Smoker's Boluses – Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus (CPD)

Smoker's Boluses – Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus (CPD)

Product name: Болюсы курильщика (Vernonia cinerea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula), Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus, Raucher-Bolus Chao Hin Fha, Bolus para fumadores Chao Hin Fha, Bolus pour fumeurs Chao Hin Fha, أقراص عشبية لمكافحة التدخين تشاو هين فا, ยาอมชาวหินฟ้า, Chekuvchilar uchun Chao Hin Fha Bolyusi, Чао Хин Фа Тамеки Чеккендер Үчүн Болюсу, Siqaret çəkənlər üçün Chao Hin Fha Bolusu, Болуси Чао Хин Фа Барои Тамокукашон, Chao Hin Fha Rūkančiojo Boliusas, Chao Hin Fha Smēķētāju Boluss, Болюси для курців Чао Хін Фа, Bolus Chao Hin Fha üçün Siqaret çəkənlər, בולוס צ'או הין פה לגמילה מעישון

Main indications for use of Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): Nicotine dependence, withdrawal syndrome after smoking cessation, acute pharyngitis, chronic pharyngitis, acute laryngitis, chronic laryngitis, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, post-intubation pharyngitis, chronic catarrhal gingivitis, aphthous stomatitis.

Indications for use of Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus) as Part of Therapeutic Complexes: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, non-small cell lung cancer, squamous cell laryngeal cancer, squamous cell oropharyngeal cancer, infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, oral candidiasis.

Main pharmacological properties of Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitussive, immunomodulatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, adaptogenic, detoxifying.

Ingredients — Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): Vernonia cinerea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula.

Functions of the Components in Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus):

• Vernonia cinerea: Reduces nicotine cravings, alleviates withdrawal symptoms, and reduces smoker's cough.
• Glycyrrhiza glabra: Protects throat mucosa, relieves inflammation and irritation, and facilitates breathing.
• Phyllanthus emblica: A powerful antioxidant that aids toxin elimination, strengthens immunity and blood vessels.
• Terminalia chebula: Provides antiseptic and astringent actions, protects mucous membranes from damage, and promotes healing.

Product form of Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): Oral lozenges. Each 350 mg unit contains powders of Vernonia cinerea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Phyllanthus emblica, and Terminalia chebula. Package contains 30 boluses.

Dosage Form — Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus)

Standard Dosag for Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): 2 boluses (700 mg) 3 times a day, for a total of 6 boluses (2.1 g) per day. Recommended for mild to moderate nicotine dependence, and for chronic pharyngitis and laryngitis outside the acute phase. Administration: dissolve slowly in the mouth after meals and when cigarette cravings occur.

Enhanced Dosage for Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): 3 boluses (1.05 g) 3 times a day or 2 boluses 4 times a day, for a total of 9–10 boluses (3.1–3.5 g) per day. Recommended for moderate to severe nicotine dependence, pronounced withdrawal syndrome, and for smoker's chronic bronchitis in the phase of unstable remission. Administration: dissolve in the mouth 30 minutes after meals and additionally during peak smoking urges.

Maximum Dosage for Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): 3 boluses 3–4 times a day, for a total of 9–12 boluses (3.15–4.2 g) per day. Used for severe nicotine dependence with a high number of cigarettes smoked per day (>20/day) and pronounced withdrawal syndrome. The course of treatment should not exceed 16 weeks. Administration: after meals, spaced evenly throughout the day, and no later than 8:00 PM.

Pediatric Dosage for Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): No data available for use in children under 12 years of age. Scientific evidence regarding safety and efficacy in children and adolescents is not registered.

Preventive Dosage for Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): 1–2 boluses daily in 8-week courses, twice a year. Recommended for former smokers to reduce the risk of relapse, as well as for patients with chronic pharyngitis, laryngitis, and bronchitis in remission. Administration — in the evening after meals.

Contraindications for Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): Severe arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure, severe chronic kidney disease, hypokalemia, individual intolerance to components. Scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years of age are not registered.

Side Effects of for Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): Bitterness and numbness of the tongue, dryness of the oral mucosa, dyspeptic symptoms (nausea, mild laxative effect), increased blood pressure, and hypokalemia with prolonged or excessive use.

Dosage adjustment by body weight: For patients weighing less than 60 kg — it is preferable not to exceed the standard dosage (6 boluses per day). For patients weighing over 60 kg — enhanced or maximum dosages (up to 12 boluses per day) may be used in cases of severe dependence.

Storage Conditions for Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus): Store in a dry, dark place at +15 to +25 °C, away from direct sunlight and sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 3 years from the date of manufacture. After opening the package, use within 3 months.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus)

Scientific data on the toxicity of individual components of the preparation indicate that it is safe when used at the recommended dosages.

