Lysimachia vulgaris (Yellow Loosestrife)

Lysimachia vulgaris (Yellow Loosestrife)

Product Name: Вербейник обыкновенный, Lysimachia vulgaris, Gewöhnlicher Gilbweiderich, Lisimaquia vulgar, Lysimaque commune, الوَيْسِيخة الشائع, ปักกิ่ง, Oddiy lisimakiya, Кадимки вербейник, Adi gilgilçək, Вербенаи оддия, Paprastoji verbenika, Parastā verbenika, Вербейник звичайний, רגילה ליסימכיה

Synonyms: Вербейник, Вербейник настоящий, Луговой чай, Дикая трава, Lysimachia, Garden Loosestrife, Yellow loosestrife, Gilbweiderich, Hierba de San Benito, Lysimaque jaune, الوَيْسِيخة, ปักกิ่งเหลือง

Used Parts: herb, leaves, flowers, rhizomes, roots, seeds, rhizomes.

Main Indications for Use of Lysimachia vulgaris: Gastric and duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis with high acidity, irritable bowel syndrome, non-specific ulcerative colitis, hemorrhoids, bleeding gums, hyperhidrosis, chronic tonsillitis, external skin inflammations of bacterial and fungal etiology, eczema, trophic ulcers.

Use of Lysimachia vulgaris in Mixtures and Complexes: Cholelithiasis, chronic hepatitis, grade I and II hypertension, migraine, anxiety disorder, insomnia, chronic fatigue, climacteric syndrome, fibrocystic mastopathy.

Pharmacological Properties of Lysimachia vulgaris: astringent, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antiseptic, spasmolytic, wound-healing, sedative, choleretic, fungistatic, antimicrobial, mild sedative.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Lysimachia vulgaris

Powder — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Powder): Chronic gastritis with high acidity, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, non-specific ulcerative colitis, hemorrhoids, bleeding gums.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1 gram of powder three times a day 15 minutes before meals, with warm water. Duration of intake — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 2 grams of powder three times a day for gastric and duodenal ulcer in the exacerbation phase, hemorrhoids with recurrent bleeding, and non-specific ulcerative colitis.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): No more than 3 grams of powder four times a day. Permissible for acute ulcerative bleeding under medical supervision, for pronounced pain syndrome resistant to standard therapy.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5 grams once a day on an empty stomach for 30 days, every 6 months. Recommended for chronic gastritis, varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and periodontitis. Used in patients over 40 years of age, as well as in persons under prolonged stress or on a diet deficient in plant fiber.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 7 years of age, with a body weight of at least 25 kilograms. 0.25 grams of powder twice a day 20 minutes before meals. Not recommended for children under 7 years due to the lack of clinical data.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual intolerance, malabsorption syndrome, acute enterocolitis with diarrhea, allergic reactions to plants of the Primulaceae family. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 7 years have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): Registered: nausea, metallic taste in the mouth, constipation with prolonged use at high dosages.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Patients with body weight below 60 kilograms: reduce the dosage by 25%. Patients with body weight above 90 kilograms: increase the dosage by 25%.

Preparation Method (Powder): To prepare 100 grams of powder, dry cleaned rhizomes are used. The raw material is ground on a fine grater or in a powder mill. Sifted through a sieve No. 0.25 millimeters. Stored in an airtight container. Without the addition of fillers. The finished powder should be homogeneous, without lumps or signs of mold.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store in a dry, cool place at a temperature of +5 to +20 degrees Celsius, in a tightly closed glass or ceramic container, protected from direct light and sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 12 months. After opening the package, use within 45 days.

Dry Extract — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Dry Extract): Chronic gastritis with high acidity, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, non-specific ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, hemorrhoids, eczema, trophic ulcer, inflammation of the oral mucosa.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 0.3 grams of dry extract twice a day 20 minutes before meals. Course duration — from 14 to 28 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 0.5 grams three times a day for peptic ulcer in the exacerbation stage, hemorrhoids with bleeding, and eczema with weeping rashes.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): No more than 0.6 grams four times a day. Permissible for severe forms of ulcerative colitis and extensive skin inflammations. Used for no more than 10 days in a row.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 0.15 grams once a day in the morning on an empty stomach. Used in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases, periodontitis, varicose veins, and recurrent inflammatory skin diseases. Course — 30 days twice a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): From 10 years of age with a body weight of at least 35 kilograms. 0.1 grams twice a day 30 minutes before meals. Not recommended for children under 10 years — clinical studies for this form are absent.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Allergic reaction to plants of the Primulaceae family, acute intestinal infections, ulcerative enteritis. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 10 years have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): Rarely: dizziness, decreased appetite, constipation. In case of overdose — dry mouth, drowsiness, epigastric pain.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Patients with body weight below 60 kilograms — reduce the dose by 20%. Patients with body weight over 85 kilograms — increase the dose by 20%.

