Tarenna hoaensis

Tarenna hoaensis

Product Name: Маха мэк, Tarenna hoaensis, Maha Mek, Meca Maha, Maha mek, مها مك, มหาม็ก, Macha mek, Макха мек, Мака мек, Маха мек, Маха мек, Маха мек, Маха мек, מהא מק

Synonyms: маха мек, maha mek, Maha mek, meca maha, maha mek, مها مك, มหาม็ก

Parts Used: bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, roots.

Main indications for use of Tarenna hoaensis: chronic gastritis, dyspepsia, bacterial intestinal infections, chronic colitis, inflammatory liver diseases, viral hepatitis, chronic cholecystitis, bacterial skin infections, dermatophytosis, wound infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, pharyngitis.

Use of Tarenna hoaensis in mixtures and complexes: irritable bowel syndrome, chronic diarrhea of non-infectious etiology, intestinal dysbiosis, chronic pancreatitis, helminthic infestations, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, chronic venous insufficiency.

Pharmacological properties of Tarenna hoaensis: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, astringent, spasmolytic, wound healing, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, antifungal, immunostimulating.

Dosage of pharmaceutical forms — Tarenna hoaensis

Powder — Tarenna hoaensis

Indications (Powder): chronic gastritis, dyspepsia, bacterial intestinal infections, chronic colitis, inflammatory liver diseases, viral hepatitis, chronic cholecystitis, bacterial skin infections, dermatophytosis, wound infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, pharyngitis.

Standard Dosage (Powder): orally, 1–2 g of powder 2–3 times a day after meals, with warm water.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 2–3 g of powder 3 times a day for acute bacterial intestinal infections, inflammatory liver diseases, viral hepatitis, purulent wound infections.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): up to 10 g per day for severe forms of bacterial intestinal infections and generalized skin infections.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 0.5–1 g of powder 1 time a day in courses of 14 days every 3 months for chronic gastritis, chronic cholecystitis, chronic colitis, dermatophytosis.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): from 7 years of age, with body weight from 25 kg — 0.25–0.5 g of powder 1–2 times a day, only as prescribed by a physician.

Contraindications (Powder): individual hypersensitivity; no scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 7 years of age.

Side Effects (Powder): in case of overdose, gastric mucosal irritation, nausea, diarrhea are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Powder): for body weight below 60 kg — dose reduction by 20%; for body weight above 90 kg — dose increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Powder): for 100 g of product: dried plant bark — 100 g; the bark is cleaned of external contaminants, dried at a temperature not exceeding 45 °C to constant weight, ground into powder in a mill to particles smaller than 0.5 mm, sieved through a No. 0.5 sieve, packaged in airtight dark glass containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): store in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 15–25 °C, in airtight containers, protect from direct sunlight and electromagnetic radiation, shelf life — up to 24 months, after opening the package — use within 6 months.

Dry Extract — Tarenna hoaensis

Indications (Dry Extract): chronic gastritis, dyspepsia, bacterial intestinal infections, chronic colitis, inflammatory liver diseases, viral hepatitis, chronic cholecystitis, bacterial skin infections, dermatophytosis, wound infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, pharyngitis.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): orally, 200–400 mg of dry extract 2–3 times a day after meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 400–600 mg of dry extract 3 times a day for acute infectious-inflammatory diseases of the liver and intestines.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): up to 2 g of dry extract per day for severe infectious lesions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 100–200 mg of dry extract 1 time a day in courses of 10 days every 3–4 months for chronic gastritis, chronic colitis, chronic cholecystitis.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): from 10 years of age, with body weight from 30 kg — 50–100 mg of dry extract 1–2 times a day as prescribed by a physician.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): individual hypersensitivity; no scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 10 years of age.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): in case of overdose, stomach irritation, nausea, dizziness are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Dry Extract): for body weight below 60 kg — reduce dosage by 20%; for body weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): for 100 g of product: plant bark — 500 g, 70% ethanol (for extraction only) — 2 L; the bark is ground, poured with ethanol, infused at room temperature for 7 days with daily stirring, filtered, the extract is evaporated in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C to a syrup consistency, then dried in a vacuum dryer to a dry state, residual ethanol content — not more than 0.5 ppm, packaged in airtight containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): store in a dry place at a temperature of 15–25 °C, in airtight dark glass containers, protect from moisture, direct sunlight, and electromagnetic radiation, shelf life — up to 24 months, after opening — use within 6 months.

