Cassia alata L

Cassia alata L (Candle Bush)

Product Name: Кассия крылатая, Cassia alata, Fackel-Ingwerstrauch, Candelabro, Cassie candélabre, شجرة الشموع, ชุมเห็ดเทศ, Кассия кандельбар, Кассия кандельбар, Şamdan ağacı, Шамшод, Žvakidžių medis, Sveķu koks, Касія канделябр, קָסִיאָה עֲלוּאָה

Synonyms: Канделябровое дерево, Сенна крылатая, Свечной куст, Candle bush, Ringworm shrub, Candelabra bush, Fackelstrauch, Kerzenstrauch, Arbre chandelle, Arbre aux candélabres, Arbusto de candelabro, شجيرة القوباء, ต้นเทียนฝรั่ง

Used Parts: leaves, fruits, seeds, flowers, bark, roots.

Main Indications for Cassia alata: dermatophytosis, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, eczema, atopic dermatitis, impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, trichophytosis, microsporia, paronychia, folliculitis, melanoderma, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis.

Use of Cassia alata in Mixtures and Complexes: chronic gastritis, colitis, chronic cholecystitis, cystitis, urethritis, hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, gout, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, hyperlipidemia.

Pharmacological Properties of Cassia alata: antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, wound-healing, keratolytic, photosensitizing, antispasmodic, diuretic, laxative.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Cassia alata

Powder — Cassia alata

Indications (Powder): dermatophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis, paronychia, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 1–2 grams of powder per day externally, in powders or pastes, course 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 3–4 grams of powder per day externally, for extensive skin lesions, multiple foci of dermatophytosis and recurrent skin candidiasis.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 5 grams of powder per day externally, for severe hyperkeratosis and complicated pyodermas, for no more than 7 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5–1 gram of powder once every 2–3 days externally for chronic dermatoses in remission, in patients with recurrent skin mycoses.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — 0.25–0.5 grams of powder per day externally, only for confirmed dermatomycoses.

Contraindications (Powder): individual hypersensitivity; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): local skin irritation, erythema, itching in case of overdose or increased sensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg, use a dosage 25% lower; for weight above 90 kg, use 25% higher than standard.

Preparation method (Powder): To prepare 100 g of product: dried leaves — 100 g. Wash the leaves, dry, dry in the shade at a temperature not exceeding 45 °C to a residual moisture of less than 10%. Grind into powder in a pharmaceutical mill to a fraction of less than 0.5 mm. Sift through sieve No. 60. Store in an airtight container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): store in a dry, dark place at a temperature up to 25 °C, in airtight packaging, protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 2 years. After opening, use within 6 months.

Dry Extract — Cassia alata

Indications (Dry Extract): dermatophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, eczema, atopic dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 0.5–1 gram of dry extract externally in ointment or cream bases 1–2 times a day, course 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 1.5–2 grams of dry extract per day externally, for recurrent candidiasis and multiple foci of skin mycosis.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): 3 grams of dry extract per day externally, for severe forms of hyperkeratosis and infected dermatoses, for no more than 7 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 0.25–0.5 grams of dry extract externally once every 3–4 days for chronic fungal skin diseases in remission.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — 0.1–0.25 grams of dry extract per day externally.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): individual hypersensitivity; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): local irritation, erythema, itching in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce dose by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): To prepare 100 g of product: dried leaves — 500 g, 70% ethanol — 2 L (for extraction only). Grind the leaves, pour ethanol, infuse for 72 hours at a temperature of 20–25 °C, filter. Remove the solvent by evaporation in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C until the odor completely disappears. Dry under vacuum to obtain a dry extract. Permissible residual ethanol content — not more than 500 ppm.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): store in a dry, dark place at a temperature up to 25 °C, in airtight packaging, protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 3 years. After opening, use within 6 months.

Tincture — Cassia alata

Indications (Tincture): dermatophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis, paronychia, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): externally, 2–3 ml of tincture 1–2 times a day on affected skin areas, course 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): externally, 4–5 ml of tincture 2 times a day for extensive foci of dermatophytosis or multiple fungal skin lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): externally, up to 8 ml of tincture per day for severe infectious and hyperkeratotic skin lesions, for no more than 7 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): externally, 1 ml of tincture once every 2–3 days for chronic dermatoses and recurrent mycoses.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — up to 0.5–1 ml of tincture once a day externally.

