Senna siamea (Siamese Cassia)

Senna siamea (Siamese Cassia)

Product Name: Кассия сиамская, Senna siamea, Siamesische Kassie, Casia de Siam, Cassia de Siam, كاسيا سيامي, ขี้เหล็ก

Synonyms: кассия индийская, сиамский сенной кустарник, siamea cassia, thai copperpod, kassie aus Siam, casia de la India, cassier de Siam, كاسيا هندية, ขี้เหล็กบ้าน, ขี้เหล็กหลวง, ขี้เหล็กเทศ, ขี้เหล็กใหญ่

Main Indications for the Use of Senna siamea: Depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, initial forms of insomnia, functional disorders of the central nervous system, secondary tension-type headache, irritable bowel syndrome, hyperkinetic biliary dyskinesia, initial stage of hepatic steatosis, chronic colitis, difficult defecation due to intestinal atony.

Use of Senna siamea in Mixtures and Complexes: Anxiety-depressive disorder with somatic manifestations, neurasthenic syndrome, borderline psychosomatic states, chronic pancreatitis, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, chronic fatigue syndrome, compensated multi-organ failure, stage I hypertension, climacteric syndrome.

Pharmacological Properties of Senna siamea: Sedative, mild anxiolytic, antidepressant, laxative, choleretic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, spasmolytic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Senna siamea

Powder — Senna siamea

Indications (Powder): Intestinal atony, initial-stage hepatic steatosis, chronic colitis, hyperkinetic biliary dyskinesia, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, initial insomnia.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1 gram of powder orally 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals, with warm water or diluted natural juice.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 1.5 grams 2–3 times a day for acute manifestations of chronic constipation, pronounced biliary dyskinesia, episodes of neurotic agitation, or in a background protocol for grade II depression.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): No more than 6 grams per day, for pronounced constipation symptoms, fatty infiltration of the liver, and concomitant metabolic syndrome. Exceeding this increases the risk of gastrointestinal mucosal irritation.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5 grams once a day for 14 days monthly. Recommended for chronic fatigue, a tendency to hypercholesterolemia, patients over 50 years of age with digestive disorders, and a tendency to bile stagnation.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 12 years of age, with a body weight of at least 35 kg. 0.3–0.5 grams once a day. Use in children under 12 years of age is not recommended due to the lack of clinical data.

Contraindications (Powder): Acute gastritis, peptic ulcer in the acute stage, pregnancy and lactation (safety data have not been registered), severe depression with suicidal risk, individual intolerance.

Side Effects (Powder): When the dosage is exceeded, nausea, increased peristalsis with pain syndrome, rash, short-term headache, and irritability are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): Patients with body weight up to 60 kg — reduce the dose by 20%. For body weight over 90 kg — correction with a dose increase of 10% is possible, provided tolerability is maintained.

Preparation method (Powder): To prepare 100 grams of powder, dry mature leaves of Siamese cassia — 100 grams are taken. The raw material is washed, dried in the shade at a temperature of 35–40 degrees Celsius until brittle. Then ground to a uniform powder fraction in a ceramic mortar or wooden mill. Sifted through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.5 mm. The finished powder is packaged in dark airtight containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a dry, darkened place at a temperature of 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening, use within 30 days with tight closure of the package.

