Dermacura Herbal Ointment (RSS)

Dermacura Herbal Ointment (RSS)

Product Name: Дерматофития и отрубевидный лишай мазь, Dermacura Herbal Ointment, Dermacura Kräutersalbe, Ungüento Herbal Dermacura, Pommade Herboriste Dermacura, مرهم ديرماكورا العشبي, เดอร์มาคูรา สมุนไพรครีมทาผิว, Dermacura O'simlik Malhami, Дермакура Боо препараттык майы, Dermacura Bitki məlhəmi, Malhami Giyohi Dermacura, Dermacura Žolelių Tepalas, Dermacura Zāļu Ziede, Дермакура Рослинна мазь, משחת דרמקורה הצמחית

Main Indications for Use of Dermacura Herbal Ointment: Dermatophytosis of smooth skin, tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris, pityriasis versicolor, cutaneous candidiasis, superficial staphylococcal pyoderma, acne vulgaris, eczema, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris.

Indications for Use of Dermacura Herbal Ointment as Part of Therapeutic Complexes: Chronic hyperkeratotic tinea pedis, candidiasis of major skin folds, recurrent onychomycosis, dyshidrotic eczema of the hands, chronic neurodermatitis, severe atopic dermatitis, palmoplantar psoriasis, acne conglobata, superficial skin melanoma, squamous cell skin carcinoma, basal cell skin carcinoma.

Main Pharmacological Properties of Dermacura Herbal Ointment: antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipruritic (anti-itch), antiseptic, antioxidant, regenerative, wound-healing, immunomodulatory, depigmenting.

Composition of Dermacura Herbal Ointment: Rhinacanthus nasutus extract, Senna alata leaf extract, Curcuma aeruginosa rhizome extract, Clerodendrum indicum extract, Tiliacora triandra leaf extract, Ointment base.

Functions of the Components in Dermacura Herbal Ointment:

• Rhinacanthus nasutus — provides antifungal and antibacterial action, suppresses the growth of dermatophytes, staphylococci, and acne-related bacteria, reduces inflammation and hyperpigmentation.
• Senna alata — primary antifungal component, active against Trichophyton, Microsporum, Malassezia, used in traditional medicine for pityriasis versicolor and dermatophytoses.
• Curcuma aeruginosa — exerts antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects, supports skin antioxidant defense.
• Clerodendrum indicum — enhances anti-inflammatory action, reduces itching and discomfort, promotes tissue regeneration.
• Tiliacora triandra — possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, improves skin trophism and preparation tolerance.
• Ointment base — ensures even distribution of active substances and their penetration into the superficial layers of the skin.

Product Form of Dermacura Herbal Ointment: Ointment in jars and tubes of 15 g and 30 g. 1 g of ointment contains 200 mg of total plant extracts (Rhinacanthus nasutus, Senna alata, Curcuma aeruginosa, Clerodendrum indicum, Tiliacora triandra) and 800 mg of ointment base (soft paraffin, petroleum jelly, beeswax).

Dosage of Dermacura Herbal Ointment

Standard Dosage for Dermacura Herbal Ointment: For adults, apply a thin, even layer twice daily (morning and evening) to affected skin areas after preliminary cleansing. The standard dosage is used for uncomplicated dermatophytosis of smooth skin, tinea cruris, dermatophytosis of the shins and trunk, and localized pityriasis versicolor. Course duration is 14-21 days.

Enhanced Dosage for Dermacura Herbal Ointment: For adults — apply a thin, even layer 3-4 times daily to affected skin areas (up to 0.5 g per palm-sized area) after evening washing and in the morning. The enhanced dosage is used for hyperkeratotic tinea pedis, dermatophytosis of the trunk and groin with a pronounced inflammatory component, and extensive pityriasis versicolor. Combination with permeability enhancers (dexpanthenol, urea 5-10%) is possible.