Contraindications (Tincture): individual hypersensitivity; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): local skin irritation, increased itching and erythema in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce dose by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Tincture): To prepare 100 g of product: dry leaves — 25 g, 70% ethanol — 100 ml (for extraction only). Grind the leaves, pour ethanol, infuse in a dark place at a temperature of 20–25 °C for 10 days, shaking daily. Filter. Do not remove the solvent when used as a tincture for external use. For internal use, complete removal of ethanol is required — evaporation in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C until the odor completely disappears, permissible residual content — not more than 500 ppm.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): store in a dark place at a temperature of 10–20 °C in tightly closed glass containers, protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 2 years. After opening, use within 3 months.

Oil Infusion — Cassia alata

Indications (Oil Infusion): dermatophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis, chronic folliculitis.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): externally, 2–3 ml of infusion 1–2 times a day, course 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): externally, 4–5 ml of infusion 2 times a day for multiple or deep foci of fungal skin infection and pronounced hyperkeratosis.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): externally, up to 8 ml of infusion per day for severe mycotic and bacterial skin lesions, for no more than 10 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): externally, 1 ml of infusion once every 3–4 days in patients with chronic skin mycoses or recurrent pyodermas.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — up to 0.5–1 ml of infusion per day externally.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): individual hypersensitivity, allergy to vegetable oils; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): local skin irritation, allergic reaction in case of increased sensitivity to the oil.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce dose by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): To prepare 100 g of product: dry leaves — 20 g, coconut oil — 100 ml. Grind the leaves, pour oil, infuse in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C for 4 hours, stirring occasionally. Cool, filter through cheesecloth, pour into sterile containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): store in tightly closed dark glass containers at a temperature of 10–20 °C, protect from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 1 year. After opening, use within 2 months.

Ointment — Cassia alata

Indications (Ointment): dermatophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis, paronychia, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): externally, apply in a thin layer to affected areas 1–2 times a day, course 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): externally, 3 times a day for recurrent skin candidiasis, extensive foci of dermatophytosis or severe hyperkeratosis.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): externally, up to 4 times a day for complicated pyodermas and combined fungal-bacterial skin infections, for no more than 10 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): externally, 1–2 times a week for chronic dermatoses in remission to prevent relapses.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — once a day in a thin layer, course up to 7 days.

Contraindications (Ointment): individual hypersensitivity, purulent wounds with abundant discharge; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Ointment): local irritation, redness, skin peeling in case of overdose or increased sensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce dose by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Ointment): To prepare 100 g of product: dry leaf extract — 10 g, coconut oil — 60 g, beeswax — 30 g. Melt coconut oil in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C, add dry extract, mix thoroughly. Add melted beeswax, stir until homogeneous. Pour into sterile containers and cool.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): store in tightly closed dark glass jars at a temperature of 10–20 °C, protect from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 1 year. After opening, use within 2 months.

Cream — Cassia alata

Indications (Cream): dermatophytosis, skin candidiasis, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis, folliculitis.

Standard Dosage (Cream): externally, apply in a thin layer 1–2 times a day to affected skin areas, course 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): externally, 3 times a day for pronounced inflammatory changes and recurrent skin candidiasis.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): externally, up to 4 times a day for severe seborrheic dermatitis and extensive fungal skin lesions, for no more than 10 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): externally, once a week for chronic dermatoses in remission.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — once a day in a thin layer, course up to 7 days.

Contraindications (Cream): individual hypersensitivity, weeping ulcers and erosions; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Cream): mild burning, itching or redness of the skin in case of overdose or increased sensitivity.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce dose by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Cream): To prepare 100 g of product: dry leaf extract — 5 g, coconut oil — 40 g, distilled water — 50 g, emulsifier (beeswax) — 5 g. Melt coconut oil and beeswax in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C. Heat distilled water to 40 °C, pour into the oil phase in a thin stream, constantly stirring until a homogeneous emulsion forms. Add dry extract, mix until completely homogeneous. Pour into sterile containers and cool.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): store in tightly closed dark glass jars at a temperature of 10–20 °C, protect from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 1 month.

Paste — Cassia alata

Indications (Paste): dermatophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis, paronychia, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis.

Standard Dosage (Paste): externally, a layer of paste 1–2 mm thick on affected areas 1–2 times a day, course 7–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Paste): externally, a layer up to 3 mm thick 2–3 times a day for extensive skin lesions or recurrent mycosis.