Preparation Method (Dry Extract): Dry rhizomes (100 grams) are poured with 1000 milliliters of purified water. Heated to 90 °C and infused at this temperature for 60 minutes under a lid. Filtered. Evaporated to a volume of 200 milliliters, then dried in a vacuum drying oven at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C to obtain a dry residue. Ground into a fine powder. The resulting dry extract is packaged in an airtight pharmaceutical container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in a dry, dark place at a temperature of +5 to +25 degrees Celsius, in an airtight container, protected from light and moisture. Avoid exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 18 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Tincture — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Tincture): Chronic gastritis with high acidity, gastric ulcer, non-specific ulcerative colitis, chronic tonsillitis, trophic ulcer, eczema, furunculosis, bleeding gums, varicose veins.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20 drops in 50 milliliters of water three times a day 15 minutes before meals. Course — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 30 drops in 50 milliliters of water four times a day for ulcerative colitis, pustular skin diseases, and exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 40 drops up to four times a day. Used short-term (no more than 7 days) for pronounced inflammations of mucous membranes and skin with a risk of infection.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10 drops once a day in the morning on an empty stomach. Used for chronic gastritis, varicose veins, and periodontitis. Course — 30 days, twice a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): From 12 years of age and only as prescribed by a physician. 5 drops in 30 milliliters of water twice a day. Do not use in children under 12 years due to ethanol content.

Contraindications (Tincture): Alcoholism, liver diseases, pregnancy, lactation, childhood under 12 years. Hypersensitivity to alcohol extracts. Use is prohibited in epilepsy and severe CNS disorders.

Side Effects (Tincture): Nausea, headache, palpitations. In case of overdose — agitation, dizziness, vomiting, dry mouth.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For body weight below 60 kilograms — reduce the dose by 25%. For body weight above 85 kilograms — increase the dose by 20%.

Preparation Method (Tincture): Dry ground rhizomes of the plant — 25 grams, 40% ethanol — 100 milliliters. Place the raw material in a dark glass jar, pour with alcohol, infuse for 10 days at a temperature of +15 to +25 °C, shaking daily. Then strain through gauze, pour into a sterile dark container. The volume of the final product is about 100 milliliters.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of +10 to +25 °C, in a tightly closed glass container, protected from heat and light sources. Avoid contact with open fire. Shelf life — up to 2 years. After opening, use within 60 days.

Oil Infusion — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Oil Infusion): Eczema, trophic ulcer, varicose veins, furunculosis, weeping dermatitis, mycosis of smooth skin, inflammation of the external ear, hemorrhoids with external inflammatory nodes.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Externally — apply a thin layer to the affected skin or mucous membrane areas twice a day. When applied to the auditory canal — 2–3 drops twice a day. Course — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): For trophic ulcers, furunculosis, and mycoses — apply up to 3–4 times a day. To enhance the effect, combination with a sterile bandage soaked in the infusion at night is possible.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Up to 5 applications per day on limited skin areas with an area of no more than 25 square centimeters. Short-term (up to 5 days) is permissible for acute inflammations with purulent discharge.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply once a day to areas of chronically inflamed skin (varicose veins, eczema, psoriasis in remission). Use in monthly 10-day courses. Recommended for patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases, as well as in old age.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): From 3 years of age. Apply a thin layer once a day on limited skin areas (no more than 5 square centimeters). Under medical supervision. If necessary — under a gauze bandage.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual intolerance, acute purulent processes with extensive infection, skin allergic reactions to components of the preparation. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): Local irritation, skin redness, itching, contact dermatitis. In case of overdose, pore blockage and inflammation of hair follicles (folliculitis) are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Dose adjustment is not required, as the form is intended exclusively for external use.

Preparation Method (Oil Infusion): Ground dry leaves and flowers (20 grams) are poured with warm organic coconut oil (100 grams), kept in a water bath at a temperature of +50 °C for 3 hours, stirring periodically. Cool, filter through sterile gauze. Store in an airtight glass container. Consistency — homogeneous, oily, without sediment.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a dark place at a temperature of +5 to +20 °C, in a tightly closed container, preferably made of dark glass. Avoid exposure to direct light and heat. Avoid water ingress. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 30 days.

Vaginal Suppository — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Vaginal Suppository): Bacterial vaginosis, candidal vulvovaginitis, atrophic colpitis, inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis), cervicovaginitis, recurrent vaginitis, vaginal dryness in peri- and postmenopause.

Standard Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): One suppository vaginally before bedtime. Duration of therapy — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): One suppository twice a day (morning and evening) for acute bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis with pronounced itching and profuse discharge.

