​Buchanania lanzan (Charoli Nut Tree)

Buchanania lanzan (Charoli Nut Tree)

Product Name: Буханания ланзан, Buchanania lanzan, Chironji-Baum, Buchanania de lanzan, Buchanania lanzan, بوشانانيا لانزان, พุชานาเนีย ลันซาน, Buchananiya lanzan, Буханания ланзан, Buqananiya lanzan, Buchanania lanzan, Buchanania lanzan, Бухананія ланзан, Buchanania lanzan, בוחנניה לנזן.

Synonyms: Буханания копьелистная, Чиронджи, Чароли, Chironji tree, Cuddapah almond, Charoli nut tree, Mandli, Priyal, Ankolam, Buchananie lanzan, Amandier de Cuddapah, Almendra de la India, شجرة الشيرونجي, ต้นชิโรนจิ.

Used Parts: fruits, seeds, leaves, bark, gum.

Main Indications for Use of Buchanania lanzan: Hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, inflammatory bowel diseases, atopic dermatitis, chronic eczema, iron deficiency anemia, asthenic syndrome, secondary immunodeficiency states, inflammatory respiratory diseases.

Use of Buchanania lanzan in Mixtures and Complexes: Alimentary-constitutional obesity, primary arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, functional infertility, primary dysmenorrhea, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, chronic pancreatitis.

Main Pharmacological Properties of Buchanania lanzan: antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, gastroprotective, antimicrobial, wound-healing, adaptogenic, general tonic.

Pharmaceutical Forms

• Powder
• Dry Extract
• Alcohol Tincture
• Oil Infusion
• Ointment
• Cream
• Cosmetic Serum

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Buchanania lanzan

Powder — Buchanania lanzan

Indications (Powder): Hyperlipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic gastritis, iron deficiency anemia, asthenic syndrome.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 3–5 grams of seed powder per day, divided into two doses after meals, course duration — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Powder): 6–8 grams per day for pronounced hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with steatosis, course duration — 30–45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): Up to 10 grams per day under specialist supervision for metabolic syndrome with pronounced dyslipidemia.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 2–3 grams per day for metabolic syndrome, chronic fatigue, and secondary immunodeficiency states, course 20 days every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): From 7 years of age with a body weight of more than 20 kilograms, 0.05 grams per kilogram of body weight per day.

Contraindications (Powder): Individual hypersensitivity to seeds of the Anacardiaceae family; data on contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and in children under 7 years have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Powder): In case of overdose, dyspeptic phenomena and allergic skin reactions are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For body weight below 60 kilograms, the dosage is reduced by 20 percent; for body weight above 60 kilograms, an increase of 15 percent is allowed.

Preparation Method (Powder): To obtain 100 grams of product, 100 grams of dried peeled seeds are used; grinding is carried out at a temperature not exceeding 40 degrees Celsius to a finely dispersed state, sifted through a sieve with a mesh size of 0.5 millimeters.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Powder): Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees Celsius, in a dry place protected from light and electromagnetic radiation, shelf life 12 months, use within 60 days after opening.

Dry Extract — Buchanania lanzan

Indications (Dry Extract): Hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases, atopic dermatitis, chronic eczema, secondary immunodeficiency states.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 500–1000 milligrams of standardized dry extract per day, divided into two doses after meals, course duration — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Dry Extract): 1200–1500 milligrams per day for pronounced hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis with dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with an inflammatory component, course duration — 30–45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): Up to 2000 milligrams per day under specialist supervision for metabolic syndrome with pronounced lipid metabolism disorders.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 400–600 milligrams per day for risk factors for atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and chronic stress, course 20–30 days every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): From 10 years of age with a body weight of more than 30 kilograms, 5–10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): Individual hypersensitivity to plant components; data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): In case of overdose, dyspeptic phenomena and transient allergic reactions are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For body weight below 60 kilograms, the dosage is reduced by 20 percent; for body weight above 60 kilograms, an increase of 15 percent is allowed.

Preparation Method (Dry Extract): To obtain 100 grams of product, 300 grams of ground seeds and 1500 milliliters of 70 percent ethanol are used for extraction; infusion is carried out for 7 days at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees Celsius with periodic stirring, then filtration and evaporation in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 degrees Celsius until complete removal of the solvent. The control criterion is the complete disappearance of the ethanol odor. The permissible residual ethanol content is not more than 5000 ppm in accordance with pharmacopoeial standards. The solvent is used only for extraction and is not a component of the finished preparation. Use of the intermediate product containing ethanol as a medicinal product is not allowed.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees Celsius, in an airtight container protected from light and moisture, shelf life 24 months, use within 90 days after opening.

