Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate

Product Name: Перманганат калия, Potassium permanganate, Kaliumpermanganat, Permanganato de potasio, Permanganate de potassium, برمنجنات البوتاسيوم, ด่างทับทิม, Kaliy permanganat, Калий перманганаты, Kalium permanganatı, Калий перманганат, Kalio permanganatas, Kālija permanganāts, Калій перманганат, אשלגן פרמנגנט

Synonyms: марганцовка, potassium permanganate, permanganic acid potassium salt, Condy's crystals, purple crystals, Kaliumpermanganat, Permanganato potásico, Cristales de Condy, Permanganate de potassium, Cristaux de Condy, برمنجنات البوتاسيوم, น้ำยาแดง, คริสตัลคอนดี้

Parts Used: — (substance of synthetic origin, no plant parts).

Main Indications for Use of Potassium permanganate: acute bacterial dermatitis, pyoderma, folliculitis, impetigo, ulcerative-necrotic skin lesions, infected burns, fungal infections of the skin and mucous membranes, stomatitis, gingivitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, urethritis, vaginitis, vaginal candidiasis, phosphorus and morphine poisoning, poisoning by plant alkaloids, purulent wounds, pressure ulcers, skin fissures, intertrigo, infected corns, myiasis.

Use of Potassium permanganate in Mixtures and Complexes: ulcerative-necrotic form of diabetes mellitus, chronic bacterial vulvovaginitis, hyperhidrosis with maceration, subacute forms of dermatophytosis, chronic tonsillitis, secondarily infected forms of eczema, post-traumatic purulent infiltration, diabetic foot syndrome, gangrenous pyoderma, secondary fungal flora in opportunistic infections.

Pharmacological Properties of Potassium permanganate: antiseptic, deodorizing, anti-putrefactive, fungicidal, bactericidal, astringent, keratolytic, oxidizing, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, detoxifying, hemostatic, antipruritic.

Dosage Form: crystals, powder, tablets for solution preparation (e.g., Permitabs, EN-Potab).

Permissible Pharmacological Form: aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.

The preparation is used only externally or internally — with strict adherence to concentrations. Solutions are prepared immediately before use. Storage of the prepared solution is not recommended.

Aqueous Solution — Potassium permanganate

Indications (Aqueous Solution): acute bacterial dermatitis, pyoderma, ulcerative-necrotic skin lesions, infected burns, fungal skin infections, vaginal candidiasis, gingivitis, stomatitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, phosphorus poisoning, morphine poisoning, urethritis, vaginitis, myiasis, skin fissures, maceration due to hyperhidrosis, infected abrasions and pressure ulcers.

Standard Dosage (Aqueous Solution): Externally: for baths and washes, a 0.01% solution is used — 1 gram of powder per 10 liters of water. The procedure is carried out 1–2 times a day for 10–15 minutes, course of 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Aqueous Solution): For treating necrotic and infected ulcers, pressure ulcers, areas with purulent exudate, a 0.1% solution is used — 1 gram of powder per 1 liter of water. Applied 2–3 times a day as a compress or application, course up to 10 days.

Maximum Dosage (Aqueous Solution): For short-term (no more than 1 minute) local cauterizing treatment for gangrenous pyoderma, myiasis, warts, a 0.5% solution is used — 5 grams of powder per 1 liter of water. After the procedure, thorough rinsing with saline solution is necessary. The maximum course should not exceed 3 days.

Preventive Dosage (Aqueous Solution): For patients with chronic skin candidiasis, recurrent forms of gingivitis, hyperhidrosis, preventive use of 0.01% solution in the form of baths and rinses 2 times a week. Course — up to 1 month followed by a break. Applicable for adults and persons over 12 years of age.

Pediatric Dosage (Aqueous Solution): For external use in children over 2 years of age with body weight from 12 kg, a 0.005–0.01% solution is used — 0.5–1 gram of powder per 10 liters of water. Used for baths, wipes, rinses of mucous membranes with strict filtration of the solution. Only as prescribed by a doctor. For children under 2 years of age, use is permissible only in the form of baths no more than once every 2 days under the supervision of a specialist.

Contraindications (Aqueous Solution): Hypersensitivity to manganese, acute allergic reactions to oxidizers, presence of open deep wounds or burns when using a concentrated solution, skin diseases with thinning of the epidermis. Contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood with external use of a diluted solution are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Aqueous Solution): The following side effects are scientifically registered in case of overdose: chemical burns of the skin and mucous membranes, hyperpigmentation, local tissue necrosis, acute conjunctival irritation if it gets into the eyes, nail staining, upper respiratory tract irritation when inhaling powder.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Aqueous Solution): For patients with body weight below 60 kg, it is recommended to reduce the volume of solution in procedures to 5 liters per bath. For patients with body weight above 90 kg, the volume is increased to 15 liters of water while maintaining the solution proportion (e.g., 1.5 grams of powder per 15 liters of water at 0.01% concentration).