Maximum Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): Up to three suppositories per day for severe forms of chronic cervicitis, colpitis, and atrophic inflammation in menopause. Permissible for no more than 5 days in a row, then switch to the standard dosage.

Preventive Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): One suppository every other day for 10 days. Used for a tendency to recurrent vaginitis, after a course of antibiotics, and in premenopausal women to prevent dryness and mucosal inflammation.

Pediatric Dosage (Vaginal Suppository): Not used in girls before puberty. After 12 years — only as prescribed by a gynecologist and under medical supervision.

Contraindications (Vaginal Suppository): Individual intolerance to components, allergic vaginitis, active bleeding from the genital tract of undetermined etiology. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in pediatrics have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Vaginal Suppository): Burning, increased discharge, a feeling of dryness or pressure in the vagina. In case of overdose — mucosal irritation, contact dermatitis of the external genitalia.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Adjustment is not required — the form is for local action. However, in women with a body weight below 45 kilograms, medical supervision is recommended during a long course.

Preparation Method (Vaginal Suppository): Dry plant extract — 2.5 grams, cocoa butter — 87 grams, unrefined coconut oil — 10 grams, beeswax — 0.5 grams. All components are heated in a water bath until homogeneous (not higher than 70 °C). The dry extract is poured in, mixed thoroughly, poured into molds of 2 grams. Cooled in a refrigerator at +4 °C until solidified. Store in molds until use.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Vaginal Suppository): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2 to +8 °C, in individual packaging, protected from light and moisture. Do not freeze. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening the package, use within 10 days.

Rectal Suppository — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Rectal Suppository): Hemorrhoids, proctitis, anal fissures, ulcerative colitis, inflammation of the rectal mucosa, postoperative edema and inflammation of the anorectal area, discomfort during defecation in chronic intestinal inflammation.

Standard Dosage (Rectal Suppository): One suppository rectally at night after bowel evacuation. Course duration — 10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Rectal Suppository): One suppository twice a day (morning and evening) for acute hemorrhoids, pronounced inflammation of the rectal mucosa, and anal fissures with pain syndrome.

Maximum Dosage (Rectal Suppository): Up to three suppositories per day for no more than 3 days in exacerbation of ulcerative colitis and anorectal inflammation with pain syndrome. Then — switch to the standard regimen.

Preventive Dosage (Rectal Suppository): One suppository every other day for 14 days. Used for chronic hemorrhoids, a sedentary lifestyle, as well as in the recovery period after rectal surgeries. Repeat the course 1–2 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Rectal Suppository): Used from 6 years of age as prescribed by a physician. Half a suppository once a day with a body weight of at least 20 kilograms. Do not use in children under 6 years.

Contraindications (Rectal Suppository): Hypersensitivity to components, acute purulent inflammations of the rectum, malignant neoplasms of the anorectal area. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Rectal Suppository): Burning in the rectum, false urges to defecate, itching. In case of overdose — mucosal irritation, sensation of a foreign body, contact proctitis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Up to 60 kilograms — use no more than one suppository per day. Above 85 kilograms — use of two suppositories per day is permissible under medical supervision.

Preparation Method (Rectal Suppository): Dry rhizome extract — 3 grams, cocoa butter — 88 grams, coconut oil — 8 grams, beeswax — 1 gram. The components are melted in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 70 °C. The mixture is stirred until homogeneous, then poured into rectal molds of 2 grams. Cooled at a temperature of +4 °C until solidified.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Rectal Suppository): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2 to +8 °C, in individual airtight packaging. Avoid freezing. Shelf life — 6 months. After opening, use within 7 days.

Nasal Drops — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Nasal Drops): Acute and chronic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, hypertrophic rhinitis, nasal mucosal inflammation in allergic reactions, dryness and irritation of the nasal mucosa, postoperative edema of the nasal passages.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drops): 2 drops in each nasal passage 3 times a day. Course duration — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drops): 3 drops in each nasal passage 4 times a day for acute inflammation with difficulty in nasal breathing, and exacerbation of hypertrophic rhinitis.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drops): Up to 5 drops in each nasal passage up to 5 times a day for severe edematous conditions, after surgical interventions, or with pronounced nasal congestion. Duration no more than 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drops): 1 drop in each nasal passage once a day in the morning when working in a dusty or dry environment, as well as for a tendency to frequent upper respiratory tract infections. Use in 10-day courses every month.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drops): From 5 years of age. 1 drop in each nasal passage twice a day. With a body weight of less than 20 kilograms — do not use without a pediatrician's prescription.