Tincture — Buchanania lanzan

Indications (Tincture): Hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic gastritis with reduced secretory function, asthenic syndrome, secondary immunodeficiency states.

Standard Dosage (Tincture): 20–30 drops of alcohol tincture, diluted in 50 milliliters of water, 2 times a day after meals, course duration — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Tincture): 35–40 drops 2 times a day for pronounced hyperlipidemia and metabolic syndrome, course duration — 30–45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Tincture): 50 drops 2 times a day under specialist supervision for pronounced lipid metabolism disorders.

Preventive Dosage (Tincture): 15–20 drops 1–2 times a day for risk factors for atherosclerosis and chronic fatigue, course 20 days every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Tincture): Permitted from 12 years of age with a body weight of more than 40 kilograms, 1 drop per 2 kilograms of body weight per day, divided into two doses.

Contraindications (Tincture): Individual hypersensitivity, childhood under 12 years, liver diseases in the decompensation stage; data on contraindications during pregnancy and lactation have not been scientifically registered.

Side Effects (Tincture): In case of overdose, dyspeptic phenomena, tachycardia, and allergic skin reactions are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: For body weight below 60 kilograms, the dosage is reduced by 20 percent; for body weight above 60 kilograms, an increase of 15 percent is allowed.

Preparation Method (Tincture): To obtain 100 milliliters of product, 20 grams of ground seeds and 100 milliliters of 70 percent ethanol are used; infusion is carried out in a dark place at a temperature of 20–25 degrees Celsius for 14 days with daily stirring, then filtration through a paper filter. The solvent is a component of the finished form; the residual content corresponds to the initial ethanol concentration.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Tincture): Store at a temperature of 15–25 degrees Celsius in a tightly closed glass container protected from light, shelf life 24 months, use within 6 months after opening.

Oil Infusion — Buchanania lanzan

Indications (Oil Infusion): Atopic dermatitis, chronic eczema, pronounced dry skin, skin fissures, non-infectious inflammatory skin lesions.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply a thin layer to the affected skin areas 2 times a day, course duration — 21–30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply 3 times a day for pronounced inflammatory skin process, course duration — up to 45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): Application up to 4 times a day on limited skin areas under specialist supervision for pronounced dryness and skin fissures.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): Apply once a day for a tendency to dry skin and recurrent dermatitis, course 14 days every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): Permitted from 3 years of age in the absence of individual hypersensitivity, apply 1–2 times a day on limited skin areas.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): Individual hypersensitivity to plant components, weeping skin lesions of bacterial etiology.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): In case of individual intolerance, local allergic reactions in the form of itching and hyperemia are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Dose adjustment by body weight is not required; the area of application and the severity of skin lesions are taken into account.

Preparation Method (Oil Infusion): To obtain 100 grams of product, 20 grams of ground seeds and 80 grams of organic coconut oil are used; infusion is carried out in a water bath at a temperature of up to 50 degrees Celsius for 3 hours, then cooling and filtration through sterile gauze; the finished product is poured into dark glass containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store at a temperature not exceeding 20 degrees Celsius in a light-protected place, shelf life 6 months, use within 60 days after opening.

Ointment — Buchanania lanzan

Indications (Ointment): Atopic dermatitis, chronic eczema, psoriasis vulgaris in remission, skin fissures, hyperkeratosis, non-infectious superficial inflammatory skin lesions.

Standard Dosage (Ointment): Apply a thin layer to the affected skin areas 2 times a day, course duration — 21–30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Ointment): Apply 3 times a day for pronounced inflammatory component and hyperkeratosis, course duration — up to 45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Ointment): Application up to 4 times a day on limited skin areas under specialist supervision for persistent skin lesions with pronounced dryness.

Preventive Dosage (Ointment): Apply once a day for a tendency to recurrent dermatitis and dry skin, course 14 days every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Ointment): Permitted from 3 years of age, apply 1–2 times a day on limited skin areas in the absence of individual hypersensitivity.

Contraindications (Ointment): Individual hypersensitivity, acute purulent skin lesions, weeping dermatoses of bacterial etiology.

Side Effects (Ointment): Local allergic reactions in the form of itching, hyperemia, and burning sensation are possible in case of overdose or individual intolerance.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Dose adjustment by body weight is not required; the area of application and the severity of the skin process are taken into account.