Preparation method (Aqueous Solution):

To prepare 1000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.1 grams
• Cooled boiled water — 1000 milliliters

Measure the powder on an analytical balance, pour into a glass container with warm water at a temperature of 30–35 °C. Mix thoroughly until completely dissolved. Be sure to filter through 3–4 layers of sterile gauze. Prepare the solution immediately before use.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Aqueous Solution): The finished aqueous solution is not subject to storage. Use only freshly prepared. Do not allow contact with metal, plastic, or rubber utensils. Store the powder in a sealed dark glass container, at a temperature of 5 to 25 °C, in a dry place protected from light and EMI. Shelf life of the powder — up to 36 months from the date of manufacture, provided the packaging is sealed.

Compress — Potassium permanganate

Indications (Compress): infected ulcerative-necrotic skin lesions, purulent skin fissures, dermatophytosis with maceration, foot mycoses, pyoderma in the subacute stage, hyperhidrosis with maceration, purulent wounds, warts.

Standard Dosage (Compress): A 0.01% solution is used — 0.1 grams of powder per 1 liter of water. Sterile gauze is soaked, squeezed to a damp state, and applied to the affected area for 10–15 minutes. Repeat 1–2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Compress): A 0.1% solution is used — 1 gram of powder per 1 liter of water. Used for ulcers with purulent discharge, warts, hyperkeratoses. Application time — no more than 5 minutes. Apply once a day, course 3–5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Compress): A 0.5% solution is used — 5 grams of powder per 1 liter of water, only pointwise and short-term (up to 1 minute) under medical supervision. Used for myiasis, gangrenous pyoderma, warts. After the procedure, the area is washed with water.

Preventive Dosage (Compress): For patients with chronic hyperhidrosis, tendency to skin maceration, history of mycoses — a 0.005–0.01% solution is used as a compress 2 times a week. Use in a course of 1 month with breaks.

Pediatric Dosage (Compress): From 3 years of age, a compress is allowed for pyoderma and mycoses, only a 0.005% solution (0.05 grams per 1 liter). Procedure time — no more than 5 minutes, course — up to 5 days.

Contraindications (Compress): Hypersensitivity, acute dermatoses with skin thinning, extensive burns, fresh deep wounds. There are no registered contraindications during pregnancy and lactation with external use of a diluted solution.

Side Effects (Compress): Skin burns, epidermal darkening, allergic contact dermatitis, ulcerative changes when exceeding the dosage.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Compress): Correction is not required, as it is applied locally. The area of exposure should be reduced for body weight below 40 kg (children and adolescents).

Preparation method (Compress):

To prepare 1000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.1 grams
• Boiled water — 1000 milliliters

The solution is prepared according to standard technology, filtered, and then used to impregnate sterile gauze. Applied to the skin after hygienic treatment.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Compress): The solution is not subject to storage. Use immediately. Store the powder in a dry, dark, ventilated room at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C, in its original sealed packaging. Shelf life — 3 years.

Nasal Drop — Potassium permanganate

Indications (Nasal Drop): acute rhinitis of bacterial etiology, purulent sinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal myiasis, bacterial rhinopharyngitis.

Standard Dosage (Nasal Drop): A 0.01% solution is instilled in a volume of 2–3 drops into each nostril 2 times a day after cleansing the nasal passages. Course — 3–5 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Nasal Drop): The use of a 0.02% solution (0.2 grams of powder per 1 liter) is allowed for purulent discharge and foul odor from the nose. 2 drops 3 times a day. Course — up to 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Nasal Drop): The use of a solution above 0.02% is prohibited due to the risk of mucosal burn. The maximum permissible concentration is 0.02%, frequency of use no more than 3 times a day, course — no longer than 5 days.

Preventive Dosage (Nasal Drop): For patients with chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis of bacterial nature, a course of 1 drop of 0.01% solution in each nostril once every 2 days is allowed. Course — 7–10 days during the off-season.

Pediatric Dosage (Nasal Drop): Allowed only from 5 years of age. Apply 1 drop of 0.005% solution (0.05 g of powder per 1 liter of water) once a day, for no longer than 3 days. Strict filtration and medical supervision are mandatory.

Contraindications (Nasal Drop): Acute atrophic rhinitis, ulcerative-necrotic lesions of the nasal mucosa, nosebleeds, hypersensitivity. No data on safety during pregnancy and lactation.

Side Effects (Nasal Drop): Scientifically registered: mucosal burning, swelling, chemical burn, headache, increased mucus secretion, increased rhinorrhea.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Nasal Drop): Dosage adjustment by body weight is not required, but smaller volumes should be used in children — no more than 1 drop per nostril.

Preparation method (Nasal Drop):

To prepare 1000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.1 grams
• Cooled boiled water — 1000 milliliters

Mix the solution thoroughly until completely dissolved, filter through sterile gauze. Pour into a sterile glass bottle with a pipette. Store for no more than 24 hours.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Nasal Drop): The prepared solution is stored for no more than 24 hours in a refrigerator at a temperature of +2 to +8 °C in a hermetically sealed glass bottle. Powder — at a temperature not exceeding 25 °C, in a place protected from light, in a tightly closed container.

