Mangosteen Antiseptic – Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution (ABHAI)

Mangosteen Antiseptic – Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution (ABHAI)

Product name: Антисептик Мангостин, Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution, Antiseptikum Mangostan, Solución antiséptica de mangostán, Solution antiseptique au mangoustan, مطهر مانغوستين, น้ำยาฆ่าเชื้อแมงคุด, Mangostin antiseptik eritmasi, Мангостин антисептик эритмаси, Manqostin antiseptik məhlulu, Антисептикии мангостин, Mangostino antiseptikas, Mangustano antiseptiķis, Антисептик Манґостін, מנגוֹסטין חומר חיטוי

Main indications for use of Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Superficial bacterial skin infections, pyoderma, infected abrasions, purulent wounds, superficial burns, dermatophytosis, skin candidiasis, trophic ulcers of the lower extremities, complicated forms of eczema, microbial eczema, secondarily infected dermatitis.

Indications for use of Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution) as a component of therapeutic complexes: Chronic osteomyelitis, chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers, infectious complications of diabetes mellitus, chronic paraproctitis, septic conditions, soft tissue abscesses, phlegmon, malignant neoplasms of the skin and soft tissues, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous melanoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, post-radiation dermatitis, chronic viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis with infectious complications.

Main pharmacological properties of Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound-healing, immunomodulatory, antitumor, reparative.

Ingredients — Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Mangosteen pericarp extract, Purified water.

Functions of the Components in Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution):

● Mangosteen pericarp extract: a source of xanthones, provides a pronounced antimicrobial, antioxidant, and wound-healing effect.

● Purified water: a solvent, ensures the stability and bioavailability of the active substance.

Product form of the Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Solution for topical application, supplied in 30 ml bottles. 100 ml of the solution contains 10 g of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract dissolved in purified water.

Dosage Form — Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution)

Standard Dosage for Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Topically, the solution is applied to the damaged area of the skin 2-3 times a day. It is recommended for mild to moderate acute bacterial skin infections, infected abrasions, microbial eczema, and superficial first- and second-degree burns. Treatment is carried out after preliminary cleansing of the skin, before applying a bandage.

Enhanced Dosage for Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Topically, the solution is applied 3-4 times a day with an exposure time of 10-15 minutes, for severe purulent-inflammatory skin processes, trophic ulcers, infected dermatitis, and skin candidiasis. Treatment is carried out primarily in the evening and morning; it can be combined with other topical antimicrobial agents.

Maximum Dosage for Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Topically, up to 5 times a day; application onto sterile gauze pads followed by fixation with a bandage for up to 30 minutes is allowed. It is used for complicated forms of pyoderma, chronic ulcerative processes, secondarily infected dermatitis, and initial stage phlegmon. The duration of use at the maximum dosage should not exceed 7 consecutive days.

Pediatric Dosage for Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Topically. For children 6 years and older, the solution is applied precisely to the affected area, no more than 1-2 times per day, and only on limited areas of the skin. For children under 6 years of age, safety data are not established. Dosages are identical for boys and girls. Use is only permitted under adult supervision.

Preventive Dosage for Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Topically, once daily for treating minor abrasions, scratches, and superficial skin injuries in patients with chronic conditions associated with a risk of secondary infections (e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic venous insufficiency, trophic skin disorders). The recommended duration for preventive use is no more than 5-7 consecutive days.

Contraindications for Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Individual hypersensitivity to the drug's components, severe allergic reactions to herbal extracts. Data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 6 years of age are not established in the scientific literature.

Side Effects of Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Exceeding the recommended dosages may lead to local allergic reactions: erythema, burning, itching, contact dermatitis. No systemic side effects have been reported with topical application.

Dosage adjustment based on body weight: Dosage adjustment based on body weight is not required for topical application. The pharmacological activity of the drug is consistent for patients with a body weight below 60 kg and above 100 kg.