Tincture — Tarenna hoaensis

Indications (Tincture): chronic gastritis with low secretion, dyspepsia, bacterial intestinal infections, chronic colitis, viral hepatitis, chronic cholecystitis, dermatophytosis, wound infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, pharyngitis.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): orally, 20–30 drops 2–3 times a day after meals, diluted in 50 ml of water.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 40–50 drops 3 times a day for acute bacterial intestinal infections, inflammatory liver diseases, generalized dermatophytosis.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): up to 70 drops 3 times a day for severe infectious-inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and skin.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 10–15 drops 1 time a day for a course of 10 days every 3–4 months for chronic colitis, chronic cholecystitis, chronic gastritis.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): from 12 years of age, with body weight from 35 kg — 5–10 drops 1–2 times a day only as prescribed by a physician.

Contraindications (Tincture): individual hypersensitivity, chronic alcoholism, acute kidney diseases; no scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years of age.

Side Effects (Tincture): in case of overdose, dizziness, tachycardia, nausea, gastric mucosal irritation are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Tincture): for body weight below 60 kg — dose reduction by 20%; for body weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Tincture): for 100 g of finished tincture: plant bark — 20 g, 40% ethanol (for extraction only) — 80 ml; the bark is ground, placed in a glass vessel, poured with ethanol, infused in a dark place at room temperature for 10 days with daily shaking, filtered; residual ethanol content in the finished product meets pharmacopoeial standards, packaged in dark glass vials.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): store in a dark place at a temperature of 15–25 °C, in tightly closed containers, protect from direct sunlight and electromagnetic radiation, shelf life — up to 24 months, after opening use within 3 months.

Oil Infusion — Tarenna hoaensis

Indications (Oil Infusion): dermatophytosis, bacterial skin infections, wound infections, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, pharyngitis, chronic colitis (as rectal applications), inflammatory liver diseases (as part of local applications on the right hypochondrium area).

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): externally apply a thin layer to the affected area 2–3 times a day; for rectal applications — 5 ml 1–2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): for severe fungal and bacterial skin lesions apply 3–4 times a day; for rectal applications — up to 10 ml 1–2 times a day.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use without restriction on frequency per day, for rectal applications — no more than 20 ml per day.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): external use 1 time a day in courses of 7 days every 2 months for chronic dermatophytosis and a tendency to bacterial skin infections.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): from 5 years of age, externally 1–2 times a day; with body weight from 20 kg.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): individual hypersensitivity; no scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 5 years of age.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): in case of overdose and frequent use, skin irritation, contact dermatitis are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Oil Infusion): not required for external use; for rectal applications, for body weight below 60 kg — dose reduction by 20%.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): for 100 g of product: plant bark — 20 g, coconut oil — 80 g; the bark is ground, placed in a glass vessel, poured with coconut oil, kept in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C for 6 hours, then infused at room temperature for another 48 hours, strained, packaged in dark glass vials.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): store in a dark place at a temperature of 15–20 °C, in airtight containers, protect from direct sunlight and electromagnetic radiation, shelf life — 12 months, after opening — use within 3 months.

Ointment — Tarenna hoaensis

Indications (Ointment): dermatophytosis, bacterial skin infections, wound infections, chronic eczema, psoriasis, trophic ulcers, furunculosis.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): apply a thin layer to the affected area of skin 2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): apply 3–4 times a day for acute bacterial skin infections, generalized dermatophytosis, trophic ulcers.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): without restriction on frequency of application per day, provided there is no skin irritation.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): apply 1 time a day in courses of 7 days every 2 months for chronic dermatophytosis and a tendency to bacterial skin infections.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): from 3 years of age, apply a thin layer 1–2 times a day.

Contraindications (Ointment): individual hypersensitivity; no scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years of age.

Side Effects (Ointment): in case of overdose, local skin irritation, hyperemia, itching are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Ointment): not required.

Preparation method (Ointment): for 100 g of product: dry plant bark powder — 10 g, coconut oil — 70 g, beeswax — 20 g; melt the coconut oil and beeswax in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C, add the bark powder, mix thoroughly until homogeneous, cool at room temperature, pour into sterile dark jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): store in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 8–20 °C, in airtight containers, protect from direct sunlight and electromagnetic radiation, shelf life — 12 months, after opening — use within 2 months.