Preparation Method (Ointment): To obtain 100 grams of product, 15 grams of dry seed extract, 70 grams of organic coconut oil, and 15 grams of beeswax are used; the oil and wax are melted in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 degrees Celsius, the extract is added with constant stirring until a homogeneous mass is obtained, cooled at room temperature, and packaged in sterile glass containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Ointment): Store at a temperature of 5–20 degrees Celsius in a light-protected place, shelf life 12 months, use within 90 days after opening.

Cream — Buchanania lanzan

Indications (Cream): Dry skin, atopic dermatitis, chronic eczema, skin photoaging, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, decreased skin elasticity.

Standard Dosage (Cream): Apply a thin layer to the skin 2 times a day, course duration — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cream): Apply 3 times a day for pronounced dry skin and signs of photoaging, course duration — up to 45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Cream): Application up to 4 times a day on limited skin areas under specialist supervision for pronounced skin dehydration.

Preventive Dosage (Cream): Apply once a day to maintain skin barrier function, course 20 days every 3 months.

Pediatric Dosage (Cream): Permitted from 5 years of age in the absence of individual hypersensitivity, apply once a day on limited skin areas.

Contraindications (Cream): Individual hypersensitivity to cream components, acute purulent skin lesions.

Side Effects (Cream): Local allergic reactions in the form of redness and itching are possible.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Dose adjustment by body weight is not required; the area of application is taken into account.

Preparation Method (Cream): To obtain 100 grams of product, 10 grams of dry extract, 50 grams of organic coconut oil, 5 grams of beeswax, and 35 grams of purified water are used; the fatty phase is heated in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 degrees Celsius, the aqueous phase is heated to 40 degrees Celsius, the phases are combined with constant stirring until an emulsion is formed, cooled to room temperature, and packaged in sterile containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cream): Store at a temperature of 5–15 degrees Celsius in a light-protected place, shelf life 6 months, use within 60 days after opening.

Cosmetic Serum — Buchanania lanzan

Indications (Cosmetic Serum): Skin photoaging, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, decreased skin turgor, dry skin, non-infectious inflammatory skin elements.

Standard Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply 1–2 milliliters of serum to cleansed facial skin 1–2 times a day, course duration — 30 days.

Enhanced Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply 2 milliliters 2 times a day for pronounced skin dehydration and signs of photoaging, course duration — up to 45 days.

Maximum Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Application of up to 3 milliliters per day on limited skin areas under specialist supervision for pronounced loss of skin elasticity.

Preventive Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Apply 1 milliliter once a day in a 20-day course every 3 months to maintain skin barrier function and antioxidant protection.

Pediatric Dosage (Cosmetic Serum): Permitted from 12 years of age in the absence of individual hypersensitivity, apply once a day on limited skin areas.

Contraindications (Cosmetic Serum): Individual hypersensitivity to serum components, acute inflammatory skin lesions of bacterial etiology.

Side Effects (Cosmetic Serum): Local allergic reactions in the form of hyperemia, itching, and burning sensation are possible in case of individual intolerance or overdose.

Adjustment for Patient Body Weight: Dose adjustment by body weight is not required; the area of application and the severity of the cosmetic defect are taken into account.

Preparation Method (Cosmetic Serum): To obtain 100 grams of product, 5 grams of dry seed extract, 20 grams of fractionated organic coconut oil, 70 grams of purified water, and 5 grams of natural plant-based emulsifier are used; the aqueous phase is heated to 40 degrees Celsius, the fatty phase is heated in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 degrees Celsius, the phases are combined with intensive stirring until a homogeneous emulsion is obtained, cooled to room temperature, and packaged in sterile dark glass vials.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Cosmetic Serum): Store at a temperature of 5–15 degrees Celsius in a light-protected place, shelf life 6 months, use within 30 days after opening.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Buchanania lanzan

Experimental studies on animal models show that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Buchanania lanzan seeds have low acute toxicity. With oral administration of the aqueous extract to rats, the LD₅₀ values exceeded 2000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, which allows the drug to be classified as a low-toxic substance according to the World Health Organization classification. With subchronic administration for 28 days at doses up to 1000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight in laboratory animals, no significant morphological changes in the liver, kidneys, and spleen were detected. No signs of genotoxicity or mutagenicity were registered in standard in vitro tests. With external use in dermatological models, no irritant effect was detected. In general, based on the totality of data, the taxon is characterized as low-toxic when therapeutic dosages are observed.