Dry Extract — Senna siamea

Indications (Dry Extract): Functional disorders of the central nervous system, insomnia, anxiety disorder, initial forms of depression, biliary dyskinesia, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, metabolic syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 250 milligrams 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals, with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 400 milligrams 3 times a day for 10 days for pronounced anxiety, sleep disturbances, and resistant forms of functional dysbiosis accompanied by constipation.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 1.5 grams per day. Used short-term (no more than 5 days) for pronounced nervous system agitation and persistent defecation disorders due to intestinal atony.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 100–150 milligrams once a day for 21 days. Used for a tendency to psycho-emotional overstrain, periodic insomnia, and also for borderline conditions in patients over 40 years of age.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): From 14 years of age, with a body weight of 45 kg or more — no more than 100 milligrams once a day. Under 14 years of age, use is not recommended due to the lack of pharmacokinetic studies in children.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Pregnancy, lactation (safety data are absent), severe forms of depression with pronounced lethargy, chronic gastritis with reduced secretion, acute inflammatory bowel diseases, individual intolerance.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): Registered: drowsiness, decreased concentration, a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, short-term diarrhea when the dose is exceeded.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): Up to 60 kg — dosage is reduced by 25%. From 90 kg — a dose increase of 10% is allowed in the absence of side effects.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): To obtain 100 grams of dry extract, 500 grams of dry leaves are used. The raw material is extracted with 70% ethanol in a ratio of 1:10 at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius for 4 hours. The filtrate is evaporated in a water bath to obtain a thick extract, which is then dried in a drying chamber at a temperature of 40–45 degrees Celsius to obtain a dry mass. The powder extract is sifted and packaged in dark glass jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store at a temperature of 10 to 25 degrees Celsius, in a dry place protected from light and electromagnetic effects. Shelf life — 18 months. After opening the package, use within 45 days with tight closure.

Alcohol-Based Tincture — Senna siamea

Indications (Tincture): Anxiety disorder, functional insomnia, nervous agitation, atonic constipation, stage I hypertension, chronic fatigue syndrome, bile excretion disorders, autonomic dysfunctions.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops 2 times a day 20–30 minutes before meals, dissolved in 50 ml of warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 30 drops 3 times a day for pronounced signs of anxiety, persistent insomnia, persistent constipation, and also as part of adjuvant therapy for metabolic syndrome with hypertriglyceridemia.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): No more than 40 drops 3 times a day. Allowed for acute phases of anxiety-depressive disorder accompanied by somatovegetative symptoms, but no more than 7 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 15 drops once a day in the evening, in a course of 14 days per month. Recommended for patients with chronic stress, poor adaptation to changes in daily routine, students, and elderly people with signs of fatigue and mild arterial hypertension.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): From 16 years of age — no more than 10 drops once a day after meals, for no more than 5 days. Use in children under 16 years of age is not allowed due to the presence of ethanol.

Contraindications (Tincture): Absolute contraindications: alcoholism, pregnancy, lactation, acute liver diseases, epilepsy, gastric ulcer. Safety data in children under 16 years of age have not been registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): With overdose, dizziness, tachycardia, lethargy, nausea, irritation of the gastric mucosa, and increased peristalsis with pain are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): Up to 60 kg — dosage reduction by 25%. From 90 kg — an increase of 10% is allowed, provided tolerability is maintained.

Preparation method (Tincture): To prepare 100 ml of tincture, 20 grams of ground dry leaves of Siamese cassia and 80 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol are used. The mixture is infused in a glass container in the shade at a temperature of 20–25 degrees Celsius for 10 days, with periodic shaking. After completion, the tincture is filtered through dense gauze and poured into a dark glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 8 to 20 degrees Celsius, away from sources of light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 24 months. After opening, use within 60 days.

Oil Infusion — Senna siamea

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, skin itching in neurodermatitis, focal hair loss, inflammation of the scalp, eczematous manifestations due to stress, skin allergic reactions, hypertonicity of the neck and occipital muscles, localized myalgia.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — apply 2 times a day to affected skin areas or the scalp, rubbing in with light movements. Course — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — 3 times a day for pronounced itching, flaking, inflammation, alopecia, and neurodermatitis. Application of a bandage soaked in the infusion for 30–40 minutes once a day is allowed.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 5 applications per day on limited areas (up to 10×10 cm) for acute skin inflammation, if no irritation or allergic reactions are observed. Maximum course — no more than 7 days in the enhanced regimen.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Once a day, rubbing into the scalp in a course of 10 days with a 20-day break. Used for the prevention of seasonal alopecia, dermatitis in people with increased emotional stress, and in recovery programs for post-stress skin reactions.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 7 years — application once a day on limited skin areas, no more than 5×5 cm. Use no more than 5 days in a row. Do not apply to damaged skin or mucous membranes.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual sensitivity to components, presence of fresh burns, open wounds, pustular infections, age under 7 years, pregnancy and lactation — clinical safety data are absent.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Scientifically registered: local hyperemia, burning, contact dermatitis, rarely — photosensitization.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): Not required for external use. For children — limitation of the application area and duration of use.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): To prepare 100 ml of infusion, use: 20 grams of dry ground leaves of Siamese cassia and 100 ml of organic unrefined sesame oil. The mixture is placed in a glass container, covered with a lid, and kept in a dark place at a temperature of 35–40 degrees Celsius for 14 days. Shake daily. After completion, the infusion is filtered through gauze and stored in a dark container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a cool, dark place at a temperature of 10 to 20 degrees Celsius. Protect from sunlight and sources of heat. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppositories — Senna siamea