Ear Drop — Potassium permanganate

Indications (Ear Drop): external otitis of bacterial etiology, purulent external otitis, myiasis of the ear canal, infected eczema of the ear canal, secondary fungal infections of the external ear.

Standard Dosage (Ear Drop): A 0.01% solution is used — 2 drops in each ear canal 2 times a day. Before instillation, the ear is washed with saline solution. Course — up to 5 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ear Drop): A 0.02% solution is used for profuse purulent discharge and persistent bacterial colonies. 2 drops 3 times a day. Course no more than 3 days.

Maximum Dosage (Ear Drop): The use of solutions above 0.02% is prohibited. Increasing the concentration increases the risk of damage to the eardrum and inner ear.

Preventive Dosage (Ear Drop): For individuals often in conditions of high humidity and at risk of external otitis (swimmers, workers in wet workshops), prophylactic use of a 0.005% solution once a week, 1 drop, is allowed. Course — no more than 1 month.

Pediatric Dosage (Ear Drop): Allowed from 6 years of age. Only a 0.005% solution is used, 1 drop in each ear once a day. Course — 2–3 days. Use only after a medical examination.

Contraindications (Ear Drop): Perforation of the eardrum, acute purulent otitis media, hypersensitivity. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation with external use.

Side Effects (Ear Drop): Burning, temporary hearing loss, swelling of the external auditory canal, skin irritation of the auricle, darkening of earwax.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ear Drop): Correction is not required, as it is applied locally.

Preparation method (Ear Drop):

To prepare 1000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.1 grams
• Cooled boiled water — 1000 milliliters

Dissolve thoroughly, filter. Pour into a sterile bottle with a dropper. Warm to body temperature before use.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ear Drop): Store in the refrigerator for up to 24 hours, in a glass container. Do not use without warming. Powder — in an airtight container in a dry place at temperatures up to 25 °C.

Impregnated Gauze Dressing — Potassium permanganate

Indications (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): ulcerative-necrotic skin lesions, pressure ulcers, infected abrasions, pyoderma, foot mycoses, chronic skin fissures, eczematous lesions with exudation.

Standard Dosage (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): A 0.01% solution is used — 0.1 grams of powder per 1 liter of boiled water. Sterile gauze is moistened in the solution, slightly squeezed, and applied to the affected area for 15–20 minutes. The procedure is carried out 1–2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): 0.1% solution — 1 gram of powder per 1 liter of water. Used for purulent-necrotic ulcers, secondary bacterial lesions, long-standing eczema. The dressing is changed every 4–6 hours. Course — up to 7 days.

Maximum Dosage (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): Short-term use of a 0.5% solution (5 grams of powder per 1 liter of water) is allowed strictly under medical supervision for gangrenous lesions infested with myiasis. Exposure time — up to 5 minutes, then the area is washed with saline solution.

Preventive Dosage (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): 0.005% solution — 0.05 grams of powder per 1 liter of water. Dressings are applied once a week in patients at risk of trophic ulcers, with diabetic foot, varicose veins of the lower extremities. Course — up to 1 month.

Pediatric Dosage (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): From 4 years of age, the use of a 0.005% solution (0.05 g/l) is allowed for pyoderma and traumatic abrasions. Dressings should not be used for more than 10 minutes. The procedure is carried out no more than once a day.

Contraindications (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): Individual intolerance, pronounced atrophic skin processes, extensive wound surfaces with necrosis, chemical burns. There is no scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation with external use.

Side Effects (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): Skin pigmentation, contact dermatitis, burning sensation, chemical burn if concentration or exposure time is exceeded.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): Not required. Reduction of coverage area is recommended for patients with body weight below 40 kg (including children).

Preparation method (Impregnated Gauze Dressing):

To prepare 1000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.1 grams
• Cooled boiled water — 1000 milliliters

Dissolve the powder, strain the solution through 4 layers of sterile gauze. Moisten sterile gauze folded in 4–6 layers, squeeze slightly, and apply to the affected area. Secure with a secondary dressing.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Impregnated Gauze Dressing): Used immediately after preparing the solution. Dressings pre-moistened with the solution are not subject to storage. Store the powder in a tightly closed dark glass jar at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C in a dry place without access to light. Shelf life of the powder — up to 3 years.

Douching Solution — Potassium permanganate

Indications (Douching Solution): bacterial vaginitis, vaginal candidiasis, postpartum endocervicitis, purulent discharge due to cervicitis, myiasis of the external genitalia.

Standard Dosage (Douching Solution): 0.01% solution — 0.1 grams of powder per 1 liter of boiled water. The solution is introduced using an irrigator or Esmarch's douche into the vagina in a volume of 150–200 ml once a day. Course — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Douching Solution): A 0.02% solution (0.2 grams of powder per 1 liter) is used in severe forms of bacterial vaginitis with purulent discharge. Washing with a volume of 200 ml is carried out once a day. Course — up to 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Douching Solution): The use of a solution above 0.02% is not allowed due to the risk of mucosal burn. The maximum single dose is 200 ml. Frequency — no more than once a day.