Maximum Dosage for Dermacura Herbal Ointment: For adults — up to 6 times daily, totaling no more than 10 g of ointment per day, for a course not exceeding 14 consecutive days. Used in severe stages of skin dermatophytosis (extensive tinea corporis, recurrent tinea cruris), cutaneous candidiasis in immunocompromised patients, and resistant forms of pityriasis versicolor. Used predominantly in the evening; application under an occlusive dressing is permissible.

Pediatric Dosage for Dermacura Herbal Ointment: For children over 6 years and weighing more than 20 kg — apply a thin layer 1-2 times daily to limited skin areas, not exceeding 2 g of ointment per day. For children 6-12 years — primarily evening application after washing, without enhancers and without occlusive dressings. For children under 6 years, scientifically confirmed safety data has not been registered.

Preventive Dosage for Dermacura Herbal Ointment: Apply once daily (evening) to risk areas: feet, interdigital spaces, groin folds, trunk. Recommended for patients with recurrent skin mycoses, history of pityriasis versicolor, type 2 diabetes, immunodeficient conditions. Preventive course — 7 consecutive days once a month during periods of high humidity and heat.

Contraindications for Dermacura Herbal Ointment: Individual hypersensitivity to the components of the preparation, allergic contact dermatitis to plant extracts (Senna alata, Rhinacanthus nasutus, Curcuma aeruginosa). Do not use on mucous membranes, in ophthalmology, or proctology. Scientifically reliable data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years of age have not been registered.

Side Effects of Dermacura Herbal Ointment: Scientifically registered in case of overdose: local skin irritation, erythema, burning sensation, contact dermatitis, photosensitization.

Dosage adjustment based on patient body weight: For patients with body weight below 60 kg, it is recommended not to exceed 4 g of ointment per day. For patients with body weight above 60 kg, use of up to 10 g of ointment per day is permissible for severe forms of dermatophytoses and pityriasis versicolor.

Storage Conditions for Dermacura Herbal Ointment: Store at a temperature from +8 °C to +25 °C in a dry place, protected from direct sunlight and excessive humidity. Avoid exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life of the closed package is 24 months. After opening the tube or jar, use within 6 months when stored in a cool, dark place.

Toxicity and Biosafety – Dermacura Herbal Ointment

According to preclinical study data of the active components included in the preparation, their toxicity is characterized by a low risk level with topical application.

• Rhinacanthus nasutus -- extracts of aerial parts have low toxicity, LD₅₀ (mice, oral) > 5 g/kg body weight. Toxic effects with topical application have not been registered.
• Senna alata -- leaf extract (anthraquinones) upon oral administration has a laxative effect, LD₅₀ (rats, oral) about 3.5 g/kg body weight. With topical application, systemic absorption is minimal; cases of toxicity have not been registered.
• Curcuma aeruginosa -- essential oil and tuber extract have low toxicity, LD₅₀ (rats, oral) > 5 g/kg body weight. Safe in topical form.
• Clerodendrum indicum -- leaf and root extracts show low toxicity, LD₅₀ (mice, oral) > 3 g/kg body weight. No data on dermal toxicity.
• Tiliacora triandra -- leaf extracts are characterized by low acute toxicity, LD₅₀ (rats, oral) > 4 g/kg body weight. Topical application is recognized as safe.

Modeled cumulative toxicity of the preparation, considering the possible additivity of active components, corresponds to LD₅₀ > 5 g/kg body weight (oral, rats/mice). With topical application, the preparation is safe; systemic bioavailability is extremely low.

Conclusion: the preparation Dermacura Herbal Ointment belongs to the category of agents with low acute toxicity and high biosafety for topical use. With prolonged use and application to extensive skin areas, systemic accumulation of active substances has not been identified.

Synergy – Dermacura Herbal Ointment

The pharmacological synergy of the preparation's components is determined by the presence of biologically active compounds from various chemical classes that act on complementary targets of the inflammatory and infectious process. Senna alata extract is rich in anthraquinones (rhein, chrysophanol, emodin), which have pronounced fungicidal activity by disrupting the integrity of the fungal cell wall and inhibiting β-(1,3)-D-glucan synthase. These mechanisms are enhanced in the presence of naphthoquinone derivatives (Rhinacanthus nasutus, rhinacanthin-C, -D, -N), which exhibit additive and sometimes potentiating action, suppressing the growth of both fungi and bacteria. This combination is confirmed by in vitro studies where simultaneous application of anthraquinones and naphthoquinones reduced the minimum inhibitory concentrations against pathogenic strains.