Maximum Dosage (Paste): externally, a layer up to 4 mm thick 3 times a day for severe infectious-inflammatory skin lesions, for no more than 7 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Paste): externally, a 1 mm layer once a week for chronic dermatoses and a tendency to recurrent mycoses.

Pediatric Dosage (Paste): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — a layer 0.5–1 mm thick once a day, course up to 5 days.

Contraindications (Paste): individual hypersensitivity, open purulent wounds; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Paste): local skin irritation, increased itching, burning in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce the thickness and frequency of application by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Paste): To prepare 100 g of product: fresh leaves — 60 g, coconut oil — 40 g. Wash the leaves, grind into a paste, mix with melted coconut oil at a temperature of 40 °C until homogeneous. Use immediately or store in the refrigerator.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Paste): store in an airtight container in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8 °C, protect from light. Shelf life — up to 7 days. After opening, use within 3 days.

Gel — Cassia alata

Indications (Gel): dermatophytosis, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis.

Standard Dosage (Gel): externally, apply in a thin layer 1–2 times a day to affected areas, course 10–14 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Gel): externally, 3 times a day for pronounced inflammation and extensive mycotic lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Gel): externally, up to 4 times a day for severe forms of seborrheic dermatitis and complicated fungal infections, for no more than 10 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Gel): externally, once a week for chronic dermatoses and predisposition to fungal infections.

Pediatric Dosage (Gel): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — once a day, in a thin layer, course up to 7 days.

Contraindications (Gel): individual hypersensitivity, weeping ulcers; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Gel): burning, itching, redness of the skin in case of overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce dose by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Gel): To prepare 100 g of product: dry leaf extract — 5 g, aloe vera gel — 90 g, coconut oil — 5 g. Slightly melt coconut oil at a temperature of 35–40 °C, mix with aloe gel, add dry extract and stir until a uniform texture is obtained. Pour into sterile containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Gel): store in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8 °C, protect from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 3 months. After opening, use within 14 days.

Soap — Cassia alata

Indications (Soap): dermatophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis, paronychia, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis, prevention of secondary bacterial complications in chronic dermatoses.

Standard Dosage (Soap): external use, washing affected areas 1–2 times a day, procedure duration 3–5 minutes, course 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Soap): external use, washing affected areas 3 times a day, procedure duration 5–7 minutes for pronounced fungal or bacterial skin lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Soap): external use, up to 4 times a day for extensive infectious-inflammatory dermatoses, for no more than 7 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Soap): external use, washing the skin once every 2–3 days for chronic mycoses, seborrheic dermatitis, tendency to pyoderma.

Pediatric Dosage (Soap): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — washing affected skin once a day, course 5–7 days.

Contraindications (Soap): individual hypersensitivity, acute exudative inflammatory processes with abundant discharge; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Soap): local irritation, dry skin, itching in case of overdose or prolonged use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce the duration of the procedure by 20–30%; for weight above 90 kg — increase the area and exposure time by 20%.

Preparation method (Soap): To prepare 100 g of product: dry leaf extract — 5 g, coconut oil — 60 g, olive oil — 30 g, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) — 10 g, distilled water — 25 g. In a protected container, dissolve NaOH in distilled water (under strict safety measures), cool to 40 °C. Heat coconut oil and olive oil to 40 °C, add dry extract, mix. Gradually pour the alkaline solution into the oil mixture, constantly stirring until "trace". Pour into molds, hold at 25–30 °C for 48 hours, then mature in a dry, ventilated place at 18–20 °C for at least 4 weeks until complete saponification and reduction of alkalinity.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Soap): store in a dry, cool place at a temperature of 10–25 °C, protect from direct light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 18 months. After opening the package, use within 6 months.

Soap with Powder — Cassia alata

Indications (Soap with Powder): dermatophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis, paronychia, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis, keratoderma, prevention of secondary bacterial complications in chronic dermatoses, removal of hyperkeratotic skin scales.

Standard Dosage (Soap with Powder): external use, washing affected areas 1–2 times a day, procedure duration 3–5 minutes with light massage, course 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Soap with Powder): external use, washing affected areas 3 times a day, procedure duration 5–7 minutes for pronounced hyperkeratosis, multiple foci of mycosis or bacterial skin lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Soap with Powder): external use, up to 4 times a day for severe hyperkeratotic and infectious-inflammatory skin lesions, for no more than 7 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Soap with Powder): external use, washing the skin once every 3–4 days for chronic mycoses, seborrheic dermatitis, tendency to hyperkeratosis.