Indications (Vaginal Suppositories): Bacterial vaginosis, candidal vulvovaginitis, atrophic vaginitis in perimenopause, non-specific inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, itching and discomfort in the vagina due to neuroendocrine disorders.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository (500 mg) once a day before bedtime, intravaginally. Course — 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for acute vaginitis with pronounced itching and mucosal irritation, including concomitant bacterial imbalance. Course — up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 2 suppositories 2 times a day (up to 4 suppositories per day) for no more than 3 days in a row for severe exacerbation with pronounced edema and discomfort. Then transition to the standard dosage.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): 1 suppository once every 2 days in a course of 10 suppositories. Recommended for a tendency to recurrent candidiasis, against the background of hormonal imbalance in perimenopause, and also after antibacterial therapy for vaginal infections.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppositories): Not used. Vaginal forms are contraindicated in girls before menarche. Clinical data on use in adolescents are absent.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppositories): Pregnancy, lactation — safety data have not been registered. Acute erosive processes in the vagina, individual intolerance. Do not use simultaneously with vaginal antibiotics or antifungal agents without medical consultation.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppositories): Scientifically registered: burning sensation, increased discharge, mild itching, less commonly — local mucosal hyperemia.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Vaginal Suppositories): Dose adjustment by body weight is not required. Use is based on the local activity of the substance.

Preparation method (Vaginal Suppositories): To prepare 100 grams of the base, use: 30 grams of dry extract of Siamese cassia, 70 grams of organic cocoa butter. Cocoa butter is melted in a water bath at a temperature of 36–38 degrees Celsius, and the dry extract is gradually introduced with continuous stirring until completely homogeneous. The mixture is poured into molds with a volume of 2.5 ml and cooled until completely solidified at a temperature of 4–8 degrees. Store in the refrigerator.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppositories): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. Avoid freezing. Store in a dark place in airtight packaging. Shelf life — 3 months. After opening, use within 10 days.

Rectal Suppositories — Senna siamea

Indications (Rectal Suppositories): Chronic constipation due to intestinal atony, irritable bowel syndrome with predominant constipation, grade I–II hemorrhoids in remission, proctitis of non-infectious etiology, vegetative-vascular dystonia with concomitant intestinal dysfunction.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository (500 mg) rectally once a day at night. Duration of course — 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository 2 times a day (morning and evening) for persistent constipation and a weak response to the standard dose. Course — up to 5 days, followed by transition to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 2 suppositories 2 times a day (up to 4 suppositories per day) for pronounced defecation disorders associated with neurogenic colon paresis or as part of complex treatment of persistent constipation. Course no more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): 1 suppository every other day, in a course of 5–7 suppositories, no more than one preventive course per month. Used in elderly patients, as well as in physical inactivity, recovery after surgery, and reduced gastrointestinal motility.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppositories): From 12 years of age, with a body weight of 40 kg or more — 1/2 suppository (250 mg) once a day, in a course of up to 5 days. Use in children under 12 years of age is not allowed due to the pronounced stimulating effect.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppositories): Acute hemorrhoids, anal fissures, acute inflammatory diseases of the rectum, neoplasms in the rectal area. Pregnancy and lactation — safety data are absent. Contraindicated in children under 12 years of age.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppositories): Scientifically registered: increased peristalsis, flatulence, short-term burning sensation in the anal area, rare cases of rectal mucosal irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Rectal Suppositories): Up to 60 kg — use 1/2 suppository. For body weight over 90 kg, an increase in dose to 2 suppositories per day is allowed in the absence of side effects.