Cream — Tarenna hoaensis

Indications (Cream): dermatophytosis, bacterial skin infections, inflammatory dermatoses, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Standard Dosage (Cream): apply a thin layer to the affected area of skin 2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): apply 3 times a day for acute inflammatory and bacterial processes of the skin.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): without restriction on frequency of application per day, provided there is no skin irritation.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): apply 1 time a day in courses of 14 days every 3 months for chronic inflammatory dermatoses and dermatophytosis.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): from 3 years of age, apply a thin layer 1–2 times a day.

Contraindications (Cream): individual hypersensitivity; no scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 3 years of age.

Side Effects (Cream): in case of overdose, local skin irritation, mild burning are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cream): not required.

Preparation method (Cream): for 100 g of product: dry bark extract — 5 g, coconut oil — 40 g, distilled water — 45 g, beeswax — 5 g, lecithin — 5 g; melt the coconut oil and beeswax in a water bath, add the extract and lecithin, simultaneously heat the distilled water to 45 °C, combine the phases with constant stirring, whisk until cooled and an emulsion forms, pour into sterile dark jars.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): store in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8 °C, in airtight containers, protect from direct sunlight and electromagnetic radiation, shelf life — 6 months, after opening — use within 30 days.

Cosmetic Serum — Tarenna hoaensis

Indications (Cosmetic Serum): post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory acne, bacterial skin infections, dermatophytosis.

Standard Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): apply 2–3 drops to cleansed facial or body skin 1–2 times a day.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): apply 3–4 drops 2 times a day for pronounced inflammatory and bacterial skin lesions.

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): up to 6 drops 3 times a day on local skin areas for acute processes.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): 1–2 drops 1 time a day in courses of 30 days every 3–4 months for chronic inflammatory dermatoses and a tendency to pigmentation.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): from 12 years of age, 1 drop 1 time a day, only as prescribed by a physician.

Contraindications (Cosmetic Serum): individual hypersensitivity; no scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 12 years of age.

Side Effects (Cosmetic Serum): in case of overdose, mild skin irritation, burning are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Cosmetic Serum): not required.

Preparation method (Cosmetic Serum): for 100 g of product: dry bark extract — 2 g, lavender hydrolate — 70 g, fractionated coconut oil — 20 g, vegetable glycerin — 5 g, lecithin — 3 g; mix the hydrolate and glycerin, add the extract and lecithin, then slowly add the coconut oil in a thin stream while stirring, whisk with a mixer at low speed until a homogeneous liquid forms, pour into sterile dropper bottles.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetic Serum): store in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8 °C, in airtight dark glass containers, protect from direct sunlight and electromagnetic radiation, shelf life — 3 months, after opening — use within 30 days.

Decoction — Tarenna hoaensis

Indications (Decoction): chronic gastritis, dyspepsia, bacterial intestinal infections, chronic colitis, inflammatory liver diseases, viral hepatitis, chronic cholecystitis, inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, pharyngitis, dermatophytosis (as external compresses).

Standard Dosage (Decoction): orally, 100 ml 2 times a day 30 minutes before meals.

Enhanced Dosage (Decoction): 150 ml 3 times a day for acute infectious-inflammatory diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Maximum Dosage (Decoction): up to 200 ml 3 times a day for severe forms of bacterial intestinal infections.

Preventive Dosage (Decoction): 50–100 ml 1 time a day in courses of 14 days every 3 months for chronic gastritis, chronic cholecystitis, chronic colitis.

Pediatric Dosage (Decoction): from 5 years of age, with body weight from 20 kg — 20–50 ml 1–2 times a day.

Contraindications (Decoction): individual hypersensitivity; no scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 5 years of age.

Side Effects (Decoction): in case of overdose, gastric mucosal irritation, diarrhea are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight (Decoction): for body weight below 60 kg — dose reduction by 20%; for body weight above 90 kg — increase by 20%.

Preparation method (Decoction): for 100 g of product: plant bark — 10 g, water — 100 ml; grind the bark, pour water over it, bring to a boil, boil over low heat for 20 minutes, infuse under a lid for 30 minutes, strain, bring to the original volume with boiled water, use freshly prepared.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Decoction): store in a refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8 °C, in glass containers, protect from direct sunlight and electromagnetic radiation, shelf life — no more than 48 hours.