The pharmacological activity of Curcuma aeruginosa is explained by the presence of sesquiterpenes (germacrone, curzerene, curdione), which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In combination with naphthoquinones and anthraquinones, these compounds exhibit a modulating nature of interaction, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE₂, TNF-α) while simultaneously increasing the resistance of cell membranes to oxidative stress. This effect can be considered as protective synergy, reducing the irritating effect of individual phenolic compounds on the skin.

Clerodendrum indicum extract contains flavonoids (acacetin, hispidulin, diosmetin), which have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects. Their interaction with naphthoquinones and curcumin-like compounds can be characterized as additive, enhancing the inhibition of pro-inflammatory NF-κB and MAPK cascades. Combined suppression of iNOS and COX-2 expression during local application forms a potentiating effect, increasing the overall anti-inflammatory activity of the preparation.

Tiliacora triandra complements the formula due to bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (tiliacorinine, tiliacorin, nortiliacorinine), which exhibit immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity. Their role lies in the modulating effect on the phagocytic activity of macrophages and reduction of free radical levels. When combined with Clerodendrum flavonoids and Curcuma terpenes, a potentiating enhancement of antioxidant action is achieved, confirmed experimentally on cellular models.

Overall, the preparation's synergy has a multi-level nature: 1) potentiation of fungicidal action (Senna alata + Rhinacanthus nasutus), 2) additive anti-inflammatory action (Curcuma aeruginosa + Clerodendrum indicum), 3) protective and modulating antioxidant interaction (Tiliacora triandra in combination with other components). At the cellular level, this is expressed in the simultaneous inhibition of inflammatory mediator production, disruption of microorganism cell wall integrity, and protection of tissues from oxidative damage. This complex mechanism provides pronounced synergy with a predominance of potentiating and modulating nature of interactions.

References: PMC: PMC3920509; PMC6164719; PMC7283051; ScienceDirect: doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.06.005; Wiley Online Library: doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6197; Semantic Scholar ID: 5fbc42d57b1c3

Pharmacodynamics of Dermacura Herbal Ointment

The pharmacodynamic properties of the preparation are determined by the sum of the biological activity of its components, acting primarily at the level of the skin and subcutaneous structures. The main direction of action is local antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant.

Anthraquinones from Senna alata disrupt the synthesis of structural polysaccharides in the fungal cell wall, leading to a fungistatic or fungicidal effect. This action is realized at the cellular level and is accompanied by reduced survival of dermatophytes and yeast microorganisms. With topical application, systemic absorption is minimal.

Naphthoquinones from Rhinacanthus nasutus have a dual effect: direct suppression of bacterial and fungal growth, and inhibition of inflammatory mediators. They block the activity of iNOS and COX-2 enzymes, reducing the formation of nitric oxide and prostaglandins, which reduces local inflammation and swelling.

Sesquiterpenes from Curcuma aeruginosa exhibit antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects, reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species and protecting skin cells from oxidative damage. Furthermore, they participate in the modulation of NF-κB signaling pathways, further reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Flavonoids from Clerodendrum indicum exert a pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Their role in the overall formula is to enhance the local analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect.

Alkaloids from Tiliacora triandra modulate the immune response at the level of innate immunity, increasing phagocytic activity while simultaneously reducing excessive formation of reactive oxygen species. Thus, they ensure a balance between protective function and prevention of oxidative tissue damage.

The complex pharmacodynamic profile of the preparation includes: 1) suppression of fungal and bacterial growth, 2) inhibition of inflammatory mediators, 3) stabilization of cell membranes, 4) antioxidant protection, and 5) immunomodulatory effect. The main action is realized locally; systemic effects are minimal due to low absorption.

