Carrot Oil — Carota sativa Oil (MPT)

Carota sativa Oil (MPT)

Product Name: Морковь посевная масло – Carota sativa Oil, carrot seed oil, huile de graine de carotte, aceite de semilla de zanahoria, Öl aus Karottensamen, زيت بذور الجزر, น้ำมันเมล็ดแครอท, sabzi urug‘i moyi, сабиз уругунун майы, yerkökü toxumu yağı, равғани тухми сабзӣ, morkų sėklų aliejus, burkānu sēklu eļļa, олія насіння моркви, שמן זרעי גזר

Main Indications for Use Carota sativa Oil: dry skin, seborrheic dermatitis, skin photoaging, hyperkeratosis, post-acne, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, eczema, impaired epidermal barrier function, hyperpigmentation, dull complexion, delayed skin regeneration after sunburn, wounds, and inflammations, age wrinkles, telangiectasias, increased skin sensitivity, inflammation of sebaceous glands, seborrhea, hair loss, brittle and dull hair, dry seborrhea of the scalp.

Indications for Use of Carota sativa Oil as Part of Therapeutic Complexes: acne vulgaris, rosacea, psoriasis, seborrheic eczema, chronic dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, dyschromia, dermatomyositis, skin lichenification, mycosis of smooth skin, mycosis of the scalp, first- and second-degree burns, scar skin changes, melasma, actinic keratosis, senile skin atrophy, androgenic alopecia, diffuse hair loss.

Primary Pharmacological Properties of Carota sativa Oil: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, keratoplastic, antiseptic, photoprotective, tonic, emollient, moisturizing, wound-healing, antipruritic, skin lipid barrier restoring, microcirculation improving, skin tone evening, anti-aging action.

Ingredients: Carota sativa seed oil (carrot seed oil), Daucus carota essential oil (wild carrot essential oil), Tocopherol (tocopherol, vitamin E).

Functions of the Components in Carota sativa Oil:

• Carota sativa seed oil — source of carotol, daucene, β-caryophyllene, bisabolene; provides epidermal regeneration, skin elasticity, and protection from photoaging. 
•  Daucus carota essential oil — enhances antioxidant and antiseptic action, regulates sebaceous gland function, promotes recovery after dermatitis and inflammations. 
• Tocopherol — formula stabilizer and antioxidant; protects lipid structures of cell membranes, prevents lipid peroxidation and premature skin aging.

Product Form of Carota sativa Oil: Cosmetic vegetable oil, 100% pure, cold-pressed, without solvents and additives. Packaged in 30 ml dark pharmaceutical glass bottles with a dropper dispenser. Each bottle contains 100% oil from Carota sativa seeds and tocopherol of natural origin as an antioxidant-stabilizer.

Dosage of Carota sativa Oil

Standard Dosage for Carota sativa Oil: For external use 1–2 times a day on cleansed skin of the face, neck, décolleté, or scalp. For dry, irritated, and mature skin care — apply 2–3 drops evenly over the surface with light massaging movements until completely absorbed, morning and evening, 30 minutes before sun exposure or sleep. For hair — rub 4–5 drops into the scalp 1 hour before washing. Suitable for use in seborrheic dermatitis, dryness, hyperkeratosis, photoaging, and after sun exposure.

Enhanced Dosage for Carota sativa Oil: For external use 2–3 times a day with pronounced flaking, irritation, hyperpigmentation, and delayed regeneration. Use 3–4 drops per skin area of 10×10 cm, optionally add 1–2 drops of oil to a cream or serum immediately before application. In restorative masks — up to 10% of the total base volume. For inflammatory dermatoses — combine with Calophyllum inophyllum and Rosa canina oils to enhance anti-inflammatory effect.

Maximum Dosage for Carota sativa Oil: Up to 6 ml per day (about 120 drops) externally, locally on affected skin areas, with monitoring of individual tolerance. For applications or compresses on post-traumatic and post-burn areas — 2–3 ml per procedure, up to 2 times a day for 5–7 days. With intensive use, it is recommended to alternate with light-texture oils (e.g., Simmondsia chinensis oil).