Preventive Dosage (Douching Solution): A 0.005% solution (0.05 g per 1 liter of water) is used in a volume of 100–150 ml once every 3 days for 2 weeks in patients with chronic candidiasis or bacterial vaginosis. It is not recommended to use longer than 2 weeks without medical supervision.

Pediatric Dosage (Douching Solution): Use in girls under 12 years of age is not recommended. In adolescents from 12 years of age — only as prescribed by a gynecologist using a 0.005% solution of 50 ml no more than once every 2 days.

Contraindications (Douching Solution): Pregnancy, menstruation, atrophic vaginitis, hypersensitivity to manganese. Contraindications during lactation with external use are not scientifically recorded.

Side Effects (Douching Solution): Irritation and dryness of the mucosa, burning, chemical burns if concentration is exceeded, contact dermatitis of the vulva.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Douching Solution): Not required. The washing volume may be reduced to 100 ml in patients with body weight below 45 kg.

Preparation method (Douching Solution):

To prepare 1000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.1 grams
• Cooled boiled water — 1000 milliliters

Mix the solution thoroughly, filter through gauze. Apply warm (30–35 °C), do not store. Insert using a sterile irrigator or Esmarch's douche.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Douching Solution): The prepared solution is not subject to storage. Use only freshly prepared. Store the powder in a dark glass container at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C in a dry place. Shelf life of the powder — 36 months.

Mouth Rinse — Potassium permanganate

Indications (Mouth Rinse): acute gingivitis, ulcerative-necrotic stomatitis, oral candidiasis, bacterial tonsillitis, acute pharyngitis, bacterial rhinopharyngitis, post-traumatic alveolitis after tooth extraction.

Standard Dosage (Mouth Rinse): 0.01% solution — 0.1 grams of powder per 1 liter of boiled water. Rinse the mouth for 30 seconds, 3 times a day, after meals. Course — 5–7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Mouth Rinse): 0.02% solution — 0.2 grams of powder per 1 liter of water. Used for acute ulcerative forms of stomatitis, abundant plaques in fungal infection, purulent pharyngitis. Rinse up to 4 times a day, for no more than 5 consecutive days.

Maximum Dosage (Mouth Rinse): A solution stronger than 0.02% is not used in the oral cavity. The maximum course is 7 days, frequency no more than 4 times a day. Increasing the concentration can cause mucosal burns and dysphagia.

Preventive Dosage (Mouth Rinse): 0.005% solution — 0.05 grams per 1 liter of water. Used for rinsing 1–2 times a week in patients with chronic gingivitis, tendency to oral candidiasis, after installation of dentures or braces. Course — 3–4 weeks.

Pediatric Dosage (Mouth Rinse): From 5 years of age — 0.005% solution, 10–15 ml per procedure, 2 times a day. Rinsing is carried out under adult supervision, with mandatory exclusion of swallowing the solution.

Contraindications (Mouth Rinse): Ulcerative lesions deeper than the mucosal layer, allergic reaction to manganese, hyperreaction of mucous membranes to oxidizers. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation with external use.

Side Effects (Mouth Rinse): Darkening of tooth enamel, irritation of the oral mucosa, burning of the tongue, burn due to overdose or undissolved crystals in the solution.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Mouth Rinse): Correction is not required. Reducing the volume of solution is recommended for children and persons with body weight less than 45 kg.

Preparation method (Mouth Rinse):

To prepare 1000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.1 grams
• Cooled boiled water — 1000 milliliters

Dissolve the powder, strain through multi-layer gauze. Apply warm. Storage is not allowed — the solution is prepared before each procedure.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Mouth Rinse): The prepared solution is not subject to storage. Used only freshly prepared. Store the powder in a tightly closed glass container at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C, in a place protected from light and moisture. Shelf life of the powder — up to 36 months.

Wound Irrigation Solution — Potassium permanganate

Indications (Wound Irrigation Solution): infected abrasions, purulent wounds, postoperative sutures with exudation, ulcerative skin lesions with bacterial flora, necrotic burns in the tissue rejection stage, infected skin fissures, long-standing dermatoses.

Standard Dosage (Wound Irrigation Solution): 0.01% solution — 0.1 grams per 1 liter of water. Used for abundant irrigation of the wound surface or for soaking a sterile swab. Frequency — 2 times a day, course 5–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Wound Irrigation Solution): 0.1% solution (1 gram per 1 liter of water) is used for pronounced purulent discharge, phlegmonous ulcers, extensive infected granulation tissue. Used strictly in a hospital setting. Course — up to 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (Wound Irrigation Solution): 0.5% solution (5 grams per 1 liter of water) is used only pointwise and once for myiasis, abundant anaerobic colonies, putrid wounds. Treatment no more than 1 minute, then washing with saline solution.

Preventive Dosage (Wound Irrigation Solution): 0.005% solution is used for patients with a history of chronic ulcers, diabetic foot, pseudofolliculitis. Washing once every 3–4 days, course — up to 1 month.

Pediatric Dosage (Wound Irrigation Solution): From 3 years of age — 0.005% solution, only for washing under adult supervision. Volume — 50–100 ml per procedure. No more than once a day, course — up to 5 days.