Preparation method (Rectal Suppositories): To prepare 100 grams of the base, take: 25 grams of dry extract of Siamese cassia, 75 grams of organic cocoa butter. Cocoa butter is melted in a water bath at a temperature of 36–38 degrees Celsius, the dry extract is introduced, and thoroughly mixed until completely homogeneous. The mixture is poured into suppository molds with a volume of 2.5 ml. Cooled at a temperature of 4–8 degrees Celsius until completely solidified. Store in the refrigerator.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppositories): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. Avoid freezing. Shelf life — up to 3 months. After opening the package, use within 7–10 days.

Nasal Drops — Senna siamea

Indications (Nasal Drops): Acute and subacute rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, initial-stage nasal mucosal hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis in remission, nasal congestion due to neurovegetative disorders.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops in each nostril 2 times a day. Course — from 5 to 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops in each nostril 3 times a day for pronounced congestion, impaired nasal breathing, and exacerbation of chronic rhinitis. Course — up to 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): 4 drops in each nostril up to 4 times a day, but no more than 3 days in a row. Used for acute mucosal edema accompanied by hypersecretion and discomfort.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1–2 drops in each nostril once a day in the evening. Course — 10 days. Used during the flowering season for a tendency to allergic rhinitis, as well as in patients with autonomic dysfunctions and nasal breathing disorders.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): From 10 years — 1 drop in each nostril once a day. Duration of course — no more than 5 days. Use under 10 years of age is not recommended due to the lack of clinical data.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Nasal polyposis, acute purulent sinusitis, pronounced deviation of the nasal septum, pregnancy, lactation — clinical safety data have not been registered. Individual hypersensitivity.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Rarely: short-term burning, feeling of dryness, mucosal irritation, increased secretion.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drops): Not required. In pediatric use, age restrictions and the volume of the mucosal surface are taken into account.

Preparation method (Nasal Drops): To prepare 100 ml of solution, use: 5 grams of dry extract of Siamese cassia, 95 ml of purified water, 1 ml of organic glycerin. The dry extract is dissolved in warm water (temperature 35–40 degrees Celsius), glycerin is added for a moisturizing effect. The mixture is filtered through a sterile paper filter and poured into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. Avoid exposure to sunlight. Shelf life — up to 14 days after preparation. After opening the bottle, use within 5 days.

Ear Drops — Senna siamea

Indications (Ear Drops): External otitis of bacterial and fungal nature, cerumen plug with an inflammatory component, itching and irritation in the external auditory canal, eczema of the auricle, skin hyperreactivity of the ear canal in autonomic disorders.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops in each ear canal 2 times a day. After instillation, it is recommended to lie on your side for 5–7 minutes. Course — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation of the external ear, itching, edema, and hyperemia. Course — up to 5 days, then transition to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): Up to 4 drops 4 times a day for acute external otitis as part of complex therapy. Do not use more than 3 days in a row in the enhanced regimen.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1–2 drops once a day for 5 days for a tendency to external otitis, especially during the rainy season, when swimming in open water, and also for hearing aid users. Repeat course — no earlier than 3 weeks later.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 7 years — 1 drop 1–2 times a day. Course — no more than 3 days. Under 7 years of age, do not use without consultation with an otolaryngologist.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the eardrum, purulent discharge from the ear, allergy to components, age under 7 years, pregnancy and lactation — safety data have not been registered.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Burning sensation, increased itching, in rare cases — contact dermatitis of the ear canal.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drops): Not required. Dosage is based on local application. For children, use only in the absence of eardrum damage.

Preparation method (Ear Drops): To prepare 100 ml, use: 20 grams of dry extract of Siamese cassia, 80 ml of organic cold-pressed sesame oil. The extract is added to the oil, heated in a water bath at a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. Cool, filter through a sterile cotton filter, pour into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store at a temperature of 10 to 25 degrees Celsius, in a place protected from light. Shelf life — 30 days. After opening the bottle, use within 7 days, provided it is hermetically sealed.