Pediatric Dosage (Soap with Powder): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — washing affected skin once a day, course 5–7 days, massage of minimal intensity.

Contraindications (Soap with Powder): individual hypersensitivity, acute exudative inflammatory processes with abundant discharge, weeping eczema; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Soap with Powder): local irritation, dry skin, itching, microtrauma with excessive friction.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce the duration and intensity of massage by 20–30%; for weight above 90 kg — increase time and intensity by 20%.

Preparation method (Soap with Powder): To prepare 100 g of product: dry leaf powder — 10 g, coconut oil — 55 g, olive oil — 25 g, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) — 10 g, distilled water — 25 g. In a protected container, dissolve NaOH in water (under strict safety measures), cool to 40 °C. Heat oils to 40 °C, mix, add leaf powder, mix thoroughly. Gradually pour the alkaline solution into the oil mixture, stir until "trace". Pour into molds, hold for 48 hours at 25–30 °C, then dry and mature in a dry, ventilated room at 18–20 °C for 4 weeks until complete saponification and reduction of alkalinity.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Soap with Powder): store in a dry, cool place at a temperature of 10–25 °C, in individual packaging, protected from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 18 months. After opening, use within 6 months.

Liquid Soap with Powder — Cassia alata

Indications (Liquid Soap with Powder): dermatophytosis, trichophytosis, microsporia, skin candidiasis, pyoderma, impetigo, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis, paronychia, hyperkeratosis, psoriasis, keratoderma, prevention of secondary bacterial complications in chronic dermatoses, removal of hyperkeratotic skin scales, prevention of mycoses of the feet and hands.

Standard Dosage (Liquid Soap with Powder): external use, washing affected areas 1–2 times a day, procedure duration 2–4 minutes with gentle massage, course 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Liquid Soap with Powder): external use, washing affected areas 3 times a day, procedure duration 5–6 minutes for pronounced hyperkeratosis, multiple foci of mycosis or bacterial skin lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Liquid Soap with Powder): external use, up to 4 times a day for severe hyperkeratotic and infectious-inflammatory skin lesions, for no more than 7 consecutive days.

Preventive Dosage (Liquid Soap with Powder): external use, washing the skin once every 3–4 days for chronic mycoses, seborrheic dermatitis, tendency to hyperkeratosis and secondary bacterial infections.

Pediatric Dosage (Liquid Soap with Powder): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — washing affected skin once a day, course 5–7 days, massage of minimal intensity.

Contraindications (Liquid Soap with Powder): individual hypersensitivity, acute exudative inflammatory processes with abundant discharge, weeping eczema; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Liquid Soap with Powder): local irritation, dry skin, itching, microtrauma with excessive friction, especially with rough keratoses.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce the duration and intensity of massage by 20–30%; for weight above 90 kg — increase time and intensity by 20%.

Preparation method (Liquid Soap with Powder): To prepare 100 g of product: dry leaf powder — 5 g, coconut oil — 20 g, olive oil — 10 g, potassium hydroxide (KOH) — 7 g, distilled water — 60 g, vegetable glycerin — 5 g. In a protected container, dissolve KOH in water (under strict safety measures), cool to 40 °C. Heat oils to 40 °C, mix, add leaf powder. Gradually pour the alkaline solution into the oil mixture, stir until complete saponification using the hot process method (60–70 °C, 2 hours). After saponification is complete, dilute the mass with the remaining water and glycerin to the desired viscosity, mix thoroughly, pour into sterile bottles. Hold for 5–7 days at 20–25 °C to stabilize pH.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Liquid Soap with Powder): store in tightly closed dark plastic or glass bottles at a temperature of 10–25 °C, protect from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 12 months. After opening, use within 3 months.

Shampoo with Powder — Cassia alata

Indications (Shampoo with Powder): seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, microsporia of the scalp, trichophytosis of the scalp, candidiasis of the scalp, psoriasis of the scalp, chronic folliculitis of the scalp, hyperkeratosis and dry dandruff, prevention of recurrent fungal infections of the scalp.

Standard Dosage (Shampoo with Powder): external use, washing the scalp once every 2 days, procedure duration 3–4 minutes with gentle massage of the scalp, course 14–21 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Shampoo with Powder): external use, washing the scalp daily, procedure duration 5–6 minutes for pronounced inflammation, itching and abundant dandruff of fungal origin.

Maximum Dosage (Shampoo with Powder): external use, twice a day, for no more than 7 consecutive days, for severe forms of seborrheic dermatitis and fungal infections of the scalp.