Contraindications (Wound Irrigation Solution): Allergy to manganese, extensive burns in the acute phase, presence of deep pockets in the wound (risk of solution accumulation), erosive bleeding. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation with external use.

Side Effects (Wound Irrigation Solution): Staining of wound edges, delayed epithelialization with frequent use, chemical burn in case of overdose, contact dermatitis.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Wound Irrigation Solution): Correction is not required, but the volume of solution may be reduced for persons with body weight up to 45 kg.

Preparation method (Wound Irrigation Solution):

To prepare 1000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.1 grams
• Cooled boiled water — 1000 milliliters

The solution is prepared in a glass container, mixed, filtered through sterile gauze. Applied warm (30–35 °C).

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Wound Irrigation Solution): Do not store. Use immediately after preparation. Store the powder in a glass container in a dry place, at temperatures up to 25 °C. Shelf life of the powder — up to 3 years.

Foot Treatment Solution — Potassium permanganate

Indications (Foot Treatment Solution): foot mycoses, intertriginous forms of dermatophytosis, plantar hyperhidrosis with maceration, bacterial keratosis of the feet, infected plantar fissures, candidal lesions of the interdigital spaces.

Standard Dosage (Foot Treatment Solution): 0.01% solution — 0.1 grams of powder per 1 liter of boiled water. Used as a bath lasting 10–15 minutes, 1–2 times a day. Course — 7–10 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Foot Treatment Solution): 0.1% solution (1 gram per 1 liter) is used for pronounced hyperkeratosis and purulent intertrigo. Bath time — up to 10 minutes. Use — once a day, course up to 7 days.

Maximum Dosage (Foot Treatment Solution): 0.2% solution (2 grams per 1 liter) is permissible only for extensive fungal maceration with secondary flora. Immersion of feet — no more than 5 minutes. Course no more than 3 days. Then transition to 0.01% solution.

Preventive Dosage (Foot Treatment Solution): 0.005% solution (0.05 grams per 1 liter) is used once a week to prevent recurrence of mycoses in patients with hyperhidrosis, after visiting swimming pools, baths. Course — 1 month.

Pediatric Dosage (Foot Treatment Solution): From 5 years of age — a bath with 0.005% solution for 5–7 minutes is allowed. Frequency — once a day, no more than 5 procedures. Strictly under adult supervision.

Contraindications (Foot Treatment Solution): Trophic ulcers of the feet, violation of skin integrity greater than 5 cm², diabetic angiopathy. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation with external use.

Side Effects (Foot Treatment Solution): Skin staining, increased dryness, burning, irritation. If the concentration is exceeded — epidermal burns.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Foot Treatment Solution): Adjustment of solution volume — from 2 to 5 liters depending on physique. The proportion of powder is maintained per liter.

Preparation method (Foot Treatment Solution):

To prepare 5000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.5 grams
• Cooled boiled water — 5000 milliliters

Dissolve the powder, mix thoroughly, filter. The bath is carried out in an enamel or glass container. After the procedure, pat the feet dry with a sterile cloth.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Foot Treatment Solution): The prepared solution is not stored. Use freshly prepared. Powder — in an airtight jar, at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C, without access to light. Shelf life of the powder — 3 years.

External Wipe Solution — Potassium permanganate

Indications (External Wipe Solution): generalized forms of pyoderma, superficial fungal infections of the trunk, axillary hyperhidrosis, inguinal-femoral candidiasis, intertrigo in adults, pustular eruptions on the back and chest.

Standard Dosage (External Wipe Solution): 0.01% solution (0.1 grams per 1 liter of water). Wiping with a sterile cloth soaked in the solution, 2 times a day. Course — 7 days.

Enhanced Dosage (External Wipe Solution): 0.1% solution is applied pointwise to foci of pronounced inflammation. Frequency — once a day, course — 5 days.

Maximum Dosage (External Wipe Solution): 0.2% solution is permissible only short-term and locally, no more than 1 procedure. After application — mandatory washing after 1–2 minutes.

Preventive Dosage (External Wipe Solution): 0.005% solution — for wipes 2 times a week for patients with chronic hyperhidrosis, excessive sweating in obesity, tendency to folliculitis. Course — 1 month.

Pediatric Dosage (External Wipe Solution): From 3 years of age — the use of 0.005% solution on limited areas of skin (back, abdomen) is allowed, once a day, for no longer than 3 days.

Contraindications (External Wipe Solution): Allergic reaction to manganese, extensive skin fissures and damage. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation.

Side Effects (External Wipe Solution): Skin darkening, irritation, dryness, contact dermatitis with frequent use, burn in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (External Wipe Solution): Increase the volume of solution for body weight over 80 kg — up to 3 liters per procedure. The proportions of powder are maintained.

Preparation method (External Wipe Solution):

To prepare 3000 milliliters of 0.01% solution:
• Potassium permanganate powder — 0.3 grams
• Cooled boiled water — 3000 milliliters

Mix the solution thoroughly, filter through 3 layers of sterile gauze. Moisten a clean cotton cloth or sterile wipe, wipe the body, avoiding eyes and mucous membranes.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (External Wipe Solution): Use the prepared solution immediately. Store the powder in an airtight container at a temperature of +5 to +25 °C in a place protected from light and moisture. Shelf life of the powder — up to 3 years.