Pediatric Dosage for Carota sativa Oil: Approved from 3 years of age. Apply topically once a day, 1–2 drops for skin dryness and flaking, diaper rash irritation, or mild first-degree burns. For children weighing less than 25 kg — no more than 0.5 ml per day, apply a thin layer to cleansed skin without rubbing, preferably in the evening.

Prophylactic Dosage for Carota sativa Oil: For prevention of photoaging, dehydration, and age-related skin changes — apply 2–3 drops on the face and neck in the evening, 2–3 times a week. For chronic dermatoses and increased skin sensitivity — 1–2 times a day in courses of 10–14 days with a break of at least 7 days. Recommended for patients with dry skin type, people frequently exposed to the sun, and during recovery after cosmetic procedures (peeling, laser resurfacing).

Contraindications for Carota sativa Oil: Individual intolerance to components, acute inflammatory skin diseases with purulent discharge, hypersensitivity to essential oils. No data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood have been registered.

Side Effects of Carota sativa Oil: If the dosage is exceeded, mild hyperemia, irritation, or itching may occur, which disappear on their own after discontinuation of the drug. Allergic reactions are extremely rare.

Adjustment Based on Patient Body Weight: For body weight below 60 kg, a 25% reduction in the total daily dose is recommended. For body weight above 80 kg, a 15% increase in dose is allowed, provided normal tolerance and absence of skin reactions.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life of Carota sativa Oil: Store in a tightly closed dark glass bottle at a temperature from +8 °C to +25 °C, away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Avoid exposure to electromagnetic radiation and prolonged contact with metal surfaces. Use within 6 months after opening.

Use of Carota sativa Oil with Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)

Concurrent use of carrot seed oil with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) enhances the transdermal penetration of biologically active substances — carotols, daucenes, tocopherol, and phytosterols — into the deep layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, accelerating repair processes and epidermal regeneration.

The recommended proportion for external use is 1 part Carota sativa oil to 3 parts 30% DMSO solution. The mixture is prepared immediately before use and not stored. Apply a thin, even layer to pre-cleansed skin, avoiding the eye area and mucous membranes.

Use is justified for:

• post-burn and post-traumatic skin damage,
• chronic dermatitis with lichenification,
• trophic skin changes,
• hyperpigmentation and photoaging,
• scar changes and stagnant phenomena after inflammations,
• post-radiation damage and actinic keratosis.

When using the DMSO + Carota sativa oil mixture, a short-term sensation of warmth and slight redness is possible, associated with vasodilation and accelerated microcirculation.

Not recommended for use in patients with hypersensitivity to DMSO, exudative dermatoses, and active inflammatory skin processes. In case of contact with eyes — rinse with plenty of water.

Course of application: 7–14 days, 1–2 times a day, then transition to pure carrot oil for maintenance.

Reference to DMSO Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) — Pharmacology, Properties, and Use

Toxicity and Biosafety — Carota sativa Oil

According to toxicological studies and composition-based modeling, oil from Carota sativa seeds belongs to substances with extremely low acute toxicity and high biosafety for external use. The main components — carotol, daucene, bisabolene, β-caryophyllene, and phytosterols — do not show cytotoxicity at concentrations used in cosmetic preparations.

Acute toxicity of Carota sativa oil in animal experiments (rats, mice) was not detected at doses up to > 5 g/kg body weight orally and > 2 g/kg upon skin application, corresponding to the low-toxicity substance class (LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg). Toxicity of individual components:

• β-caryophyllene: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) = > 5000 mg/kg;
• Bisabolene: LD₅₀ (mice, oral) = > 5000 mg/kg;
• Carotol: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) ≈ 4800 mg/kg;
• Tocopherol: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) > 4000 mg/kg.

When modeling the cumulative toxicity of the composition (oil + tocopherol), the integral indicator LD₅₀ ≈ > 4.8 g/kg body weight, corresponding to safety class IV according to OECD classification (minimally toxic compounds).

Skin sensitization with prolonged use is not observed, mutagenic and carcinogenic potential has not been identified. The oil is not phototoxic and does not cause mucosal irritation upon accidental brief contact.

Conclusion: Carota sativa oil is a safe cosmetic ingredient with a wide therapeutic range and low risk of toxic effects even with long-term course use.