Preventive Dosage (Shampoo with Powder): external use, washing the hair once a week for chronic seborrheic dermatitis, recurrent psoriasis and predisposition to fungal infections of the scalp.

Pediatric Dosage (Shampoo with Powder): from 6 years old, body weight from 20 kg — washing the scalp once every 3 days, procedure duration 2–3 minutes, course up to 10 days.

Contraindications (Shampoo with Powder): individual hypersensitivity, presence of purulent foci, extensive weeping lesions of the scalp; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years are not scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Shampoo with Powder): local skin irritation, dry hair, feeling of tightness of the scalp in case of overdose or prolonged use.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: for weight below 60 kg — reduce the amount of shampoo by 20%; for weight above 90 kg — increase the amount by 20%.

Preparation method (Shampoo with Powder): To prepare 100 g of product: dry leaf powder — 5 g, liquid castile soap (based on coconut and olive oils) — 80 g, rosemary hydrosol — 10 g, vegetable glycerin — 5 g. Add glycerin and rosemary hydrosol to the liquid soap, mix thoroughly. Add leaf powder and stir until homogeneous. Pour into a sterile bottle with a dispenser. Hold for 3–5 days at 20–25 °C to stabilize pH and evenly distribute the powder particles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Shampoo with Powder): store in a tightly closed dark plastic or glass bottle at a temperature of 10–25 °C, protect from light and electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — up to 6 months. After opening, use within 1 month.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Cassia alata

Toxicological studies of Cassia alata extracts in laboratory animals have shown low acute toxicity. In a study on rats with oral administration of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract, LD₅₀ exceeded 5000 mg/kg body weight, which classifies it as practically non-toxic according to the Hodgson–Sterner scale. With chronic administration at doses up to 2000 mg/kg for 28 days, no significant histopathological changes were found in the liver, kidneys and spleen. With external use in the form of ointments and soaps, no irritant effect was registered, except in cases of individual hypersensitivity. Data on mutagenicity and carcinogenicity are absent, but at high doses of extracts, a mild laxative effect was observed, due to the presence of anthracene derivatives.

Reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep....

Pharmacodynamics — Cassia alata

Cassia alata is characterized by a multifactorial pharmacodynamic profile, determined by a complex of biologically active compounds, including anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols and saponins. The main direction of action is associated with the modulation of processes at the cutaneous and local level, including the suppression of the growth of dermatophyte and yeast-like microorganisms, which is ensured by inhibition of ergosterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane and disruption of the cell wall structure. The pronounced antibacterial effect is realized through inhibition of the activity of bacterial enzymes involved in the metabolism of nucleic acids and proteins. The anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the suppression of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, achieved through inhibition of enzymes of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways.

The antioxidant activity of the extracts is due to the ability of flavonoids and phenolic compounds to neutralize reactive oxygen species, stabilize cell membranes and reduce lipid peroxidation. These properties contribute to the protection of cellular structures from damage by free radicals and the maintenance of functional tissue integrity. The immunomodulatory potential of the plant is manifested in the stimulation of non-specific immune defense factors, including enhanced phagocytic activity of macrophages and modulation of interleukin production, which may contribute to the optimization of the local immune response.

The effect on the epidermis and keratinocytes is expressed in a mild keratolytic action, promoting the removal of keratinized cells and normalization of keratinization processes. This property is especially pronounced when using topical forms containing both lipophilic and hydrophilic components of the extract. Additionally, photosensitizing properties have been identified, associated with the presence of anthracene derivatives, which may enhance effectiveness in certain phototherapeutic approaches.

The systemic level of action of Cassia alata is primarily associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity upon absorption of biologically active substances, while the local level is associated with direct antimicrobial and fungistatic action on affected areas of the skin and mucous membranes. Thus, the pharmacodynamics of the taxon covers a wide range of targets, including microbial cell membranes, enzyme systems of the inflammatory cascade, free radical processes and elements of innate immunity.

Reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep....

Pharmacokinetics — Cassia alata

Upon oral administration of aqueous or alcoholic extracts of Cassia alata, the active compounds are absorbed primarily in the small intestine. Flavonoids and phenolic acids are absorbed in the form of aglycones or glycosides, which are partially hydrolyzed by intestinal microflora enzymes. Lipophilic fractions, including phytosterols and some anthracene derivatives, are absorbed in the presence of dietary fats with the participation of micelles formed by bile acids. With the transdermal route, the penetration of active components through the stratum corneum is ensured by the lipophilic nature of some compounds and increased permeability when the skin barrier is damaged.