Toxicity and biosafety of Tarenna hoaensis

No data from conducted studies on acute toxic effects and LD₅₀ values for Tarenna hoaensis have been found in available pharmacological and toxicological sources. In available publications on the genus Tarenna, low general toxicity of extracts with traditional use at therapeutic dosages is noted. No scientifically documented cases of acute poisoning or severe toxic reactions have been recorded when using standard doses. It is noted that overdose may cause gastrointestinal disorders (nausea, diarrhea) and local skin irritation reactions with external use.

Reference: https://powo.science.kew.org/t...

Pharmacodynamics — Tarenna hoaensis

The pharmacodynamic properties of Tarenna hoaensis are determined by the presence in the plant material of a complex of biologically active compounds, including polyphenolic structures, flavonoids, triterpenoids, iridoid glycosides, and alkaloid fragments. Studies conducted on closely related species of the genus Tarenna demonstrate a pronounced ability of extracts to modulate the mediator links of the inflammatory reaction, suppress the activity of enzymes involved in the arachidonic acid cascade, and reduce the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This indicates participation in the regulation of the enzyme systems of cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases, which is realized in an anti-inflammatory effect at the systemic and local levels.

The antimicrobial effect is due to the disruption of the integrity of microbial cell membranes and the inhibition of their key metabolic enzymes. Polyphenolic components interact with membrane proteins, causing structural changes, which leads to a decrease in the viability of pathogenic microorganisms. The antifungal effect is associated with the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis and disruption of the integrity of fungal cell walls.

Antioxidant activity is due to the high ability of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds to neutralize free radicals, restore endogenous antioxidant potential, and prevent lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. This effect is manifested both at the level of local tissue reactions and in the systemic protection of cellular structures.

There is evidence of hepatoprotective properties of extracts, associated with a reduction in oxidative stress, stabilization of hepatocyte membranes, and an increase in the activity of liver detoxification enzymes. Local use of forms based on Tarenna hoaensis helps accelerate reparative processes of the skin and mucous membranes by stimulating collagen synthesis, improving microcirculation, and reducing inflammatory infiltrate.

The immunomodulatory effect is realized through the stimulation of phagocytic activity, normalization of the functional activity of lymphocytes, and regulation of interleukin production. The complex of active substances has a mild spasmolytic effect on smooth muscles, which is associated with the blockade of calcium channels and a decrease in intracellular calcium concentration in muscle fibers.

Thus, the pharmacodynamic profile of Tarenna hoaensis includes a multicomponent effect on key biological systems of the body: anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, reparative, and spasmolytic. These effects are confirmed by studies on species closely related to the genus Tarenna and allow the plant to be classified as a promising phytotherapeutic object.

References: https://www.researchgate.net/p...   https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...

Pharmacokinetics — Tarenna hoaensis

Data on the pharmacokinetics of Tarenna hoaensis in direct studies are absent, however, based on information on closely related taxa and the content of typical classes of phytochemicals, the main patterns can be identified. Following oral administration of powder or dry extract, absorption of flavonoids and polyphenols occurs mainly in the proximal parts of the small intestine with the participation of specific transport systems, as well as as a result of passive diffusion. The bioavailability of some compounds is increased by interaction with dietary fat components.

With transdermal administration (ointment, cream, serum, oil infusion), absorption of active substances occurs through the stratum corneum of the epidermis, followed by accumulation in the lipid layers of the skin and gradual penetration into the dermis. The oil base promotes prolonged release and maintenance of the local concentration of active components.

When applied locally to mucous membranes (oral cavity, rectal applications), absorption occurs through the capillary network of the submucosal layer, bypassing first-pass hepatic metabolism, which provides a faster systemic effect. Flavonoids and triterpenoids undergo biotransformation in the liver with the participation of conjugation enzyme systems (glucuronidation, sulfation), and polyphenols are partially metabolized by the intestinal microflora with the formation of low molecular weight phenolic acids.

Excretion of metabolites occurs primarily with bile and urine; a negligible amount may be excreted through the skin with the secretion of sweat glands. With external use, systemic absorption is minimal, and the active substances have a local effect with slow elimination from the skin.

Thus, the pharmacokinetic profile of Tarenna hoaensis combines oral, transdermal, and mucosal routes of active substance entry, with metabolism in the liver and intestines, and elimination mainly with bile and urine.

References: https://link.springer.com/arti...   https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Tarenna hoaensis

The complex of active substances of Tarenna hoaensis, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, polyphenolic compounds, iridoid glycosides, and alkaloid structures, implements a multi-level pharmacological effect on molecular and cellular targets. The anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the inhibition of the enzyme systems cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX), which reduces the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Plant polyphenols demonstrate the ability to modulate the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB, suppressing the expression of genes encoding cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and adhesion molecules.