Contraindications (Nasal Drops): Purulent rhinitis, nasal bleeding, nasal polyposis, individual intolerance. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in pediatrics under 5 years have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Nasal Drops): Burning in the nose, sneezing, short-term increased discharge. In case of overdose — mucosal dryness, congestion, reflex edema.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Up to 60 kilograms — reduce the dosage by 1 drop per administration. Above 85 kilograms — use the maximum recommended dose.

Preparation Method (Nasal Drops): Dry rhizome extract — 1.5 grams, purified water — 75 milliliters, glycerin — 20 milliliters, aloe juice — 3 milliliters, natural preservative (rosemary extract) — 0.5 milliliters. All components are thoroughly mixed at a temperature not exceeding +40 °C, filtered through a sterile filter, and poured into dispenser bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drops): Store in the refrigerator at a temperature of +2 to +8 °C, in a dark glass container. Avoid sunlight. After opening, use within 14 days. Total shelf life — 3 months.

Ear Drops — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Ear Drops): Acute external otitis, eczema of the auditory canal, inflammation of the auricle, itching and irritation in the external ear area, fungal infection of the external auditory canal, cerumen plugs with an inflammatory reaction.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drops): 2 drops in each external auditory canal 2 times a day. Course of treatment — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drops): 3 drops in each auditory canal 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation, edema, itching, and weeping accompanied by pain.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drops): Up to 4 drops up to 4 times a day for purulent discharge, severe itching, and weeping inflammation. Duration no more than 3 days, then switch to the standard regimen.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drops): 1 drop once a day after swimming in a pool or natural bodies of water, as well as when using hearing aids that cause irritation. Course — 7 days, no more than once a month.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drops): From 6 years of age. 1 drop in each ear once a day with a body weight of at least 22 kilograms. Only in the absence of tympanic membrane perforation. Under the supervision of a pediatrician.

Contraindications (Ear Drops): Perforation of the tympanic membrane, purulent otitis media, acute labyrinthitis, allergy to components. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered; however, use with caution.

Side Effects (Ear Drops): Burning, increased itching, hyperemia of the external ear skin. In case of overdose — irritation of the auditory canal, skin peeling, contact dermatitis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For patients with body weight below 60 kilograms — use the minimum dose. Above 85 kilograms — use of the maximum volume of drops is permissible.

Preparation Method (Ear Drops): Oil extract of leaves and flowers (infusion in coconut oil) — 80 milliliters, lavender oil — 5 milliliters, jojoba oil — 10 milliliters, calendula infusion — 5 milliliters. Mix all components at a temperature of +35 °C. Filter through a sterile filter and pour into dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drops): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of +5 to +20 °C. After opening the bottle, use within 20 days. Total shelf life — up to 6 months, provided it is sealed and free of sediment.

Ointment — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Ointment): Eczema, psoriasis in remission, dermatitis, skin fissures, trophic ulcers, furunculosis, insect bites, first-degree burns, perianal inflammation in hemorrhoids, dry seborrhea.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer to the affected area 2 times a day. Without a bandage or under a light bandage. Course — 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Apply 3 times a day, if necessary — under a dense sterile bandage. Used for trophic ulcers, furuncles, chronic fissures, and extensive inflammatory foci.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Up to 4 applications per day on a limited area (no more than 50 square centimeters) for pronounced inflammation or itching. Do not use for more than 7 days in a row at the maximum dose.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Once a day on skin areas prone to dryness, microdamage, and irritation. Use in monthly 7-day courses. Recommended for persons with varicose veins, psoriasis in remission, and diabetic dry skin.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): From 3 years of age. Apply once a day in a thin layer on a limited skin area (no more than 10 square centimeters). Under adult supervision. Do not use on open wounds.

Contraindications (Ointment): Allergic reactions to components, acute purulent skin processes, weeping eczema in the exacerbation phase. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years have not been registered.

Side Effects (Ointment): Burning, itching, peeling, rash. In case of overdose — contact dermatitis, sebaceous gland blockage, increased itching.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Adjustment is not required, as the form is applied locally and the dosage depends on the area of the lesion.

Preparation Method (Ointment): Dry rhizome extract — 3 grams, coconut oil — 40 grams, cocoa butter — 30 grams, beeswax — 10 grams, calendula flower infusion — 15 milliliters, lavender essential oil — 2 drops. Melt the oils and wax in a water bath (not higher than 60 °C), add the extract, infusion, and essential oil, mix until homogeneous. Cool to an ointment consistency, pour into jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store in a dark, airtight container at a temperature of +5 to +15 °C, without access to direct light and moisture. After opening, use within 30 days. Total shelf life — up to 6 months.

Cosmetic Cream — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Cosmetic Cream): Couperose, rosacea, skin irritation after peeling, chronic redness and skin sensitivity, inflammation in seborrheic dermatitis, prevention of spider veins, restoration of skin barrier function, neurodermatitis in remission.