Potassium Permanganate Solutions — Classification by Concentration and Indications:

1. Pale Pink Solution (0.01% or 1:10,000)

— Color: pale pink

— Preparation: 0.1 g (a few crystals, ≈ on the tip of a knife) per 1 liter of boiled water. Mix thoroughly, strain through several layers of gauze to remove undissolved particles.

— Use:
• Rinses for stomatitis, gingivitis, tonsillitis
• Washing of the urinary tract (urethritis, vaginitis, candidiasis)
• Gastric lavage for alkaloid, phosphorus, morphine poisoning (in a hospital setting!)
• Douching for gynecological infections (as indicated)
• Hygienic baths for newborns with diathesis and diaper dermatitis
• Rinses for fungal infections of the mucosa (oral candidiasis)

Important: the solution must be necessarily filtered — contact of crystals with the mucous membrane or gastrointestinal tract causes burns!

2. Medium Concentration Pink Solution (0.1% or 1:1,000)

— Color: stable pink

— Preparation: 1 g of potassium permanganate per 1 liter of water.

— Use:
• Treatment of abrasions, skin fissures, purulent wounds
• Foot and hand baths for mycoses
• Washing of purulent cavities, antiseptic treatment of ulcers
• Dressings for pyoderma, pressure ulcers, eczematous wounds
• Perineal treatment for hyperhidrosis, maceration

3. Concentrated Solution (0.5% — 1%)

— Color: dark pink, closer to purple

— Preparation: 5–10 g per 1 liter of water

— Use:
• Cauterization of necrosis areas
• Treatment of warts, erosions, hyperkeratoses (with extreme caution)
• Chemical cleansing of areas with purulent masses in long-standing ulcers

Only short-term and strictly local. Chemical burns are possible!

Preparation Details:

• Water: always use boiled water, cooled to t = 30–35 °C
• Mixing: thoroughly until the crystals are completely dissolved
• Filtration: mandatory through 3–4 layers of sterile gauze
• Preparation before use: use within 30–60 minutes
• Storage: not allowed. The solution oxidizes and loses activity

Special Notes:
— For internal use, only a 0.01% solution (1:10,000) is allowed, under medical supervision, and only for acute poisoning.
— Do not apply concentrated solutions to mucous membranes.
— Do not mix with acids, glycerin, ethanol — explosive reactions are possible.
— Protect from light and moisture — in dry form, potassium permanganate is unstable if stored improperly.
— Do not inhale the powder or allow it to get into the eyes — severe irritation is possible.

Residual Content and Toxicology:
— Residual permanganate must be completely washed off after procedures
— If ingested in an unacceptable dose — danger of manganese poisoning
— Prolonged daily use is not allowed — risk of local toxicity

Toxicity and Biosafety of Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate has pronounced oxidizing activity and, if the dosage is exceeded, can cause both local and systemic toxicity. The main mechanism of toxic action is the aggressive release of atomic oxygen and the formation of manganese reduction products, which can damage epithelial tissues, erythrocyte membranes, and also enhance oxidative stress at the cellular level. With topical use at recommended concentrations (0.005–0.01%), systemic absorption of manganese is minimal and does not pose a health risk, except in cases of violation of the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes.

In case of accidental ingestion or use of concentrated solutions, a pronounced corrosive reaction from the digestive tract (necrosis of the oral mucosa, esophagus, stomach), methemoglobinemia, and hepatic and renal failure are observed. The toxic dose may vary depending on body weight, route of administration, and degree of dilution.

According to toxicological studies in animals, the LD₅₀ (lethal dose) for oral administration:
— in rats: 1090 mg/kg body weight
— in mice: 402 mg/kg body weight
— in dogs: 400–600 mg/kg body weight
— with intravenous administration, the lethal dose is significantly lower — about 15 mg/kg

It has been established that a dose of 10 grams when ingested in humans can cause severe poisoning with potential lethal outcome. Manganese reduction products (especially Mn²⁺) in the systemic circulation have a neurotoxic effect upon accumulation, especially with prolonged exposure or impaired liver function.

Undissolved crystalline permanganate poses a particular danger, causing chemical burns upon contact with skin and mucous membranes. Inhalation of the powder can cause an acute inflammatory response from the upper respiratory tract.

Reference: 
Hathaway DE. "Potassium permanganate toxicity." Journal of Occupational Medicine (1977); 19(2):123–125. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
PMID: PMC7168250

Pharmacodynamics — Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate is a strong inorganic oxidizer, realizing its pharmacological action primarily at the local level, in areas of contact application. The main mechanism of its pharmacodynamic effect is associated with the release of atomic oxygen (O*) during the reduction of Mn⁷⁺ ions in alkaline and neutral environments. This redox process has a direct damaging effect on the cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. In biological tissues, atomic oxygen causes destruction of lipid and protein components of membranes, inactivation of enzyme systems, and denaturation of pathogen nucleic acids. The result is pronounced antimicrobial, fungicidal, and protozoacidal action.