Ointment — Senna siamea

Indications (Ointment): Chronic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis in the inactive stage, microbial eczema, pruritic dermatoses, neurodermatitis, skin inflammations due to stress, hyperemia, irritation after insect bites, allergic contact dermatitis.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer to affected skin areas 2 times a day, with light rubbing movements. Course — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Apply 3–4 times a day, including under an occlusive dressing for focal hyperkeratosis, dry eczema, and persistent areas of psoriasis. Course — up to 7 days with transition to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 5 applications per day on limited skin areas (up to 20 cm²), for 3 days. In the absence of side effects, transition to a maintenance regimen is possible.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Apply once a day to areas prone to irritation, for 5–7 days. Recommended for a tendency to allergic dermatoses, seasonal exacerbation of skin inflammations, and in the recovery period after dermatological procedures.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 6 years — once a day, no more than 5×5 cm of skin surface, no more than 5 days in a row. Do not use under a bandage or on areas with compromised skin integrity.

Contraindications (Ointment): Weeping dermatitis in the acute phase, infectious skin processes, pyoderma, open wounds, individual intolerance. Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been confirmed.

Side Effects (Ointment): Scientifically registered: contact dermatitis, burning, local hyperemia, irritation with prolonged use on thin skin.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): Not required. Dosage is adjusted only according to the area of application.

Preparation method (Ointment): To prepare 100 grams of ointment, take: 20 grams of dry extract of Siamese cassia, 80 grams of ointment base (natural beeswax — 10 g, shea butter — 30 g, jojoba oil — 40 g). The oils and wax are melted in a water bath at a temperature of 50–55 degrees Celsius, the dry extract is introduced, and thoroughly mixed until complete homogenization. The mixture is cooled to a temperature of 35 degrees and packaged in glass jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in a dry, cool, light-protected place at a temperature of 10 to 20 degrees Celsius. Do not freeze. Shelf life — 4 months. After opening the package, use within 30 days under hermetic storage conditions.

Toner — Senna siamea

Indications (Toner): Increased skin oiliness, inflammatory elements in acne, skin irritation after shaving, pH imbalance of the skin, a tendency to irritation due to stress, enlarged pores, decreased facial skin tone.

Standard Dosage (Toner): Apply to the skin of the face and neck 1–2 times a day with a cotton pad, do not rinse. Use in the morning and/or evening. Course — up to 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Toner): Wipe the skin 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation, hyperemia, and oily shine. Course — up to 10 days, then transition to the standard dosage.

Maximum Dosage (Toner): Up to 4 applications per day in the presence of acute inflammatory elements. Do not use more than 5 days in a row in the enhanced regimen on dry or sensitive skin.

Preventive Dosage (Toner): Once a day, in courses of 10 days with a 20-day break. Recommended for adolescents, patients with autonomic instability, during the climatic period, with a tendency to oily skin and the appearance of comedones.

Pediatric Dosage (Toner): From 12 years — no more than once a day. Use only on intact skin. Course — up to 7 days.

Contraindications (Toner): Pronounced skin dryness, couperose, eczema, allergic dermatitis in the acute stage, individual intolerance. Safety data during pregnancy and lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Toner): Rarely: feeling of tightness, flaking, irritation, burning when used on sensitive skin.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Toner): Not required. The volume and frequency of application depend on the skin type, not body weight.

Preparation method (Toner): To prepare 100 ml of toner, take: 3 grams of dry extract of Siamese cassia, 92 ml of distilled water, 3 ml of lavender hydrolate, 2 ml of organic apple cider vinegar. The extract is dissolved in warm water (35–38 degrees Celsius), hydrolate and vinegar are added, and thoroughly mixed. The solution is filtered through a sterile cotton filter and poured into a dark bottle with a dispenser.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Toner): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 8 degrees Celsius. Avoid exposure to light. Shelf life — 21 days. After opening, use within 7 days, do not touch the neck of the bottle with the skin.

Oral Rinse — Senna siamea

Indications (Oral Rinse): Gingivitis, stomatitis, initial-stage periodontosis, bad breath, increased sensitivity of the oral mucosa, gum microtraumas, canker sores, inflammation during teething in adolescents, oral dysbiosis after antibiotic therapy.

Standard Dosage (Oral Rinse): Rinse with 10 ml of solution 2 times a day after meals. Do not swallow the solution, do not rinse with water. Course — 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oral Rinse): Rinse with 15 ml of solution 3 times a day for pronounced mucosal inflammation, bleeding gums, and the presence of canker sores. Course — up to 5 days, then transition to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage (Oral Rinse): Rinse with 20 ml of solution up to 4 times a day, short-term — no more than 3 days. Use for severe forms of stomatitis, after surgical interventions in the oral cavity, or in the presence of purulent foci.