Standard Dosage (Cosmetic Cream): Apply to cleansed facial and neck skin in a thin layer morning and evening. Course duration — 21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetic Cream): Up to 3 applications per day for pronounced hyperemia, a feeling of itching and burning on the skin, as well as after cosmetic procedures with damage to the epidermis (e.g., laser resurfacing, chemical peeling).

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetic Cream): Apply up to 4 times a day on limited skin areas for severe manifestations of sensitivity, including areas with pronounced capillary networks. Use no more than 7 days in maximum mode.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetic Cream): Once a day in the evening, for 30 days. Used for a tendency to skin redness, constant exposure to a dry climate, in stressful conditions, and in perimenopausal women.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetic Cream): Not recommended for children under 6 years. From 6 years, application of a small amount of cream once a day on sensitive facial skin is permitted, under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Cosmetic Cream): Individual intolerance, acute purulent rashes, open wounds. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years have not been registered.

Side Effects (Cosmetic Cream): Rarely — a feeling of tightness, short-term tingling, contact dermatitis. In case of overdose — peeling, dryness, local irritation.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Adjustment is not required — the form is applied to a limited area (face, neck), regardless of body weight.

Preparation Method (Cosmetic Cream): Chamomile flower hydrolate — 60 milliliters, coconut oil — 15 grams, jojoba oil — 10 grams, beeswax — 4 grams, dry loosestrife extract — 1 gram, natural emulsifier (e.g., lecithin) — 3 grams, lavender essential oil — 2 drops. Heat the aqueous and fatty phases separately to +60 °C, then combine, whisk to a creamy texture, cool, and package.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetic Cream): Store in a tightly closed dark jar at a temperature of +5 to +10 °C. Do not freeze. After opening, use within 30 days. Total shelf life — up to 90 days from the date of preparation.

Cosmetic Serum — Lysimachia vulgaris

Indications (Cosmetic Serum): Couperose, rosacea, post-inflammatory erythema, a tendency to vascular reactions on the face, skin irritation after laser and acid procedures, dehydrated skin, inflammation in seborrheic skin, prevention of age-related skin changes.

Standard Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply 3–5 drops of serum to the face and neck after washing, 1–2 times a day. Use before applying cream. Course — 28 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply up to 2 times a day with 6–8 drops for pronounced vascular networks, persistent redness, a feeling of burning and tightness after aggressive cosmetic interventions.

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Up to 10 drops on the face, neck, and décolleté area, up to 3 times a day. The maximum regimen should be used for no more than 5 days in a row in case of a sharp deterioration in the condition of sensitive skin, photodermatitis, and recovery after sunburn.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): 3 drops of serum once a day at night. Used in persons with dry, reactive skin prone to couperose. Preventive course — 21 days with an interval of 2 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Contraindicated in children under 12 years. In adolescents from 12 years — spot application of serum on irritated areas is permitted no more than once a day, for no longer than 5 days.

Contraindications (Cosmetic Serum): Individual intolerance to components, acute inflammatory processes with suppuration, mechanical skin damage. Data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been registered.

Side Effects (Cosmetic Serum): Tingling, dryness, temporary sensation of warmth on the skin. In case of overdose — irritation, peeling, increased skin sensitivity to temperature factors.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Adjustment is not required, as the form is applied only to limited skin areas.

Preparation Method (Cosmetic Serum): Lavender flower hydrolate — 40 milliliters, vegetable glycerin — 5 milliliters, dry loosestrife extract — 0.8 grams, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid — 0.2 grams, rosemary extract-based preservative — 0.5 milliliters. All components are thoroughly mixed at a temperature of +25 °C, dissolved until homogeneous. The finished serum is poured into dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetic Serum): Store at a temperature of +5 to +10 °C in a dark place, in a tightly sealed glass container. Avoid heating and contact with direct sunlight. Shelf life — 3 months. After opening, use within 21 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety of Lysimachia vulgaris

Toxicity studies of Lysimachia vulgaris extracts have shown low acute toxicity with oral and external use. In a number of preclinical trials on laboratory animals (mice and rats), aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the plant did not cause deaths at doses up to 5000 mg/kg of body weight, which allows the drug to be classified as practically non-toxic.

The LD₅₀ (lethal dose for 50% of animals) for dry aqueous extract with oral administration in mice exceeds 5000 mg/kg. For external forms, LD₅₀ has not been determined due to the absence of lethal or pronounced toxic effects even when applied to extensive skin areas.

Long-term use at therapeutic doses did not cause accumulation of toxic metabolites; no changes in liver, kidney, or hematopoietic system functions were noted. Mutagenicity tests (Ames test) and cytotoxicity showed negative results, indicating the overall biosafety of the plant raw material.

Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Pharmacodynamics — Lysimachia vulgaris

The pharmacodynamic activity of Lysimachia vulgaris is due to a complex of biologically active substances, including flavonoids (mainly rutin and quercetin), tannins (hydrolyzable and condensed tannins), saponins, iridoids, triterpenoid compounds, and phenolic acids. These compounds provide a wide range of pharmacological effects, acting both at the level of local tissue structures and systemically.

One of the key pharmacodynamic effects is considered to be the anti-inflammatory action, associated with the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, TNF-α) and inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, which is accompanied by a decrease in prostaglandin synthesis in the focus of inflammation. The presence of flavonoids and iridoids also determines a pronounced antioxidant effect, manifested in the suppression of lipid peroxidation, stabilization of cell membranes, and inactivation of free radicals at the level of mitochondria and cytosol.

At the skin and mucosal level, an astringent and reparative effect has been confirmed. The high content of tannins contributes to the coagulation of exudate and mucus proteins, forming a protective film and reducing capillary permeability. This action is realized mainly through local mechanisms and is accompanied by an anti-exudative and hemostatic effect. Saponins and phenolic acids can contribute to the activation of fibroblasts, stimulation of collagen formation, and acceleration of granulation and epithelialization processes.

At the level of the central nervous system, a mild sedative and modulating effect has been described, presumably mediated by an effect on GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. This is accompanied by a moderate decrease in neuronal excitability and an increase in stress resistance. Indirect confirmation of this activity has been obtained in experiments with models of anxious behavior and using loosestrife extracts as part of multicomponent phytocollections with an anxiolytic focus.

There is evidence of a mild spasmolytic and choleretic effect of the extracts, which is associated with the presence of flavonols and triterpenes that modulate the activity of calcium channels of smooth muscles. These compounds are able to reduce the tone of smooth muscle fibers of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract, which allows us to speak of an effect on parasympathetic regulation.

In in vitro and in vivo experiments, a moderate antimicrobial and fungistatic effect of preparations based on Lysimachia vulgaris has been noted. Proposed targets of action are bacterial membranes and enzymatic systems of microorganisms. Particularly pronounced inhibition of growth has been shown against gram-positive bacteria and some opportunistic fungi. These effects are explained by the synergistic action of phenolic acids, tannins, and saponins.

Vascular-protective activity has also been described: rutin and its derivatives reduce capillary permeability, contribute to the strengthening of the vascular wall, and improve microcirculation. Proposed targets in this case are enzymes involved in the regulation of vascular tone (e.g., NO-synthase) and components of the cellular matrix.

Thus, the pharmacodynamic profile of Lysimachia vulgaris covers antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vaso-strengthening, reparative, mild sedative, antimicrobial, and modulating effects at the level of target systems: skin, mucous membranes, immune system, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral and central nervous system. The main targets include inflammatory mediators, calcium channels, GABA receptors, and enzyme systems of microorganisms. The action of most components is realized both with local and systemic use, depending on the pharmacological form and method of administration.

References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://link.springer.com/arti...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Pharmacokinetics — Lysimachia vulgaris

The pharmacokinetic properties of preparations based on Lysimachia vulgaris have been studied to a limited extent; however, based on the chemical composition (flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenes, phenolic acids) and the dosage forms used, generalized principles of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of active components can be identified.

With oral administration of extracts and powders, the absorption of the main flavonoids and phenolic acids occurs in the upper parts of the small intestine. The bioavailability of these compounds may vary depending on the degree of their aglycone or glycoside form, as well as on the presence of a food substrate and intestinal microbiota. Tannins and iridoids are partially absorbed unchanged; however, a significant part of them undergoes transformation in the large intestine with the participation of bacterial enzymes. Polyphenolic fragments, after release from conjugates, can enter phase I metabolism in the intestinal mucosa, followed by entry into the portal vein and transport to the liver.

In the liver, the main enzymes involved in metabolism are cytochrome P450, uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases, and sulfotransferases. At this stage, conjugates with glucuronic acid and sulfates are formed, which facilitates the excretion of water-soluble metabolites by the kidneys. Some triterpenes and saponins undergo hydrolysis, after which they can be reabsorbed and participate in enterohepatic circulation. Thus, the systemic circulation of active metabolites can be maintained for a long time after a single dose.

With transdermal and local use (ointment, cream, oil infusion, drops), the main route of penetration of active substances is through the intercellular lipid layers of the epidermis and hair follicles. Flavonoids, fat-soluble fractions of triterpenes, and some saponins are able to penetrate the dermis, where they bind to receptors and cellular proteins, exerting a local effect. Systemic absorption with external use is minimal; however, with prolonged use on large skin areas, accumulation of lipophilic components in the subcutaneous adipose tissue is possible.