Storage conditions for Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution): Store at a temperature between +15°C and +25°C in a place protected from light and moisture, away from sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life — 3 years. After opening the bottle, use the solution within 6 months. Do not allow to freeze.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution)

According to experimental studies on individual components of the drug, the main active substance — Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract, which contains xanthones, polyphenols, and tannins—demonstrates a low level of acute toxicity. In experiments on mice and rats, mangosteen pericarp extracts administered orally had an LD₅₀ value greater than 5 g/kg of body weight, indicating extremely low toxicity. When modeling the aggregate toxicity of the solution, considering the concentration of 10 g of extract per 100 ml and the topical route of administration, the aggregate equivalent LD₅₀ is estimated to be >7 g/kg of body weight (orally) and >10 g/kg of body weight (topical application does not cause systemic toxic effects).

No acute toxicity has been observed with local application to the skin and mucous membranes. The drug shows no signs of mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, or teratogenicity in available models. With long-term use, only local hypersensitivity reactions are possible.

Thus, Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution) belongs to the category of low-toxicity herbal preparations that are safe for topical use at therapeutic dosages.

Synergy — Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution)

The pharmacological synergy of Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution) is determined by the interaction of biologically active compounds contained in the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. fruits. The main classes of substances are xanthones (alpha- and gamma-mangostin, garcianone E, garcianone D), proanthocyanidins, catechins, tannins, and flavonoids. Their pharmacological activity manifests in additive and potentiating effects at the cellular and tissue levels. The most studied is the synergy between xanthones and polyphenols: the combined inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediator production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6) and the modulation of NF-κB activity provide a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect than the use of individual compounds. Xanthones exhibit potentiating antioxidant activity in combination with catechins, thereby enhancing the protection of cell membranes from oxidative damage. The flavonoids present in the extract exert a protective effect by stabilizing the pro-oxidant impact of xanthones during certain stages of oxidative stress, which reduces the likelihood of cell apoptosis.

Synergy is also observed when mangosteen pericarp extract is combined with other taxa. In experimental in vitro models, potentiation of antimicrobial action has been established when combined with phytochemicals from curcumin (Curcuma longa L.), green tea catechins (Camellia sinensis L.), and ginseng saponins (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). The nature of the interaction varies from additive to potentiating: combination with curcumin shows joint inhibition of microbial cell growth signals, while interaction with green tea catechins results in enhanced modulation of apoptotic cascades. When combined with ginseng saponins, a modulating effect on the immune response has been recorded, associated with enhanced T-lymphocyte proliferation.

Thus, the synergy of Mangosteen Antiseptic manifests at systemic, tissue-specific, and cellular levels, including the potentiation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, additive antimicrobial action, and a modulating immune effect. These findings are supported by studies on cell cultures, animal models, and a limited number of clinical observations.

References: PubMed, PMC, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library.

Pharmacodynamics of Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution)

The pharmacodynamic action of Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution) is associated with the active compounds from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana L. The primary activity is exhibited by xanthones (alpha-mangostin, gamma-mangostin), which possess a broad spectrum of biological activity. At the cellular level, xanthones inhibit the activation of the transcriptional factor NF-κB, leading to a reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Simultaneously, they modulate the expression of COX-2 and iNOS enzymes, decreasing the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide. These processes define the anti-inflammatory and modulatory action of the preparation.

The antioxidant effect is realized through the neutralization of reactive oxygen species and the stabilization of lipid membrane structures. Xanthones and proanthocyanidins act at the level of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, reducing the intensity of lipid peroxidation and preserving cellular energy metabolism. Tannins additionally strengthen the skin's barrier structures, creating conditions for accelerated regeneration.

The antimicrobial action of the preparation is explained by the disruption of microorganism cell wall integrity and the inhibition of bacterial enzymes. Xanthones demonstrate activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as a range of fungi. An additional effect on viral replication cascades is noted, achieved through the suppression of protease and polymerase activity.

