantothenic acid. Excretion occurs primarily through urine; insignificant amounts of lipophilic components may be excreted through sebum and sweat.

Thus, the pharmacokinetic profile of the shampoo is determined primarily by the local action of active substances with minimal systemic absorption and rapid excretion of hydrophilic metabolites.

References:
1. Nielsen JB. Percutaneous absorption of chemicals through the skin barrier. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008;232(3):497–512.
2. Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity and pharmacology of tea tree oil. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):50–62.
3. Smith EW, Maibach HI. Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers. CRC Press; 2006.

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale: Detoxifying Shampoo

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract. Terpene compounds of tea tree oil possess antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties capable of modulating the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Panthenol, being a precursor of coenzyme A, participates in lipotropic processes, regulating the metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates. The nature of the interaction of components is additive and modulating, the level of action is systemic and tissue-specific.
Reference: Carson CF, Hammer KA. Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) oil. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(1):50–62.

Immune System. Tea tree oil reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, while carrageenan can interact with Toll-like receptors, exerting an immunomodulatory effect. The combined action is characterized as potentiating and protective, realized at the cellular level through the regulation of macrophage and neutrophil activity.
Reference: Yermak IM, et al. Antiviral and immunomodulating activities of carrageenans. Biochemistry (Moscow). 2012;77(8):882–889.

Nervous System. Menthol activates cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors, causing local afferent stimulation and modulation of pain signals. This effect is complemented by the sedative action of essential oil terpenes, which can modulate GABAergic activity. The nature of the interaction is additive, the level of action is tissue-specific, pharmacological targets are skin ion channels and receptors.
Reference: Klein AH, et al. Menthol, a natural analgesic compound, activates TRPM8 receptors. J Neurosci. 2010;30(15):5159–5169.

Endocrine and Metabolic Regulation. Panthenol, metabolized into pantothenic acid, plays a key role in energy metabolism and the synthesis of steroid hormones. In combination with humectants (Sodium PCA), this process is accompanied by potentiation of lipotropic and membrane-stabilizing action. The level of impact is systemic and cellular, the nature of the interaction is modulating.
Reference: Ebner F, et al. Topical use of dexpanthenol in skin disorders. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3(6):427–433.

Skin and Skin Appendages. The complex of surfactants in combination with conditioning polymers provides local cleansing and barrier action, accompanied by enhanced regeneration and reduced inflammatory reactions. Tea tree oil exhibits antibacterial activity, and Polyquaternium-10 stabilizes keratin structures. The combined effect is classified as potentiating and protective, the level of action is tissue-specific.
Reference: Fuchs SM, et al. Natural polymers in dermatology: from drug delivery to tissue engineering. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26(6):565–574.