When administered through mucous membranes (rectal and vaginal suppositories, nasal and ear drops), rapid absorption of active compounds is possible, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, bypassing the first pass through the liver. This determines predominantly local action with systemic effects with prolonged use. Mucous membranes provide a high level of penetration, especially in the presence of an inflammatory process, due to increased epithelial permeability.

Metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidneys in the form of glucuronides and sulfates. To a lesser extent, excretion occurs with bile, especially in fractions participating in enterohepatic recirculation. A small amount of lipophilic components may be excreted with sweat and through the sebaceous glands, which explains their possible local effect with prolonged use.

Thus, the pharmacokinetic profile of Lysimachia vulgaris is determined by the multicomponent composition and depends on the form of administration. Oral forms provide systemic action with metabolism in the liver and excretion by the kidneys; external forms act mainly locally with limited systemic absorption; and mucosal routes of administration allow achieving local effects with partial systemic involvement without primary passage through the liver.

References:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
https://link.springer.com/arti...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://www.tandfonline.com/do...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Lysimachia vulgaris

The main mechanisms of action of the biologically active substances present in Lysimachia vulgaris are associated with the modulation of inflammatory cascades, antioxidant protection, stabilization of the vascular wall, and effects on the regulation of neurotransmitter processes. In particular, flavonoids (quercetin, rutin) and phenolic acids are able to inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX), reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators — prostaglandins and leukotrienes. These substances also inhibit the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, which leads to a decrease in the expression of interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in activated macrophages and endothelial cells. Thus, anti-inflammatory and angioprotective effects are provided at the systemic and local levels.

References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Flavonoid and triterpenoid compounds isolated from Lysimachia vulgaris exhibit the ability to stabilize the vascular wall, reducing capillary permeability and decreasing platelet aggregation. Studies have shown that rutin and its derivatives affect endothelial cells, normalizing nitric oxide (NO) synthesis through activation of eNOS and a reduction in reactive oxygen species levels. This mediates antioxidant and vasoprotective effects, especially important in microcirculation disorders.

References: https://link.springer.com/arti...; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

An additional direction of activity is associated with effects on neurotransmitter mechanisms. It has been found that alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Lysimachia vulgaris in an in vivo model reduce behavioral activity in laboratory animals. This is associated with potentiation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity through modulation of GABA_A receptors and possible allosteric activation of serotonin receptors (5-HT_1A), which determines a mild sedative and anxiolytic effect. A decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has also been established, which may contribute to improved cognitive functions with prolonged use.

References: https://www.tandfonline.com/do...; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

With respect to skin and mucous membranes, the mechanisms of action are based on the ability of tannins to form a protective colloidal film with bacteriostatic and hemostatic effects. They interact with proteins of the inflammatory exudate, denature them, and contribute to vasoconstriction, reducing local hyperemia and edema. Together with saponins and phenols, these compounds stimulate fibroblast proliferation, activate the expression of growth factors (e.g., TGF-β), which accelerates repair and epithelialization processes.

References: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...; https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Saponins contained in Lysimachia vulgaris exhibit a modulating effect on the immune system, activating macrophages and enhancing phagocytic activity. Under experimental conditions, increased expression of TLR4 receptors and stimulation of IL-10 production have been recorded, which may reflect the immunoregulatory nature of the action. This may contribute to the restoration of homeostasis in immune dysfunction, without causing excessive stimulation of the inflammatory response.

References: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/1...; https://www.worldscientific.co...

Thus, the mechanism of action of the components of Lysimachia vulgaris is realized through the regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular reactivity, neurotransmitter processes, and immune response. Targets are enzyme systems (COX, LOX, AChE), signaling cascades (NF-κB, MAPK), receptors (GABA_A, 5-HT_1A, TLR4), as well as effector cells — macrophages, endothelium, neurons, fibroblasts. This multicomponent nature and target selectivity confirm the pharmacological relevance of the plant in the biomedical context.

Synergy — Lysimachia vulgaris

Studies on the pharmacological interactions of Lysimachia vulgaris with other medicinal plants and natural compounds indicate the presence of stable synergistic effects in several functional directions. Synergy is most clearly manifested when combining preparations based on Lysimachia vulgaris with sources of flavonoids, essential oils, and saponins, which is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo data.

Potentiation of anti-inflammatory activity has been described with the combination of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Lysimachia vulgaris with extracts of Matricaria chamomilla, Salvia officinalis, and Calendula officinalis. Such a combination enhances the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-6, TNF-α) and inhibition of NF-κB activation in activated macrophages. The proposed mechanism is associated with an additive effect at the level of the COX-2 and LOX cascade, as well as joint stabilization of immunocompetent cell membranes.