Preventive Dosage (Oral Rinse): Rinse with 5–10 ml of solution once a day, in courses of 5 days 2 times a month. Recommended for wearing orthodontic appliances, a tendency to gum inflammation, smokers, and chronic gastritis with signs of halitosis.

Pediatric Dosage (Oral Rinse): From 6 years — 5 ml of solution once a day, provided that the child can rinse and does not swallow the liquid. Course — no more than 5 days. Use under 6 years of age is not recommended.

Contraindications (Oral Rinse): Allergy to components, acute mucosal injuries, bleeding ulcers, surgeries in the oral cavity in the first 48 hours. Safety data during pregnancy and lactation are absent.

Side Effects (Oral Rinse): Rarely: feeling of dryness, bitter taste, short-term numbness of the mucosa, increased salivation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oral Rinse): Not required. Adjustment is made according to age and the ability to control rinsing.

Preparation method (Oral Rinse): To prepare 100 ml of solution, take: 3 grams of dry extract of Siamese cassia, 2 ml of propolis tincture, 95 ml of purified water. The dry extract is dissolved in water at a temperature of 35–40 degrees Celsius, then propolis tincture is added and thoroughly mixed. The mixture is filtered through a cotton-gauze filter and poured into an airtight dark glass container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oral Rinse): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4 to 8 degrees Celsius. Avoid direct light and heat. Shelf life — 14 days. After opening, use within 5 days, do not pour used volume back into the container.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Senna siamea

Data on the toxicological safety of Cassia siamea show that the plant in therapeutic doses has low acute toxicity. In a study on rodents, the oral lethal dose (LD₅₀) of aqueous leaf extract of Senna siamea was determined to be above 5000 mg/kg body weight, which indicates relative safety when used in traditionally recommended dosages. With prolonged use of the extract at a dose of up to 1000 mg/kg for 28 days, no histopathological changes were observed in the liver, kidneys, heart, and spleen.

However, when doses are exceeded or used for more than 14–21 days without control, accumulation of anthraquinone compounds is possible, which can lead to irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa and weakening of electrolyte balance. Intravenous or injectable use of Cassia siamea has not been studied and is not recommended. The plant does not possess mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or reproductive toxicity upon oral and external use.

Studies in pregnant and lactating women, as well as in children under 6 years of age, have not been conducted. Therefore, use in these categories is possible only under specialist supervision and in the absence of alternatives.

Reference: Acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of Cassia siamea leaves in Wistar rats – Journal of Toxicology, 2016

Pharmacodynamics — Senna siamea

Siamese cassia contains a complex of biologically active compounds, including anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, which possess a wide range of pharmacodynamic activity. Experimental studies show that preparations based on Senna siamea have a pronounced sedative and anxiolytic effect due to modulation of the activity of central mediator systems. The ability of extracts to affect the central nervous system through mediated interaction with GABAergic and serotonergic receptors has been established.

The antioxidant effect is achieved due to the presence of polyphenolic compounds capable of neutralizing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Along with this, Senna siamea exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, realized through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzyme systems, including cyclooxygenase-2. A number of publications also indicate hepatotropic activity with a pronounced anticholestatic effect, which may be associated with an effect on the regulation of bile metabolism and antioxidant protection of hepatocytes.

Mild spasmolytic activity on smooth muscles has been shown, as well as a possible modulating effect on autonomic regulation, which makes the plant promising within the framework of systemic neurovegetative effects. The effects are realized mainly at the systemic level upon oral and external use.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Pharmacokinetics — Senna siamea

Available pharmacokinetic data on Senna siamea are limited; however, the absorption and excretion profile of active components can be reconstructed from the main classes of compounds included in its composition. Upon oral use, anthracene derivatives undergo biotransformation by the intestinal microflora with the formation of active metabolites, which are largely absorbed in the large intestine. Flavonoids and triterpenoids contained in the plant are absorbed in the small intestine, partially in the form of aglycones after hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, with further metabolism in the liver.