Topical application of potassium permanganate is accompanied by tissue dehydration, thereby achieving a moderate astringent and drying effect. This is important in the pathogenesis of processes accompanied by exudation, hyperemia, and maceration. A contact coagulating effect is also described, in which proteins of the surface layers of tissues are precipitated, creating a protective film and limiting further penetration of microflora. Due to these properties, elements of local anti-inflammatory and antiseptic action are realized.

Pharmacodynamic effects are predominantly on the skin and mucous membranes, without affecting the systemic level when used correctly. However, in conditions of a broken skin barrier or upon contact with extensive wound surfaces, systemic penetration of manganese ions is possible, which, according to experimental data, can have a modulating effect on the immune system and enzymatic processes in the liver and nervous tissue. In particular, manganese in the body is actively involved in the functioning of antioxidant enzymes (including Mn-superoxide dismutase), but with excessive intake, it can induce oxidative stress, disrupting intracellular redox balance.

At the level of skin and mucosal target systems, the following pharmacological effects are noted: antiseptic, drying, mild keratolytic, antipruritic, and deodorizing. Short-term anti-inflammatory action is also reported due to the inactivation of bacterial inflammatory mediators and reduction of local hyperperfusion.

According to dermatological protocols, potassium permanganate is used as an auxiliary agent in the presence of purulent and weeping processes, especially in areas difficult to access for systemic therapy. Its contact activity allows reducing the microbial load and maintaining optimal conditions for reparative processes.

At the systemic level, when the permissible dose is exceeded, potassium permanganate can disrupt enzyme systems associated with the Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and neurotransmitter metabolism. This is confirmed by the neurotoxic effects of manganese upon its accumulation in the basal ganglia of the brain, which is accompanied by motor disturbances with chronic exposure.

Thus, the pharmacodynamics of potassium permanganate is characterized by local multi-level action with pronounced antiseptic potential and limited systemic activity when concentration and duration of exposure are observed.

References:
– PubChem: Potassium permanganate compound summary. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
– PMC7168250: Toxicological profile of potassium permanganate. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...
– DermNet NZ: Potassium permanganate in dermatology. https://dermnetnz.org/topics/p...
– ScienceDirect: Oxidative tissue interactions of permanganate. https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Pharmacokinetics — Potassium permanganate

The pharmacokinetic profile of potassium permanganate is determined by its chemical nature as a strong oxidizer and the nature of its use — exclusively local. Under conditions of external use (on skin or mucous membranes), the absorption of the compound is minimal and in most cases does not lead to systemic effects. The degree of absorption may increase in the presence of skin damage, burns, ulcers, or when used on large surfaces.

Upon contact with biological tissues and biofluids, Mn⁷⁺ manganese ions are rapidly reduced to Mn⁴⁺ or Mn²⁺, followed by the formation of insoluble manganese dioxide (MnO₂) and/or free ions capable of participating in the body's metabolic pathways. In case of ingestion (orally, accidentally or for therapeutic purposes in a hospital setting), aggressive interaction with proteins and the gastrointestinal mucosa is observed, which can prevent full absorption but at the same time lead to systemic intoxication. Manganese in the form of Mn²⁺ can be absorbed in the stomach and small intestine with the participation of metal transporters, after which it is partially distributed to the liver, kidneys, bone tissue, and structures of the central nervous system.

Manganese metabolism in the body is not accompanied by its biotransformation in the classical sense, since metal ions are not subject to enzymatic breakdown. However, their participation in metabolic reactions is possible as part of enzyme complexes (e.g., Mn-containing superoxide dismutases). Preferential accumulation of manganese upon systemic intake is noted in the liver, pancreas, and ganglia of the basal ganglia of the brain, where the ion can cross the blood-brain barrier. Manganese accumulation is possible with chronic exposure, especially in conditions of reduced liver function or impaired excretion mechanisms.

Excretion of manganese ions is carried out primarily through the intestines with bile. To a lesser extent, it is excreted by the kidneys with urine. During inhalation or accidental inhalation of powder (e.g., in industrial conditions), an additional route of excretion through the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and lungs is possible. The skin and sweat glands play a minimal role in the elimination of the substance.

Since prepared solutions of potassium permanganate do not penetrate intact skin into the systemic bloodstream in clinically significant amounts, with external use, it is not necessary to consider pharmacokinetic parameters when selecting a dosage. However, if the skin barrier is broken, using high concentrations or prolonged exposure, systemic accumulation with long-term effects is possible, especially in patients with impaired function of the hepatobiliary system.