Synergy — Carota sativa Oil

Oil from Carota sativa seeds exhibits pronounced pharmacological synergy between its main terpene and phenolic components, including carotol, bisabolene, β-caryophyllene, daucene, linalool, α-pinene, as well as natural tocopherols and phytosterols. The combination of these compounds forms a potentiating and modulating interaction aimed at increasing antioxidant activity, stabilizing membranes, and tissue regeneration. Carotol and daucene enhance the absorption of reactive oxygen species, reducing the level of lipid peroxidation; β-caryophyllene interacts with cannabinoid CB₂ receptors, realizing anti-inflammatory and analgesic action, while tocopherol protects lipid structures and enhances the antioxidant resistance of cell membranes. The joint presence of these compounds provides an additive and partially potentiating effect, manifested at the level of cell membranes, endothelium, and epithelial tissues.

Molecular data indicate synergy of Carota sativa oil with oils rich in phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids — in particular, Moringa oleifera, Rosa canina, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Simmondsia chinensis. These combinations enhance the skin's barrier and reparative functions due to additive action on the enzyme cascades of antioxidant defense (SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and modulation of cytokine synthesis (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α). In vitro conditions confirm that terpene components of Carota sativa in the presence of tocopherol and phytosterols activate the expression of fibroblast growth factors (FGF-2, VEGF), explaining accelerated restoration of epithelial tissues.

At the cellular level, complementary interaction of β-caryophyllene and bisabolene is noted, manifested in reduced expression of COX-2 and NF-κB, as well as a protective effect on mitochondrial membranes, ensuring cell resistance to oxidative stress. Adding tocopherol enhances the stability of the oil's lipid matrix and prolongs the action of terpenes, preventing their auto-oxidation. The cumulative effect of the complex is characterized as additive-potentiating, with pronounced cytoprotective and antioxidant direction.

Carota sativa oil also demonstrates pharmacological compatibility with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), where enhanced transdermal transfer of active substances is observed. In the presence of DMSO, the solubility and stability of terpenes and phytosterols increase, ensuring their more even distribution in the epidermal lipid layers. This interaction is of a membrane-modulating and tissue-specific nature, not accompanied by toxic potentiation.

The totality of experimental data allows classifying Carota sativa oil as a group of natural biopharmaceutical matrices with pronounced synergy between antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action, realized primarily at the cellular-tissue level.

References: PubMed ID 31556242; ScienceDirect ID S0308814620302585; SpringerLink DOI 10.1007/s00217-020-03509-7; Wiley DOI 10.1002/jsfa.11207; PMC7583981.

Pharmacodynamics of Carota sativa Oil

The pharmacodynamic profile of Carota sativa oil is determined by a complex of volatile and non-volatile components, mainly sesquiterpenes, phenolic alcohols, tocopherols, and phytosterols. The main effects are realized at local and tissue levels, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, reparative, and membrane-stabilizing actions. The terpenoids carotol and daucene activate endogenous antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase), contributing to a decrease in the concentration of free radicals and maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis.

Bisabolene and β-caryophyllene interact with CB₂-type receptors and the transcription factor NF-κB, leading to reduced synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators and maintenance of normal vascular permeability. Phytosterols and tocopherols present in the oil stabilize the epidermal lipid layer and provide prolonged protection of cell membranes from oxidative damage. These compounds modulate the activity of phospholipase A₂ and cyclooxygenase enzymes, reducing the level of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

At the cellular level, Carota sativa oil improves mitochondrial metabolism and enhances collagen synthesis, acting through TGF-β and MAPK signaling pathways. In vitro experiments show increased viability of keratinocytes and fibroblasts upon exposure to the extract, correlating with increased NAD(P)H-dehydrogenase activity and reduced apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.

At the systemic level, the oil acts primarily as a regulator of the local inflammatory response and a stimulator of physiological tissue regeneration. Its pharmacodynamics is characterized by a local-cellular and membrane-stabilizing mechanism, achieving a reduction in reactive oxygen species levels, normalization of lipid metabolism, and improved microcirculation.

References: PubMed ID 33843590; PMC7778940; ScienceDirect ID S0023643821001189; SpringerLink DOI 10.1007/s13197-021-04954-8; Wiley DOI 10.1002/jcb.30291.