The main route of excretion of anthracene derivatives is through the intestine with bile, to a lesser extent through the kidneys. Substances exhibiting systemic sedative and antioxidant action are characterized by moderate accumulation in the tissues of the central nervous system and liver, which is due to their lipophilic properties and the participation of liver enzyme systems in their metabolism.

With transdermal use (in the form of ointments and infusions), absorption is significantly lower and mainly limited to the epidermal layer, acting at the local level. With local use through mucous membranes (vaginally, rectally), rapid systemic absorption is possible, bypassing the first-pass effect through the liver, especially for lipophilic fractions.

References:
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Senna siamea

The pharmacological action of Senna siamea is realized through a complex of substances interacting with key regulatory systems of the body. It has been established that anthracene derivatives modulate the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, reducing the level of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Polyphenolic components suppress the activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade, which is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

The effect on the nervous system is realized through potentiation of GABA receptor activity, inhibition of serotonin reuptake, and possibly modulation of dopaminergic transmission. Triterpenoids have a stabilizing effect on neuronal and hepatocyte membranes, participate in the regulation of calcium channels, and inhibit excessive excitability of neural networks.

In antioxidant action, the mechanism is associated with the activation of enzyme systems such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, and with direct binding of free radicals. Individual components of the plant raw material also exhibit moderate inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which may be important in the regulation of cognitive processes.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...

Synergy — Senna siamea

Senna siamea demonstrates a potentiating interaction with other plants containing flavonoids and anthracene derivatives. When used together with Curcuma longa, an enhancement of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity is observed due to simultaneous inhibition of NF-κB and activation of antioxidant enzymes. The combination with Melissa officinalis and Passiflora incarnata enhances the sedative and anxiolytic effect through synergistic action on the GABAergic system.

With external use, the combination with Azadirachta indica exhibits an additive antimicrobial effect against gram-positive microorganisms, while in a mixture with Glycyrrhiza glabra, a modulating effect on mucous membranes and a reduction in local inflammation are observed.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Senna siamea

Siamese cassia has traditionally been used in the folk medicine of Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, as well as in a number of African countries where the plant has been naturalized and included in regional herbalists. In the Thai medical tradition, Senna siamea is known as "ขี้เหล็ก" (khi lek) and is considered a plant component with cooling and balancing properties. The leaves of the plant are part of classic Thai decoctions used for recovery after overwork, in ritual ablutions, and also in the form of compresses as part of hot herbal wraps. The flowers of Senna siamea were used in the form of infusions, less often — in steam procedures.

In the Indian Ayurvedic tradition, the plant is known as Kashiya and is described in the context of remedies that affect "high fire" — psychophysiological conditions requiring cooling and pacification. In Sri Lanka, decoctions of bark and leaves were traditionally used as part of purification procedures, especially during the new moon and full moon. In some tribal groups of Eastern India, dry stems and leaves were burned in ritual fires to expel bad dreams and nighttime anxieties.

African ethnographic sources record the use of Senna siamea in Nigerian and Ghanaian medical practices as a plant that "relieves the head" — in this interpretation, the plant was used as part of purification rituals from negative thoughts, including in the form of smoking mixtures, sometimes together with wood ash or sandalwood. In the savannas of East Africa, an infusion of the leaves was used externally in the form of rubs in traditional massage practices aimed at "removing the heaviness of the body."

In Southeast Asia, Siamese cassia also had non-medical use. In the ritual practice of some Thai villages, branches of the plant were placed at the entrance to the house after childbirth or funerals as a temporary barrier against "unclean energy." In Cambodian villages, the plant was used in rituals of purifying space before the start of the agricultural season, burning dried leaves on rice fields. In the folklore of the Isan people, Senna siamea was considered a plant that "strengthens the spirit" and supports "clarity of the soul," especially among the elderly.

Written mentions of the plant are recorded in traditional Thai medical manuscripts dating from the 17th century, where Senna siamea is indicated as a constituent part of cleansing and balancing mixtures. In some cases, the plant was part of ritual mixtures used during the initiation of students in Buddhist monasteries, along with other "plants of concentration."

Thus, the geography of use of Senna siamea covers a wide cultural context in which the plant is attributed both physical and symbolic properties — from body cleansing to protection of mental space.