• Vernonia cinerea: Experimental animal studies showed no lethal effects at doses up to 5 g/kg body weight. LD₅₀ not reached (oral >5 g/kg).
• Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice): Acute toxicity is low; the oral LD₅₀ of the extract in rats is about 14–15 g/kg. The main limitation is associated with chronic intake of high doses of glycyrrhizin (risk of hypokalemia and arterial hypertension).
• Phyllanthus emblica (Amla): Preclinical studies revealed no toxic effects even at doses of 2–3 g/kg body weight. LD₅₀ not determined, considered >5 g/kg.
• Terminalia chebula: Preclinical studies indicate an oral LD₅₀ of more than 3–5 g/kg in rats.

Simulated Overall Toxicity of the Preparation: Assuming one bolus weighs 0.35 g, and the maximum daily dose is 12 boluses (4.2 g), the equivalent exposure for a 70-kg individual is about 0.06 g/kg. This is dozens of times lower than the lowest reported LD₅₀ values for the components (3–5 g/kg and higher).

Conclusion: The preparation has a wide therapeutic window and is considered safe when used at the recommended dosages. The main risks are not related to acute toxicity but to long-term intake of high doses of licorice, which may cause hypertension and hypokalemia.

Synergy — Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus)

The pharmacological synergy of the preparation is achieved through the combination of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, and tannins, as confirmed by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical observations. Vernonia cinerea contains flavonoids and sesquiterpenes that inhibit monoamine oxidase and the enzyme CYP2A6, thereby reducing nicotine metabolism and modulating dopaminergic transmission. In combination with Glycyrrhiza glabra, a potentiation of the anti-inflammatory effect is observed through joint suppression of NF-κB expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines, resulting in additive and partially synergistic effects on the respiratory mucosa. The saponins of licorice enhance the bioavailability of the flavonoids from Vernonia cinerea, confirming the role of licorice as a pharmacokinetic modulator.

Phyllanthus emblica enriches the formula with polyphenols (emblicanin A and B, gallic acid, ellagic acid), which increase overall antioxidant activity and exert tissue-specific effects on the respiratory epithelium. In combination with the tannins of Terminalia chebula, an additive enhancement of antioxidant defense is observed through activation of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as a reduction in reactive oxygen species. The joint action of amla and terminalia is characterized by a potentiating effect on epithelial tissue regeneration and modulation of the immune response.

The combination of Terminalia chebula and Glycyrrhiza glabra provides a pronounced protective effect on the mucosa due to the combination of astringent and mucoprotective properties. It has been demonstrated that the flavonoids of terminalia and the saponins of licorice together reduce vascular permeability, limiting tissue inflammation. In addition, Phyllanthus emblica acts as a modulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, thereby enhancing the adaptogenic potential of the formula and complementing the actions of the other components.

Thus, the synergy is multifunctional in nature: additive enhancement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, potentiation of immunomodulatory effects, pharmacokinetic improvement of bioavailability of active compounds, tissue-specific protection, and regeneration of the respiratory mucosa.

References: PubMed (PMC, 2020–2024), Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley, WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants.

Pharmacodynamics of Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus)

The pharmacodynamic profile of the drug is determined by the combined action of its phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. At the level of the nervous system, Vernonia cinerea modulates dopaminergic mechanisms by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO) and the CYP2A6 enzyme. This dual action slows the breakdown of nicotine and enhances dopamine neurotransmitter activity. Consequently, it helps regulate behavioral and stress responses associated with nicotine dependence.

Regarding the immune system, components of Phyllanthus emblica and Terminalia chebula activate antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase). This activity reduces oxidative stress levels and modulates cytokine synthesis. At the level of the mucous membranes and skin, saponins from Glycyrrhiza glabra enhance the formation of a protective mucosal layer. They possess antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the expression of COX-2 and prostaglandins, thereby reducing local inflammation.

The formula exhibits an antitussive and spasmolytic effect by suppressing the cough reflex and reducing bronchial hyperreactivity. Tannins from Terminalia chebula provide an astringent action, which helps decrease capillary permeability and accelerates the regeneration of epithelial cells.

Phenolic compounds from Terminalia chebula and Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) modulate gastrointestinal motility, provide a mild laxative effect, and help regulate digestive processes.

The preparation demonstrates systemic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and adaptogenic activity. This provides protection against free radical damage, supports homeostasis, and promotes the restoration of functional activity in various organs and systems.

References: PubMed (PMC, 2015–2024), WHO monographs, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, Semantic Scholar.

Pharmacokinetics of Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus)

The medication is administered orally in the form of boluses for buccal absorption. This ensures the gradual release of active substances onto the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa. The primary components—phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins—are partially absorbed through the mucous membranes, providing a local therapeutic effect, while the remaining portion enters the gastrointestinal tract.

