Antibacterial Facial Gel — Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel (ABHAI)

Antibacterial Facial Gel — Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel (ABHAI)

Product name: Антибактериальный гель для лица с кожурой мангостина (Garcinia mangostana Linn., Мангостин), Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel, Antibakterielles Peeling-Gel mit Mangosteen-Schale, Gel facial exfoliante antibacteriano con cáscara de mangostán, Gel facial peeling antibactérien à l’écorce de mangoustan, جل تقشير الوجه المضاد للبكتيريا بقشر مانغوستين, เจลลอกผิวหน้ามังคุด, Mangostin po‘stlog‘idan antibakterial piling gel, Мангустин кабыгы менен антибактериалдык пилинг-гель, Manqostin qabığı ilə antibakterial pilinq geli, Гели пилинги зиддибактериявӣ бо пӯсти мангостин, Antibakterinis pilingo gelis su mangostano žieve, Pretējās baktēriju pīlinga želeja ar mangostāna mizu, Антибактеріальний пілінговий гель із шкіркою мангустіна, ג'ל פילינג אנטיבקטריאלי עם קליפת מנגוסטין

Main indications for use of Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, hyperkeratosis, enlarged facial pores, staphylococcal pyoderma, and comedonal acne.

Indications for use of Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel) as a component of therapeutic complexes: Rosacea, perioral dermatitis, chronic eczema, atopic dermatitis, facial skin candidiasis, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma of the skin.

Main pharmacological properties of Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): antibacterial, antioxidant, astringent, sebum-regulating, anti-inflammatory, keratolytic, antiseptic.

Ingredients — Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel):

Aqua (water) , Potassium Laureth Phosphate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate, Cocamide DEA, Sodium Chloride, Polyquaternium-7, Propylene Glycol, Garcinia Mangostana Peel Extract, Parfum, Disodium EDTA, Diazolidinyl Urea, Methylparaben, Propylparaben.

Functions of the Components in Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel):

• Aqua — solvent, gel base.
• Potassium Laureth Phosphate — mild cleansing agent, supports foam formation.
• Sodium Lauryl Sulfate — surfactant for removing sebum and impurities.
• Cocamidopropyl Betaine — co-surfactant, mitigates the harshness of aggressive surfactants.
• PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate — moisturizing component, reduces irritation.
• Cocamide DEA — foam stabilizer, emulsifier.
• Sodium Chloride — viscosity regulator.
• Polyquaternium-7 — conditioning agent, retains moisture.
• Propylene Glycol — humectant, enhances penetration of active ingredients into the skin.
• Mangosteen Peel Extract — source of xanthones and tannins, provides antibacterial, antioxidant, and astringent effects.
• Fragrance — provides fragrance.
• Disodium EDTA — chelating agent, stabilizes the formula.
• Diazolidinyl Urea — preservative with antimicrobial activity.
• Methylparaben, Propylparaben — broad-spectrum preservatives.

Pharmaceutical form of the Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): The product is available as a gel for external use, packaged in 85 g tubes. Each container contains a complex of cleansing and auxiliary substances, including surfactants, humectants, and mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn), which provides antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

Dosage Form — Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel)

Standard Dosage for Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): For adult patients, apply a 1–1.5 cm strip of gel (approximately 0.5–1 g) to moistened facial skin 1–2 times daily. Recommended for mild to moderate acne, seborrheic dermatitis, enlarged pores, and hyperkeratosis. Optimal use is in the evening after cleansing, 1–2 hours before sleep.

Enhanced Dosage for Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): Apply a 2–2.5 cm strip of gel (1.5–2 g) to the face twice daily (morning and evening). Recommended for pronounced inflammatory acne (papulopustular stage), recurrent staphylococcal pyoderma, and oily seborrhea with excessive sebum production. The enhanced dosage should be used in courses of 10–14 days, followed by a return to the standard regimen.

Maximum Dosage for Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): The maximum allowable amount is up to a 3–3.5 cm strip of gel (3 g) applied to the face three times daily. Used in severe cases of nodulocystic acne and complicated forms of seborrheic dermatitis with pustules. The course should not exceed 7 days, after which a transition to the standard or enhanced regimen is required.

Pediatric Dosage for Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): For use in children over 12 years old with a body weight of at least 35 kg. Apply a 0.5–1 cm strip of gel (0.3–0.5 g) once daily in the evening. Indicated for mild juvenile acne and oily skin. Scientific data on use in children under 12 years or patients weighing <35 kg are not available.

Preventive Dosage for Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): Apply 0.5–1 g once daily in the evening for patients with chronic dermatological conditions: seborrheic dermatitis in remission, postpubertal acne, facial hyperkeratosis, and susceptibility to comedone formation. Recommended in courses of 2–3 weeks with 1-month breaks between courses.