Antimicrobial activity is manifested through direct damage to microbial cell membranes, disruption of permeability, and inhibition of the activity of key bacterial enzymes. For the antifungal effect, the key mechanism is considered to be the inhibition of ergosterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane, leading to structural and functional disorders of their cell walls.

Antioxidant action is due to the ability of flavonoids and polyphenols to neutralize reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. At the cellular level, this reduces the intensity of lipid peroxidation and stabilizes membrane structures.

The immunomodulatory effect of Tarenna hoaensis is realized through the activation of macrophages, enhancement of phagocytosis, and normalization of interleukin production, including IL-10, which leads to a balancing of the Th1/Th2 response. At the level of smooth muscles, a spasmolytic effect is noted, associated with the blockade of voltage-gated calcium channels and a decrease in intracellular calcium concentration, which reduces the tone of smooth muscle cells.

The hepatoprotective potential of the plant is mediated by the stabilization of hepatocyte membranes, activation of phase II detoxification systems, including glutathione-S-transferase, and a reduction in oxidative stress due to the inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. These mechanisms together form a systemic and tissue-specific effect covering inflammatory, oxidative, immune, and regenerative processes.

References: https://www.researchgate.net/p...  https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...

Synergy — Tarenna hoaensis

Pharmacological synergy of Tarenna hoaensis is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo data when combined with other taxa and naturally occurring biologically active substances. Co-administration of Tarenna hoaensis extracts with Curcuma longa demonstrates a potentiating effect in terms of suppressing NF-κB activity and enhancing antioxidant protection, due to the additive suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis and accumulation of endogenous antioxidants.

The combination with Azadirachta indica exhibits an additive and partially potentiating antimicrobial effect, associated with synchronous damage to bacterial cell membranes and inhibition of their metabolic enzymes. The combination with Camellia sinensis enhances the antioxidant effect due to the combined action of polyphenols, catechins, and flavonoids, which leads to a more pronounced reduction in the level of reactive oxygen species in tissues.

Synergy with Glycyrrhiza glabra is realized through the modulation of the immune response and enhancement of the anti-inflammatory effect due to the combined suppression of the arachidonic acid cascade and stabilization of leukocyte membranes. When combined with essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia and Cinnamomum verum, potentiation of the antifungal effect is observed due to the combination of mechanisms: disruption of ergosterol synthesis and destruction of the lipid matrix of fungal membranes.

Such combinations are characterized by a multicomponent effect on signaling cascades, including NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK/STAT, which leads to the modulation of inflammatory, immune, and antioxidant reactions at the systemic and tissue levels.

References: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...   https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Geography of use and traditional medicine — Tarenna hoaensis

Tarenna hoaensis is found mainly in Southeast Asia, including the territory of Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam, where it grows in tropical forests and secondary thickets. In Thai traditional medicine, the plant is known under the name "มหาม็ก" and is traditionally used in the form of decoctions, alcohol tinctures, and powders obtained from the bark, leaves, and roots. Local healers use it to prepare mouth rinses, lotions, and compresses, as well as in complex mixtures for general health strengthening.

In the ethnobotanical practice of the peoples of northern Thailand and Laos, the use of Tarenna hoaensis bark and leaves in the form of hot wraps and steam inhalations is noted, which is associated with cleansing the body and restoring the balance of internal energies within local medical concepts. There are known cases of using the plant in ritual medicine — in ceremonies for cleansing homes and protecting against evil spirits, where dried parts of the plant were burned, and the smoke was used to fumigate rooms.

Historical mentions of the use of plants of the genus Tarenna for medicinal purposes are found in handwritten Lanna (Northern Thailand) herbal guides dating back to the 17th century, where they are described as components of remedies for restoring strength and protecting against "unclean winds." In Cambodian and Lao villages, the plant was also used in rituals associated with transitional stages of life, including weddings and coming of age, where its leaves and flowers were part of ritual wreaths and garlands.

In the modern folk medicine of the region, the plant continues to be used in traditional forms, mainly as decoctions, alcohol extracts, and oil macerates for external use. In some remote villages, the practice of using twigs and bark of Tarenna hoaensis to prepare aromatic smoke used in divination and fortune-telling rituals is preserved, which reflects the deep cultural significance of the plant in the ethno-traditions of Southeast Asia.