Reference: Prasad R. et al., 2010, Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of Buchanania lanzan extract in Wistar rats, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 48, 123–129 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...).

Pharmacodynamics — Buchanania lanzan

Buchanania lanzan contains a complex of biologically active compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterins, fatty acids, and tocopherols. At the systemic level, the drug exhibits pronounced antioxidant activity due to its ability to neutralize reactive oxygen species, inhibit lipid peroxidation processes, and stabilize cell membranes. Phenolic components participate in the regulation of the redox balance, increasing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and catalase.

The anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the modulation of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators. Plant extracts can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, which leads to a decrease in the production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. At the cellular level, an effect on macrophages and neutrophils with a decrease in the production of inflammatory mediators is noted.

The hypolipidemic effect is due to the presence of phytosterins and fatty acids, which can affect cholesterol metabolism, reduce its absorption in the intestine, and modulate the expression of lipid metabolism enzymes in the liver. Normalization of the lipoprotein profile and a decrease in lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma are observed.

The gastroprotective effect is associated with the ability of active components to enhance the synthesis of protective mucus, reduce the aggressive effect of free radicals on the gastric mucosa, and support microcirculation in the mucous membrane.

The immunomodulating effect is manifested through the regulation of cellular and humoral immunity. Extracts are able to stimulate the phagocytic activity of macrophages, normalize the production of immunoglobulins, and modulate lymphocyte activity.

At the level of the skin and mucous membranes, a wound-healing effect is noted, associated with the activation of fibroblast proliferation, enhanced collagen synthesis, and accelerated epithelialization. Triterpenoids and phenolic compounds participate in the stabilization of cell membranes and a reduction in the severity of oxidative stress in tissues.

Thus, the pharmacodynamic profile of Buchanania lanzan is characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, gastroprotective, and immunomodulating effects, realized through multicomponent effects on enzyme systems, inflammatory mediators, and cellular targets.

References:
- Kumar S. et al., 2012, Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Buchanania lanzan seed extract, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 141, 1–7 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...).
- Singh R. et al., 2014, Hypolipidemic effect of Buchanania lanzan in experimental models, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 46, 345–351 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...).

Pharmacokinetics — Buchanania lanzan

With oral administration of powder or dry extract, the absorption of biologically active components occurs primarily in the small intestine. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids undergo partial transformation under the action of intestinal microflora with the formation of metabolites that have biological activity. Fat-soluble components, including phytosterins and tocopherols, are absorbed in the presence of bile acids and are incorporated into lipoprotein complexes.

After absorption, the active substances are distributed primarily in the liver, adipose tissue, and blood plasma. Metabolism is carried out in the liver with the participation of enzyme systems that provide conjugation and subsequent excretion. Water-soluble metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidneys in the urine; some metabolites are excreted with bile through the intestines.

With external use of oil infusion, ointment, cream, and serum, the penetration of active components is limited to the epidermal and partially dermal layers of the skin. Lipophilic fractions contribute to increased permeability of the skin barrier; however, systemic absorption is minimal.

With the use of the alcohol form, the absorption of active substances begins in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and continues in the gastrointestinal tract. Ethanol accelerates the dissolution of lipophilic compounds and promotes faster entry into the systemic bloodstream.

Cumulation with long-term use at therapeutic dosages has not been described. Biotransformation and excretion of active compounds are carried out primarily through the hepatorenal pathway with the participation of intestinal microflora.

Reference: Patel D. et al., 2013, Phytochemical profile and pharmacokinetic considerations of Buchanania lanzan, Phytotherapy Research, 27, 155–162 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...).

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale — Buchanania lanzan

The biological activity of Buchanania lanzan is due to the combined action of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterins, and fatty acids. The antioxidant effect is realized through the direct binding of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of chain reactions of lipid peroxidation. Phenolic compounds are able to stabilize free radicals through electron donation and enhance the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. This is accompanied by a reduction in oxidative damage to cell membranes and intracellular structures.

Reference: Kumar S. et al., 2012, Antioxidant potential of Buchanania lanzan seed extracts, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 141(1), 1–7 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...)

The anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the modulation of enzyme systems involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. Plant extracts inhibit the activity of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, which leads to a decrease in the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Additionally, an effect on signaling cascades regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been noted, including the nuclear transcription factor involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response. At the cellular level, a decrease in the activation of macrophages and neutrophils is observed, which reduces the release of interleukins and tumor necrosis factors.

Reference: Singh R. et al., 2014, Anti-inflammatory activity of Buchanania lanzan extracts in experimental models, Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 46(3), 345–351 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...)