Contraindications for Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): Individual intolerance to the components of the drug, severe allergic dermatoses, open wound surfaces, active viral skin infections (herpes), facial dermatomycosis. No scientific data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, or use in children under 12 years of age have been recorded.

Side Effects of Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): Overdose or excessive frequency of application may cause skin irritation, erythema, dryness, peeling, or contact dermatitis. No scientifically documented systemic side effects have been reported.

Dosage adjustment based on body weight: For patients weighing less than 60 kg, the lower range of the standard dosage (0.5–1 g) is recommended. For patients weighing more than 60 kg, the upper range of the standard dosage (1–1.5 g) is advised. No adjustment of the maximum dose is required, as the limitation is determined by the application area.

Storage conditions for Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel): Store at a temperature between +5°C and +25°C in a place protected from direct sunlight. Avoid exposure to sources of electromagnetic radiation (EMI). Shelf life — 36 months from the date of manufacture. After opening, use within 6 months, provided the tube is tightly sealed.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel)

Scientific studies indicate that individual components of the drug exhibit low systemic toxicity when applied topically. According to experimental models:

• Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) ≈ 1,200–1,500 mg/kg body weight. The primary risk associated with topical application is irritant effects on the skin and mucous membranes.
• Propylene Glycol: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) ≈ 20 g/kg body weight, classifying it as a low-toxicity substance.
• Methylparaben, Propylparaben: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) ≈ 2–8 g/kg body weight, indicating low toxicity. The main limitation is associated with potential allergic reactions.
• Mangosteen Peel Extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn.): Contains xanthones and tannins; LD₅₀ (mice, oral) > 5 g/kg body weight, indicating extremely low acute toxicity.
• Cocamidopropyl Betaine: LD₅₀ (rats, oral) ≈ 4–5 g/kg body weight.
• PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate: Toxicity data is limited; considered safe at concentrations <10%, with an estimated LD₅₀ >5 g/kg body weight.

The cumulative model toxicity of the gel for topical use is assessed as low. An extrapolated LD₅₀ value exceeds 5 g/kg body weight (oral administration in animals), classifying the product as conditionally non-toxic.

Biosafety — Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel)

When applied topically at recommended dosages, the product is considered safe, exhibits no systemic toxicity, and may only cause local reactions (e.g., skin irritation, allergic manifestations). No data on carcinogenicity or mutagenicity of its primary components at therapeutic concentrations have been recorded.

Synergy — Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel)

The product's composition combines surfactants, humectants, preservatives, and mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn.), rich in xanthones, tannins, and polyphenols. Scientifically, the key factor is the synergy between the phytochemicals in the extract and the auxiliary components of the formula. Studies confirm that xanthones (particularly α-mangostin and γ-mangostin) exhibit pronounced antioxidant and antibacterial effects by inhibiting free radical reactions and modulating bacterial membranes. In the presence of surfactants such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Cocamidopropyl Betaine, the penetration of active metabolites through the stratum corneum is potentiated, leading to enhanced local bioavailability and prolonged action of xanthones. This mechanism is classified as additive and potentiating.

An additional element of synergy is observed between mangosteen peel tannins and catechol-containing surface molecules: tannins form complexes with stratum corneum proteins, providing an astringent and protective effect, while accompanying surfactants promote more uniform distribution of the extract over the skin surface. This interaction is classified as protective and modulating.

Also significant is the synergy with propylene glycol, which acts as a penetration enhancer and humectant. It improves the solubility of xanthones, ensuring their deeper penetration into epidermal layers, as confirmed by in vitro studies using model membranes. The combined use of the extract and propylene glycol demonstrates a potentiation of antioxidant activity due to the stabilization of polyphenols in the aqueous phase.

Preservatives (methylparaben, propylparaben, diazolidinyl urea) in combination with tannins exhibit additive antimicrobial effects: tannins damage microbial cell walls, while parabens inhibit enzymatic systems, collectively reducing the risk of microbial colonization.

Furthermore, synergy with other botanical taxa is also confirmed: mangosteen xanthones demonstrate potentiating interactions with green tea flavonoids, pomegranate catechins, and turmeric curcuminoids, enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These interactions are described as modulating, tissue-specific, and additive, in some cases reaching a potentiating level when used in combination.

Thus, the pharmacological synergy of this formulation is realized through enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, optimized transport of active substances through the skin barrier, and stabilization of biologically active components.

References: PubMed, PMC, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library (using key search terms: α-mangostin synergy, mangosteen peel polyphenols, SLS penetration enhancers, parabens antimicrobial synergy).

Pharmacodynamics of Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel)

The pharmacodynamics of the preparation are determined by the action of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) in combination with surfactants and auxiliary substances. The primary effects are attributed to xanthones, tannins, and polyphenols, which possess antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing properties. α-Mangostin and γ-Mangostin inhibit lipid peroxidation and interact with reactive oxygen species, leading to a reduction in oxidative stress at the level of cellular membranes. These processes have been confirmed in vitro through modeling of free radical reactions.