Distribution of active substances after absorption occurs mainly in the liver, kidneys and skin, with flavonoids and phenolic compounds showing a tendency to bind to plasma proteins. Metabolism is carried out mainly in the liver with the participation of conjugation enzymes such as uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases, leading to the formation of water-soluble metabolites. Anthracene derivatives may be partially metabolized in the intestine under the influence of microflora to form metabolites with laxative properties.

Excretion occurs primarily in bile and urine as conjugates. Some lipophilic components may be excreted through the sebaceous and sweat glands of the skin, which is particularly relevant for topical forms of application. For transdermal and topical use, systemic absorption is minimal, which reduces the risk of systemic side effects and ensures local targeting of action.

Reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep....

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Cassia alata

The pharmacological action of Cassia alata is associated with the complex influence of anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins and phytosterols on cellular and molecular targets. Anthracene derivatives, including chrysophanol, are capable of inhibiting fungal growth by disrupting the integrity of the cell wall and membrane through suppression of ergosterol synthesis, as well as affecting cytoplasmic enzymes. Flavonoid compounds block the NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades, leading to a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6. Phenolic acids exhibit antioxidant properties by neutralizing reactive oxygen species and stabilizing membrane lipid structures. Saponins exert a membranotropic effect, altering the permeability of microbial cell membranes, which enhances the fungistatic and antibacterial effect of other components. The effect on enzyme systems, including cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX), confirms the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant. Additionally, a modulating effect on macrophages and neutrophils has been noted, accompanied by enhanced phagocytosis and regulation of reactive oxygen metabolite production.

Reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep....

Synergy — Cassia alata

Synergistic interactions of Cassia alata have been confirmed when combined with other plant and natural components. Combined use with Azadirachta indica (neem) enhances the fungistatic and antibacterial effect due to additive suppression of ergosterol synthesis and combined action on fungal cell membranes. The combination with Curcuma longa (turmeric) demonstrates potentiation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action due to combined inhibition of NF-κB and JAK/STAT cascades, as well as enhanced neutralization of reactive oxygen species. The combination with Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) essential oil exhibits a pronounced additive effect in suppressing the growth of dermatophytes, due to the combined action on the lipid layer of membranes and blockade of fungal metabolism enzymes. Experimental data indicate that combination with saponin-containing plants, such as Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), enhances the permeability of microbial cell walls, increasing the effectiveness of Cassia alata anthracene derivatives. These interactions are primarily realized at the local level, in the tissues of the skin and mucous membranes, with possible systemic effects in combined forms of application.

Reference: https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8...

Geography of Use and Folk Medicine — Cassia alata

Cassia alata is traditionally used in tropical and subtropical regions, including Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central and West Africa, South and Central America, and Oceania. In Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, the plant is known in traditional medicine as a source of fresh leaves for local applications and infusions. In Thai folk medicine, leaves and flowers are used in the form of paste or macerate for cleansing and protective skin procedures, as well as in decoctions and infusions in bathing and steaming practices. In India, Cassia alata is known in the Ayurvedic tradition and mentioned in regional herbals as a plant for external oil applications and washes.

In African countries, including Nigeria, Ghana and Cameroon, plant leaves are traditionally ground into a paste and used in cleansing rituals, as well as for hygienic purposes. In South America, especially in Brazil and Peru, folk healers prepare aqueous infusions from the leaves, which are used to wash the body as part of seasonal health rituals. In the ethnocultural practice of some Amazonian tribes, the plant was considered a "purification plant" and used in transition rites, accompanied by bathing the body with infusions or smoke from burning dry leaves.

Historical mentions of the use of Cassia alata are found in colonial botanical descriptions of the 18th–19th centuries, where it appears as an ornamental and useful plant in colonial gardens in the Caribbean and Southeast Asia. In some cultures, the plant had magical-ritual significance: in Indonesian villages, its leaves were sometimes hung at the entrance of a dwelling as a talisman against "unclean energy" and disease-causing spirits, and in West Africa, dry leaf powder was added to ritual powders for home protection.

In the folklore and mythology of certain ethnic groups in Southeast Asia, Cassia alata was associated with solar symbolism due to its tall, erect form and bright yellow inflorescences, which is reflected in folk names associating the plant with candles and candelabras.