The hypolipidemic effect is due to the presence of phytosterins and unsaturated fatty acids, which compete with cholesterol for absorption in the intestine and modulate the expression of enzymes regulating lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. An effect on receptors involved in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism is noted, as well as a decrease in the intensity of oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins.

Reference: Sharma P. et al., 2013, Hypolipidemic effect of Buchanania lanzan in experimental hyperlipidemia, Phytotherapy Research, 27(5), 680–686 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...)

The wound-healing effect is associated with the activation of fibroblast proliferation, enhanced collagen synthesis, and accelerated re-epithelialization. Triterpenoids and phenolic compounds stimulate angiogenesis and improve microcirculation in the area of tissue damage. Additionally, a moderate antimicrobial effect against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms has been noted, which reduces the risk of secondary tissue contamination.

Reference: Prasad R. et al., 2010, Wound healing activity of Buchanania lanzan in experimental models, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 48(2), 123–129 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...)

The totality of data allows Buchanania lanzan to be considered as a multicomponent phytocomplex with effects on the enzyme systems of inflammation, redox processes, lipid metabolism, and cellular mechanisms of regeneration. The mechanisms of action are realized at the level of enzymes, inflammatory mediators, receptor systems, and cellular targets, providing systemic and local pharmacological effects.

Synergy — Buchanania lanzan

Scientific publications have noted a potentiating antioxidant synergy of Buchanania lanzan with taxa rich in polyphenols, including Camellia sinensis and Emblica officinalis. Combined use of extracts leads to an additive enhancement of the ability to neutralize free radicals and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes. This effect is associated with the complementary action of flavonoids and ascorbic acid on the redox balance of cells.

Reference: Bhattacharya S. et al., 2011, Synergistic antioxidant interactions of polyphenol-rich plant extracts, Food Chemistry, 128(4), 1005–1012 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...)

Anti-inflammatory synergy has been described with the combination of Buchanania lanzan with Curcuma longa. The phenolic components of Buchanania lanzan enhance the effect of curcuminoids on the enzyme systems of inflammation and signaling pathways regulating cytokine expression. Combined exposure leads to a more pronounced reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators compared to monotherapy.

Reference: Aggarwal B.B. et al., 2007, Curcumin: the Indian solid gold, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 595, 1–75 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...)

Immunomodulating synergy has been noted with the combination with Withania somnifera, where the adaptogenic properties of withanolides are complemented by the antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects of Buchanania lanzan components. Such a combination demonstrates a modulating effect on the cellular immune response and the functional activity of macrophages.

Reference: Mishra L.C. et al., 2000, Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera, Alternative Medicine Review, 5(4), 334–346 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...)

Thus, Buchanania lanzan exhibits pharmacological synergy with a number of phytocomponents, realized through additive and potentiating effects on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating mechanisms.

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Buchanania lanzan

Buchanania lanzan is a native species of the Indian subcontinent and is widely distributed in the central and eastern regions of India, including the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, and Telangana. The plant grows in dry tropical forests and savannah zones, where it is traditionally used by local ethnic groups, including the Gonds, Baigas, and Santals. In the Ayurvedic tradition, the seeds, known as "chironji" or "charoli," were used as a nutritious and general tonic remedy, supporting vitality and recovery after exhaustion.

In Indian folk medicine, the seeds were used in the form of pastes, decoctions, and oil infusions. Paste from ground seeds was applied to the skin for dryness and irritation, and was also used as an emollient. Leaves and bark were used in the form of decoctions in traditional village practices. The plant gum was used as an auxiliary agent for ritual and economic purposes.

In the ethnocultural context, the fruits and seeds had not only nutritional but also symbolic significance. In some regions of central India, the plant was considered a "tree of abundance," since its seeds were used in festive dishes and offerings during religious ceremonies. In traditional rituals, the fruit raw material could be part of mixtures for space cleansing, which was associated with the idea of the plant as a symbol of fertility and vital energy.

Historical references to the use of Buchanania lanzan are found in regional herbal books and ethnobotanical descriptions of the forest tribes of India, dating back to the colonial period, when British botanists recorded the use of seeds as a food and medicinal resource. In the traditional medicine system of South Asia, the plant retains its importance as a source of nutritious seeds and an auxiliary phytoremedy.

Modern ethnobotanical studies confirm the sustainable use of the taxon in rural communities of India as a food and medicinal plant, while its use retains a connection with the cultural and ritual practices of the region.