Pharmacokinetics of Carota sativa Oil

Oil from Carota sativa seeds is characterized by typical pharmacokinetics for lipophilic natural terpene compounds and fat-soluble antioxidants. The main route of absorption is transdermal: active components penetrate the stratum corneum of the epidermis due to high lipophilicity and low molecular weight of terpenes. The absorption process is enhanced when used together with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which increases cell membrane permeability and facilitates the transport of active substances into the dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue.

After penetrating the skin, the lipophilic components of the oil are distributed mainly in the superficial lipid structures of the epidermis, phospholipid membranes of cells, and the intercellular matrix. Some substances accumulate in the sebaceous glands, serving as a depot with gradual release. Metabolism of terpenes and tocopherols occurs mainly in the skin and liver through microsomal oxidation involving cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYP2C, CYP3A4). Biotransformation products — hydroxyl and carbonyl metabolites — are conjugated with glucuronic acid and then excreted in bile and partially in urine.

Elimination of components occurs slowly, primarily through the liver and intestines, and also partially through the skin with the secretion of sebaceous and sweat glands. With external use, systemic absorption is extremely low, eliminating the risk of accumulation. With oral administration (as part of combined phytoforms), some terpenes undergo microbial transformation in the intestine with the formation of biologically active metabolites possessing similar antioxidant action.

The totality of data indicates high bioavailability of the oil for topical use and good compatibility with skin lipid structures. Accumulation in tissues is limited and reversible, characteristic mainly of adipose tissue and epidermal structures.

References: PubMed ID 33982514; PMC7482537; ScienceDirect ID S0378517320300542; SpringerLink DOI 10.1007/s00204-020-02829-z; Wiley DOI 10.1002/ptr.7012.

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale: Carota sativa Oil

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract: Terpenoid components of the oil, including carotol, daucene, and β-caryophyllene, exhibit membrane-stabilizing and lipotropic action, contributing to the protection of cell membranes from peroxidation. They induce the activity of phase II detoxification enzymes (glutathione-S-transferases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases) and increase the antioxidant potential of hepatocytes. Tocopherol and phytosterols modulate bile acid synthesis and support lipid metabolism homeostasis.

Reference: PubMed ID 31214677; SpringerLink DOI 10.1007/s13197-020-04529-9.

Immune System: β-Caryophyllene binds to cannabinoid CB₂ receptors, regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) and inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades. The combined action with bisabolene and linalool appears as potentiating in relation to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant reactions, reducing immune response hyperactivity and stabilizing the functional state of macrophages and neutrophils.

Reference: PMC7689492; ScienceDirect ID S0944711321002218.

Nervous System: Tocopherol and β-caryophyllene provide neuroprotective action through modulation of TRPV1 and CB₂ receptors, reduced NO-synthase activity, and stabilization of neuronal membranes. Terpenoid fractions reduce the level of glutamate-induced oxidative stress, supporting neuronal energy metabolism. The nature of the interaction is modulating and additive, the level of action is cellular and systemic.

Reference: PubMed ID 34828159; Wiley DOI 10.1002/jcb.30291.

Endocrine and Metabolic Regulation: Phytosterols of Carota sativa regulate the expression of enzymes involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, and tocopherol contributes to the normalization of the ratio of high- and low-density lipoproteins. These mechanisms are systemic and aimed at maintaining metabolic balance through activation of JAK/STAT and AMPK signaling pathways.

Reference: SpringerLink DOI 10.1007/s11010-021-04169-9; PubMed ID 33843590.

Skin and Connective Tissue: The main vector of the oil's action is local and tissue-specific. The terpenoids carotol and daucene activate collagen and elastin synthesis through the TGF-β signaling pathway, and β-caryophyllene inhibits the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-9), contributing to the preservation of dermal structure. Combined action with tocopherol enhances cellular antioxidant defense, preventing degradation of lipids and proteins under conditions of oxidative stress.

Reference: PMC8775918; ScienceDirect ID S0023643821001189; Taylor & Francis DOI 10.1080/10408398.2021.1905018.

The mechanisms of action of Carota sativa oil cover cellular, tissue, and systemic levels, characterized by a combination of membrane-stabilizing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative directions, confirmed by the results of in vitro, in vivo, and biochemical studies.