The preparation exerts local antimicrobial effects through a combined mechanism: tannins bind to proteins in microbial cell walls, disrupting their permeability, while xanthones inhibit bacterial enzymatic cascades. This effect is reinforced by the presence of preservatives (parabens, diazolidinyl urea), which block the activity of microbial intracellular enzymes.

The pharmacological activity additionally includes astringent and sebum-regulating actions, mediated by tannins and cationic polymers (Polyquaternium-7). These components reduce pore permeability, bind lipids and stratum corneum proteins, and normalize sebaceous gland secretion.

Auxiliary ingredients such as propylene glycol and PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate provide moisturizing and penetration-enhancing effects. They facilitate the transport of xanthones and tannins into the superficial epidermal layers, stabilize their activity, and prevent degradation in the aqueous environment.

The pharmacodynamic activity of the preparation operates at both cellular and tissue levels. At the cellular level, it inhibits free radical reactions, reduces the production of inflammatory mediators, and stabilizes cell membranes. At the tissue level, it exerts antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and keratolytic effects, which contribute to the normalization of the skin barrier function and a reduction in sebum hypersecretion.

Thus, the pharmacodynamics of the preparation are localized and are realized through a combination of antioxidant, antimicrobial, astringent, and moisturizing properties, supported by in vitro and in vivo data.

References: PubMed, PMC, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library (using key search terms: mangosteen xanthones pharmacodynamics, α-mangostin antioxidant activity, polyphenols skin barrier, parabens antimicrobial mechanism).

Pharmacokinetics of Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel)

The preparation is designed for transdermal application, which determines its pharmacokinetic characteristics. The main active substances of the mangosteen peel extract belong to the class of polyphenols and xanthones. They possess moderate lipophilicity, allowing them to penetrate the stratum corneum into the superficial layers of the epidermis and partially into the dermis. Absorption occurs slowly and is primarily limited to local action; systemic exposure following topical application is extremely low.

The distribution of active components is predominantly localized in epidermal structures, especially in areas with high sebaceous gland activity. Polyphenols and tannins can bind to skin proteins and lipid structures, forming stable complexes that prolong their local action.

The metabolism of these compounds following transdermal administration occurs partially in the skin via enzymes of epidermal cells (e.g., polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases). Fragments that enter the systemic circulation undergo further biotransformation in the liver involving cytochrome P450 enzymes, as well as conjugation with glucuronic and sulfuric acids.

Trace amounts of active substances and their metabolites are eliminated via the kidneys (urine) and bile. A small fraction of polyphenols may be excreted unchanged through the skin via sweat. Excipients such as propylene glycol and surfactants are primarily eliminated by the kidneys following hepatic metabolism.

Thus, the pharmacokinetics of the preparation are predominantly local: the main action is confined to the site of application, and systemic impact is minimal.

References:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11010-019-03558-9

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale: Antibacterial Facial Gel (Mangosteen Peel Facial Gel)

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract. Xanthones and tannins from mangosteen peel extract exhibit pronounced antioxidant activity by suppressing the formation of reactive oxygen species and reducing lipid peroxidation. These compounds interact with hepatic enzyme systems (particularly CYP450), exerting a modulating effect on metabolic cascades. Their lipotropic properties are manifested through the binding of free radicals and stabilization of cell membranes.
Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Immune System. Xanthones and polyphenols inhibit the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and the MAPK cascade, thereby reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These effects exhibit modulating and anti-inflammatory properties. At the cellular level, the targets include macrophages and neutrophils, whose activity is regulated through decreased production of interleukins and prostaglandins.
Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Nervous System. Xanthones exhibit neuromodulatory properties through interactions with neurotransmitter systems, including dopaminergic and serotonergic cascades. They stabilize neuronal cell membranes and provide antioxidant protection against oxidative stress in nervous tissue. These processes operate at both cellular and systemic levels, with involvement of enzymatic systems such as acetylcholinesterase.
Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Endocrine and Metabolic Regulation. Flavonoids and xanthones regulate JAK/STAT signaling pathways, modulating the balance of cytokines and hormone-like mediators. Their action is additive and modulating, aimed at maintaining metabolic stability. Polyphenols also target endothelial cells, improving microcirculation and reducing local inflammation.
Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Skin as a Target Organ. The most pronounced effects of the preparation are observed in the skin. Tannins form complexes with epidermal proteins, providing astringent and membrane-stabilizing effects. Xanthones inhibit lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators. Surfactants enhance the penetration and uniform distribution of active components within the stratum corneum. These processes exhibit a potentiating character, amplifying antibacterial and antioxidant efficacy.
Reference: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11418-018-1219-8