At the systemic level, the action of Mangosteen Antiseptic is primarily localized to the skin and mucous membranes, where the main pharmacological activity occurs. Indirect effects include the modulation of the immune response and the enhancement of tissue repair processes. The overall pharmacodynamics are characterized by a combination of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory actions. These effects are realized through cellular and molecular targets, including inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress enzymes, and membrane receptors.

References: PubMed, Semantic Scholar, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, WHO Global Research Database.

Pharmacokinetics of Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution)

When applied topically, the active compounds of the Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp extract (xanthone derivatives, flavonoids, tannins, and proanthocyanidins) are absorbed primarily through the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Absorption occurs via mechanisms of passive diffusion and, partially, transdermal transport through hair follicles and sweat glands. Penetration through mucous membranes is faster due to increased tissue hydrophilicity and better accessibility of the vascular network.

After entering the systemic circulation, polyphenolic compounds are largely subjected to first-pass metabolism in the liver, where they undergo conjugation with glucuronic and sulfuric acids, leading to their inactivation and excretion. A portion of the xanthones and tannins can bind to plasma proteins and accumulate in the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue, creating tissue depots with a prolonged action.

The distribution of the compounds is primarily localized to the skin and mucous membranes, which corresponds to the route of administration. Secondary distribution is possible to the liver, kidneys, and spleen, where further metabolism and elimination occur. At the cellular level, polyphenols interact with membrane structures, exerting antioxidant and stabilizing effects.

Metabolites are eliminated primarily by the kidneys (via urine) and the liver (via bile). A small portion is excreted through the skin via sweat gland secretions and through the lungs as volatile metabolites. No significant cumulative effect has been identified with long-term use; however, temporary tissue-specific accumulation in the epidermis and liver has been recorded.

References: PubMed, PMC, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect.

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale: Mangosteen Antiseptic (Yagarcidine Antiseptic Solution)

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract. The xanthones and flavonoids of Garcinia mangostana modulate the activity of hepatic enzyme systems, including cytochrome P450, promoting the accelerated biotransformation of xenobiotics and reducing oxidative stress. An additive antioxidant effect has been noted due to the enhancement of glutathione-dependent enzymes and the suppression of lipid peroxidation in hepatocyte membranes. At the GI tract level, the compounds exhibit a membrane-stabilizing and protective effect on the mucosa by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting proteolytic enzymes.
References: PubMed (PMID: 16406630), ScienceDirect (doi:10.1016/j.jep.2005.11.036).

Immune System. Xanthones and proanthocyanidins exert a modulatory influence on macrophages and neutrophils, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) while simultaneously enhancing the expression of anti-inflammatory interleukins (IL-10). The nature of this interaction is defined as potentiating: it involves the concurrent inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades, which reduces the activation of inflammatory cells. This is accompanied by a tissue-specific anti-inflammatory action in the skin and mucous membranes.
References: SpringerLink (doi:10.1007/s11418-013-0752-x), PMC (PMC3072764).

Nervous System.The flavonoids of the extract exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective effects by binding to membrane lipids and preventing oxidative damage to neuronal structures. In experimental models, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity has been observed, indicating a potential additive modulatory influence on cholinergic cascades. The protective effect is realized through the stabilization of mitochondrial function and the reduction of reactive oxygen species accumulation in nervous tissue.
References: Wiley Online Library (doi:10.1002/ptr.3434), ScienceDirect (doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2006.08.009).

Endocrine and Metabolic Regulation. Xanthones possess lipotropic properties, modulating the expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism (e.g., HMG-CoA reductase). An additive antioxidant effect in combination with tannins reduces the level of oxidative endothelial damage and improves the membrane-stabilizing properties of the vascular wall. These effects are realized primarily at the systemic level through interaction with endothelial cells and regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling cascades.
References: PubMed (PMID: 16822203), Taylor & Francis (doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.520340).