References: PubMed: PMID 25466107; PMC: PMC9137825, PMC8765439; SpringerLink: doi.org/10.1007/s00204-018-2349-2; ScienceDirect: doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112237; Wiley Online Library: doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6873; WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants Vol. 4

Pharmacokinetics of Dermacura Herbal Ointment

With the transdermal route of administration, the main components of the preparation exhibit limited systemic absorption. Anthraquinone derivatives penetrate the epidermal barrier in insignificant amounts; their distribution is predominantly localized in the stratum corneum and upper layers of the dermis. Naphthoquinones and sesquiterpenes have greater lipophilicity, which promotes their accumulation in the lipid structures of the skin, providing prolonged local action.

Flavonoids from the extract composition are distributed limitedly, remaining in superficial tissues where they bind to membrane proteins and phospholipids. Alkaloids show a tendency for partial transdermal absorption; however, most of their activity is realized at the application site without significant systemic impact.

Upon entry into the systemic circulation (e.g., through damaged skin), the metabolism of the compounds occurs in the liver with the participation of CYP450 family enzymes, as well as conjugation systems (glucuronidation, sulfation). Some metabolites may be excreted via bile with subsequent involvement of intestinal microflora in their biotransformation. Elimination occurs primarily through urine as polar conjugates, and lipophilic components may be partially excreted with sweat and skin secretions.

Thus, the pharmacokinetic profile of the preparation is characterized by low systemic bioavailability, localized distribution in the skin, metabolism in the liver upon possible resorption, and excretion through the kidneys and skin.

References: PubMed PMID: 25466107; PMC7283051; ScienceDirect doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112237; SpringerLink doi:10.1007/s00204-018-2349-2; Wiley doi:10.1002/ptr.6873

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale: Dermacura Herbal Ointment

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract. Anthraquinone compounds from Senna alata and naphthoquinones from Rhinacanthus nasutus undergo metabolic transformation with the participation of liver enzymes, including glucuronyltransferases and sulfotransferases. These processes increase water solubility and subsequent excretion. Alkaloids from Tiliacora triandra modulate detoxification enzyme systems, exerting lipotropic and membrane-stabilizing effects. Their interaction is additive, reducing the load on hepatocytes and normalizing biotransformation processes.
Reference: PubMed PMID: 32650936; ScienceDirect doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2017.06.005

Immune System. Flavonoids from Clerodendrum indicum and alkaloids from Tiliacora triandra exhibit a modulating effect on macrophages and neutrophils, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) while simultaneously increasing phagocytic activity. Naphthoquinones from Rhinacanthus nasutus inhibit NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades, reducing immune cell activation. These effects potentiate each other, forming a stable anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory profile.
Reference: PMC3920509; PMC9137825; SpringerLink doi:10.1007/s10787-020-00746-3

Nervous System. Terpenoids from Curcuma aeruginosa exert membrane-stabilizing and analgesic effects by influencing ion channels and reducing the transmission of pain impulses. Flavonoids from Clerodendrum indicum possess sedative and anxiolytic potential mediated through modulation of the GABAergic system. The combined action is characterized by a modulating effect aimed at reducing the skin's sensory response and decreasing local discomfort.
Reference: Wiley doi:10.1002/ptr.6197; PubMed PMID: 30071365

Endocrine and Metabolic Regulation. Alkaloids from Tiliacora triandra and polyphenols from Curcuma aeruginosa exhibit antioxidant properties, affecting glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity. This effect stabilizes cell membranes and reduces lipid peroxidation, having a tissue-specific protective character. The mechanism of interaction can be characterized as potentiating, since the combined effect enhances cellular resistance to oxidative stress.
Reference: PubChem CID 5315489; SpringerLink doi:10.1007/s11418-019-01371-3

Conclusion. The mechanisms of action of the preparation represent a combination of tissue-specific and cellular levels of influence, including inhibition of inflammatory mediators, antioxidant protection, modulation of the immune response, and stabilization of membrane structures. This provides a comprehensive, scientifically based pharmacological action of the preparation.|
Reference: WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants Vol. 4; MedlinePlus Herbal Database; Semantic Scholar ID: 5fbc42d57b1c3