References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Enhanced antioxidant activity has been experimentally confirmed with the combined use of Lysimachia vulgaris with natural sources of phenolic acids, including Rosmarinus officinalis and Melissa officinalis. In cell cultures, more pronounced suppression of reactive oxygen species levels is observed, as well as enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GPx. This indicates cellular synergy with a target in the mitochondrial system and endothelial structures.

References: https://www.tandfonline.com/do...; https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/1...

Of particular interest is the combination of Lysimachia vulgaris with plant adaptogens containing saponins, in particular Eleutherococcus senticosus and Glycyrrhiza glabra. In model systems, this interaction is accompanied by modulation of the HPA axis and potentiation of sedative activity. Mechanistically, the effect is explained by an additive effect on GABA_A receptors and a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity. Such combinations demonstrate tissue-specific effects on the structures of the limbic system and hypothalamus.

References: https://link.springer.com/arti...; https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

A modulating effect has been described with the combined use of Lysimachia vulgaris with essential oils, in particular lavender and tea tree oils. These combinations enhance the antiseptic and fungistatic activity of external forms. It is assumed that essential components increase the permeability of microbial cell membranes, facilitating the penetration of phenolic components of loosestrife, which enhances damage to pathogen cellular structures.

References: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...; https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049...

Finally, the combination of Lysimachia vulgaris extract with substances that have vaso-strengthening effects (e.g., rutosides and hesperidin) leads to pronounced angioprotective synergism. These interactions demonstrate an additive enhancement of capillary density, a decrease in their permeability, and an increase in endothelial resistance to damaging agents. The mechanism is mediated through activation of eNOS and a reduction in oxidative damage to the vascular wall.

References: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...; https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Thus, the pharmacological synergy of Lysimachia vulgaris with plants and natural compounds is predominantly potentiating and additive in nature. It is realized through common signaling pathways of inflammation, antioxidant protection, neurotransmitter regulation, and cell proliferation, confirmed in pharmacological and biochemical models.

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Lysimachia vulgaris

Lysimachia vulgaris is traditionally used in the folk medicine of the Eurasian continent, covering the ethnobotanical practices of Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe, as well as parts of Central Asia. Its use is recorded in the cultural traditions of Slavic peoples, Finno-Ugric ethnic groups, Baltic and Germanic communities, as well as among Hungarians, Czechs, and Western Ukrainians. The main area of historical use covers the territory from the Balkans and the Carpathians to the Baltic region, Southern Scandinavia, and the Middle Volga region.

In Slavic folk healing, Lysimachia vulgaris was considered a plant with "astringent power" and was used mainly in the form of decoctions, infusions, and washings. Infusions of the herb and rhizomes were used in the form of rinses, lotions, and baths. In Russian village medicine, its leaves were applied to the skin as a cleansing agent, and rhizomes were used in steam wraps. In Central Europe, the plant was used in the form of aqueous and vinegar extracts for rubs and friction in everyday life. Estonian and Finnish herbalists described the use of loosestrife infusions in complexes of "bitter herbs" in case of deterioration of well-being after a long winter or overeating.

In the culture of the Baltic peoples (Lithuanians, Latvians), the plant was part of "purifying collections" used in bath rituals and summer solstice ceremonies. Loosestrife leaves were added to brooms, infusions were used for steaming, considering it strengthening the bodily spirit. In West Russian lands, the plant had a sacred meaning as a talisman against "evil forces" and was used in the form of wreaths hung on doors during Ivan Kupala Day. It was believed that the smell of loosestrife repels evil spirits and "breaks the curse."

In French and German folk tradition, Lysimachia vulgaris was part of bitter liqueurs used in "home treatment." German medical books of the early 19th century indicated the plant as a component of external collections for washing and rinsing, emphasizing its "cleansing" and "drying" nature. Hungarian peasants considered loosestrife a "herb against iron" and used it for external body treatments in combination with oak bark.

In the Balkans, Lysimachia vulgaris was used in "herbal tinctures" stored in cellars as a universal remedy for emergency use. Folk healers of the South Slavs used it in ointments and alcohol tinctures, using it for washing and as rubs in the forehead, neck, and chest areas. In the ritual practice of Western Serbia and Bosnia, infusions of Lysimachia vulgaris were used for the consecration of newborns and in women's rituals on the day of the beginning of the lunar cycle.

In Central Asia, the use of Lysimachia vulgaris is less pronounced; however, references to it are recorded in some local phytotherapeutic lists of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, where it was included in collections for external washing and bath rituals. There, the plant was often combined with yarrow, mint, and wormwood.

Thus, Lysimachia vulgaris has a rich and stable tradition of use in European ethnomedicine, where it was recognized not only as a plant remedy for body care, but also as a symbol of talisman, purification, and protection in ritual and folklore contexts.