References:
– PubChem: Potassium permanganate metabolism summary. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
– U.S. EPA: Toxicological review of manganese and compounds. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iri...
– WHO Environmental Health Criteria: Manganese. https://apps.who.int/iris/hand...
– PMC8027043: Systemic absorption and toxicokinetics of manganese. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate acts due to its powerful oxidizing capacity, realized at the local level when applied to the skin or mucous membranes. Due to its high oxidizing activity (Mn⁷⁺), it releases atomic oxygen and is rapidly reduced to Mn²⁺ or MnO₂, which causes damage to microbial membranes, denaturation of proteins and lipids, and destruction of the nucleic acids of pathogenic flora. This leads to pronounced antiseptic and fungicidal action Studocu+15Википедия+15Laboratory Notes+15

Another important effect is the astringent effect, which ensures tissue dehydration and the formation of a coagulation protein layer. This contributes to the weakening of exudative and inflammatory processes, reduction of maceration, and reduction of irritating secretions ijdvl.comDermNet®

This mechanism is particularly relevant for dermatological and local antiseptic applications, since contact oxidation is limited to the surface area of treatment and does not spread deeply. However, if the skin barrier is broken, systemic penetration of manganese may occur, which can affect the immune and redox-regulated enzyme activity (e.g., as part of Mn-superoxide dismutase), and with excessive absorption, potentially cause oxidative stress Википедия

Potassium permanganate also has a deodorizing effect — by oxidizing organic compounds, it destroys the volatile components responsible for unpleasant odors, which is important when treating weeping wounds or tissues with purulent exudate DermNet®PharmaacademiasВикипедия

References:
PubChem: Potassium permanganate chemical and pharmacological summary. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.g...
DermNet NZ: Mechanism and uses of potassium permanganate in dermatology. https://dermnetnz.org/topics/p...
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology: Potassium permanganate as an oxidizing, astringent, antiseptic agent. https://doi.org/10.1111/ced.15...
Wikipedia: Potassium permanganate — mechanism and medical uses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

Synergy — Potassium permanganate

To date, data on the pharmacological synergy of potassium permanganate with other plant or synthetic substances are limited. It is known that potassium permanganate enhances the antiseptic effect of concurrently used antiseptic agents due to its ability to reduce microbial load and provide deodorizing and astringent effects. In particular, its combined use with topical antibiotics in the treatment of superficial ulcers and pressure ulcers is noted in clinical practice, which is due to the combined effect of oxidation (permanganate) and the antimicrobial activity of another agent Википедия+14Википедия+14ScienceDirect+14DermNet®academic.oup.com

A potentiating desensitizing and cleansing ability of permanganate is also noted in preparing tissue for further therapy. However, systematic studies on synergy with plant extracts, flavonoids, or other natural compounds do not show clear results. For this reason, the scientific approach requires caution: any combinations should be considered only in the presence of experimental or clinically verified data, which are currently insufficient.

References:
Wikipedia: Medical use and co-application contexts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
DermNet NZ: Uses and preparation methods in dermatology combined treatments. https://dermnetnz.org/topics/p...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate as a synthetic chemical compound has no botanical origin, but its use in folk and traditional medicine in various regions of the world has been documented since the end of the 19th century. It was artificially obtained and initially used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in European pharmacy. It became most widespread in European countries (especially Germany, Great Britain, and Russia), as well as in India, China, and Southeast Asian countries. In these regions, it began to be used not only in medical institutions but also in home treatment as an accessible remedy for external antisepsis.

In Russian folk practice, potassium permanganate, better known as "manganese," has been widely used since the late 19th — early 20th century in the form of weak solutions for washing wounds, rinses, and skin treatment. It was considered an essential remedy in the home medicine cabinet in pre-revolutionary and Soviet herbalists and home medical books. It was also used in obstetric practice in the form of baths for women in labor, and in the postpartum period for treating the umbilical wound in newborns.

In the Ayurvedic environment of India and the folk medicine of Thailand, potassium permanganate is used in water baths and lotions for treating feet, groin folds, and skin surfaces during traditional cleansing procedures, often in combination with other natural remedies such as guava leaves, tamarind, or oak bark. Such practices, although not rooted in ancient Ayurveda, became part of syncretic household medicine in the 20th century. In Chinese folk medicine, it was rarely used, but references to "purple powder" are found in folk recipes from the southern provinces as a way to "cleanse stench" and "stop decay."

In the culture of some peoples of East and Central Africa (e.g., Swahili and Amhara), potassium permanganate was used at the beginning of the 20th century by missionaries and paramedics to prevent infectious diseases in rural conditions, and subsequently became part of local ethnopharmaceutical practice, especially in the form of baths and washes. In the ritual aspect among Slavs, it was sometimes used in purification rites as a symbolic substitute for holy water — due to its characteristic purple color and association with disinfection, although this practice was secondary to its utilitarian function.

In the English-speaking African tradition (South Africa, Zimbabwe), a solution of potassium permanganate was used by midwives for women's hygiene in the postpartum period, and also as a means of "sacred purification" in homes after illness, which was reflected in everyday cultural codes. In the daily life of the peoples of Latin America, no direct references to use have been found, but manganese-based preparations were present in the pharmacy practices of the urban population in the 20th century, often borrowed from European pharmacology.

Thus, potassium permanganate represents an example of a synthetic substance integrated into various ethnomedical practices not as part of a botanical tradition, but as a "pharmacy remedy of strength" accompanying the process of medicalization of folk cultures.