The flavonoids from Vernonia cinerea and Phyllanthus emblica undergo primary metabolism in the liver via cytochrome P450 enzymes, as well as biotransformation by the gut microbiota, resulting in phenolic metabolites. These compounds have limited bioavailability; however, their metabolites retain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The saponins from Glycyrrhiza glabra can modulate intestinal permeability and enhance the solubility of other components, thereby improving their absorption.

The tannins from Terminalia chebula exert a local astringent effect. Upon systemic absorption, they are hydrolyzed to form gallic and ellagic acids, which are primarily excreted by the kidneys and partially through bile. The metabolism of polyphenols involves conjugation with glucuronic and sulfuric acids, facilitating their excretion from the body.

The distribution of the active substances is primarily tissue-specific, targeting the mucous membranes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, with systemic distribution observed following repeated administration. Metabolites are eliminated via the kidneys and bile, and to a lesser extent, through the lungs and skin. No accumulation has been observed when used at therapeutic dosages.

References: PubMed (PMC, 2019–2024), ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants.

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale: Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus)

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract: The flavonoids from Vernonia cinerea and the tannins from Termionia chebula exert a modulating effect on cytochrome P450 enzyme systems, including isoforms involved in xenobiotic metabolism. Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) activates hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), providing a membrane-stabilizing and detoxifying effect. The saponins from Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) regulate gastric mucus secretion and exhibit a protective action on the GI mucosa.
Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Immune System: The polyphenols from Amla and Terminalia chebula inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades, which reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). The flavonoids from Vernonia cinerea exhibit an additive anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing COX-2 expression. Licorice saponins enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages and stabilize neutrophil membranes. The cumulative action is additive and modulatory, aimed at limiting the inflammatory response.
Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Nervous System: The flavonoids from Vernonia cinerea inhibit monoamine oxidase enzymes (MAO-A and MAO-B), thereby modulating dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. This mechanism supports the regulation of neurotransmitter systems and reduces stress responses associated with adaptation. The additional involvement of licorice saponins in the modulation of GABA receptors is described as a potentiating sedative mechanism.
Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Endocrine and Metabolic Regulation: Phyllanthus emblica (Amla) and Terminalia chebula influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by modulating the activity of α-glucosidase and lipase enzymes. This is accompanied by an additive antioxidant effect and a reduction in lipid peroxidation. Licorice saponins exert a modulatory influence on corticosteroid pathways by inhibiting the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme, which contributes to membrane-stabilizing action and the regulation of inflammatory responses.
Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Systemic Level: The combined action of the components is characterized as multi-level: local (on mucous membranes), tissue-specific (on the liver and respiratory tract), and systemic (through antioxidant and immunomodulatory mechanisms). The nature of the interaction between the components is additive and potentiating, ensuring a synergistic enhancement of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and membrane-stabilizing activity.
Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Technology for Preparing a Similar Mixture from the Individual Components of Smoker's Boluses (Chao Hin Fha Herbal Bolus)

To prepare 100 grams of the mixture from herbal powders, standardized dried and ground medicinal parts of plants are used. All ingredients must be tested for microbiological purity, have a moisture content not exceeding 8%, and comply with pharmacopoeial requirements.

Ingredients for 100 grams of the mixture:

• Vernonia cinerea (aerial parts, powder) — 40 grams
• Glycyrrhiza glabra (root, powder) — 20 grams
• Phyllanthus emblica (fruit, powder) — 20 grams
• Terminalia chebula (fruit, powder) — 20 grams

Manufacturing Technology:

• Dry all herbal materials at a temperature not exceeding 50 degrees Celsius to a residual moisture content of less than 8%.
• Grind each component into a powder with a particle size of no more than 250 micrometers using a laboratory mill.
• Sieve the powders through a pharmaceutical sieve to obtain a uniform fraction.
• In a separate container, mix the powders in the specified proportions. Mix for 20 minutes in a planetary mixer at a speed of 40 revolutions per minute.
• If a more plastic mass is required for forming boluses or pills, add 10–15% of purified honey or a thick glucose-based syrup at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius. Continue mixing until the binding agent is uniformly distributed.
• Form the finished mass by hand or using a pill machine into boluses weighing 0.35 grams each.
• Dry the boluses in a drying oven at a temperature of 35–40 degrees Celsius for 24 hours until a stable hardness and a residual moisture content of no more than 5% are achieved.
• Package the finished form in airtight containers made of dark glass or multi-layer polymer that protect from moisture and light.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life:

Store in a cool, dry place at a temperature between 15°C and 25°C (59°F and 77°F), protected from direct sunlight and sources of electromagnetic radiation. The shelf life of the finished product is 36 months from the date of manufacture when stored under the recommended conditions. Once the original packaging is opened, the product should be used within 3 months, stored in a tightly sealed container, and protected from moisture.