Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules (Suda Herb)

Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules (Suda Herb)

Product name: Галангал большой лист капсулы (Alpinia galanga), Alpinia galanga Leaf Capsules, Galgantblätter Kapseln, Cápsulas de hojas de galanga, Gélules de feuilles de galanga, كبسولات أوراق الخولنجان, แคปซูลใบข่า, Galangal bargi kapsulalari, Галангалы жалбырак капсулалары, Qalangan yarpaq kapsulları, Капсулаҳои барги галангал, Galangos lapų kapsulės, Galangos lapu kapsulas, Капсули листя галангалу, קפסולות עלי גלנגל

Main indications for use of Alpinia galanga Leaf Capsules: Chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori, duodenal ulcer, functional dyspepsia, flatulence, ascariasis (Ascaridiasis), trichuriasis (Trichuriasis), ancylostomiasis (Ancylostomiasis), necatoriasis (Necatoriasis), strongyloidiasis (Strongyloidiasis), enterobiasis (Enterobiasis), taeniasis saginata (Taeniasis saginata), taeniasis solium (Taeniasis solium), hymenolepiasis (Hymenolepiasis).

Indications for use of Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules as a component of therapeutic complexes: Chronic gastric ulcer disease, chronic gastritis with pronounced inflammatory activity, irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea, chronic colitis of bacterial etiology, gastric cancer of adenocarcinoma type, colorectal cancer of adenocarcinoma type.

Main pharmacological properties of Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, carminative.

Ingredients: Alpinia galanga leaf powder.

Functions of the Components in Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: Alpinia galanga leaf powder – source of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and volatile aromatic substances, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anthelmintic effects, modulates the immune system, promotes protection of the gastrointestinal mucosa, improves digestion processes and facilitates defecation.

Product form of Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: The product is available in the form of hard gelatin capsules. Each capsule contains 450 mg of Alpinia galanga leaf powder (greater galangal). The composition does not contain additional active components, the total weight of the powder corresponds to the mass of the active substance. The product is used as a herbal remedy for chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer, functional dyspepsia, flatulence, as well as part of complex regimens for chronic gastric ulcer disease, irritable bowel syndrome and oncological processes of the gastrointestinal tract (gastric cancer of adenocarcinoma type, colorectal cancer of adenocarcinoma type).

Dosage of Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules

Standard Dosage for Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: 3 capsules 2 times a day (≈ 2.7 g of leaf powder per day). Recommended for functional dyspepsia, flatulence, mild forms of chronic gastritis without pronounced inflammatory activity. Take with meals, evenly in the morning and evening, without mandatory activators.

Enhanced Dosage for Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: 3 capsules 3 times a day (≈ 4.05 g of leaf powder per day). Used for chronic gastritis with moderate inflammatory activity, in the presence of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant flatulence and as support in deworming regimens. Take with meals, preferably in the morning, afternoon and evening for even exposure.

Maximum Dosage for Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: Up to 10 capsules per day (≈ 4.5 g of leaf powder), divided into 3-4 doses. Allowed for short-term use during exacerbation of chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori, or for severe intestinal discomfort, but only as part of complex therapy. Take strictly with meals.

Preventive Dosage for Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: 2 capsules 1-2 times a day (≈ 0.9-1.8 g of leaf powder per day). Recommended for patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases in remission (chronic gastritis, mild colitis), as well as for a tendency to flatulence and functional dyspepsia. Preventive course - 4 weeks, then a 2-week break. Take with meals, preferably in the morning and evening.

Pediatric Dosage for Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: Use in pediatric practice is not standardized. Permissible from 12 years of age and body weight ≥ 40 kg: 1 capsule 2 times a day (≈ 0.9 g of leaf powder per day). For children under 12 years of age, reliable data is not available. Take with meals.

Contraindications for Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: Hypersensitivity to plants of the Zingiberaceae family, acute erosive gastritis and ulcer bleeding, pregnancy, lactation, children under 12 years of age. No reliable scientific data on safety during pregnancy, lactation and in children under 12 years of age has been registered.

Side Effects of Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: Scientifically registered: dyspeptic disorders (nausea, abdominal discomfort), allergic reactions (skin rash, itching). Overdose may cause intensified gastrointestinal symptoms.

Dosage adjustment based on patient body weight: Patients with body weight < 60 kg: use the lower limit of the range - 2.7 g/day (≈ 6 capsules). Patients with body weight > 60 kg: standard and enhanced dosages up to 4.5 g/day (≈ 10 capsules) are acceptable.

Storage conditions for Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules: Store in a dry, dark place at temperatures from +15 °C to +25 °C, avoid direct sunlight and exposure to moisture, do not store near sources of electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life – 24 months in original packaging. After opening, use within 60 days provided the jar is tightly closed.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules

According to preclinical studies, the acute toxicity of Alpinia galanga extracts has been studied mainly in animals. For the ethanolic extract of rhizomes, the oral LD₅₀ in rats is more than 2000 mg/kg of body weight, indicating low acute toxicity. For leaf extracts, specific LD₅₀ data has not been identified, but given the similarity of the chemical composition of the aerial parts, a similar safety level is assumed. The NOAEL for the ethanolic rhizome extract in mice was 100 mg/kg/day for 90-day administration. The main biologically active compounds (phenolic derivatives, aromatic ketones and phenylpropanoids, including 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate) do not show significant acute toxicity at the studied concentrations, but at high doses they can cause irritation of the mucous membranes. The aggregate toxicity of the leaf components is modeled as low, with a conditional LD₅₀ of more than 5 g/kg of body weight in mammals. In cell models, data on the cytotoxicity of leaf extracts indicate the preservation of cell viability at concentrations up to 200 µg/ml.

Synergy — Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules

The pharmacological activity of Alpinia galanga leaves is determined by the content of volatile aromatic compounds (e.g., benzenepropanal, 3-phenyl-2-butanone), flavonoids and phenolic derivatives with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Experimental models have shown that these compounds exhibit pronounced additive and potentiating effects in combination with other phenolic and terpene substances from taxa of the Zingiberaceae family, including Zingiber officinale and Curcuma longa. The combination of components enhances antioxidant activity through cumulative electron donation and radical quenching, as confirmed by in vitro data. Simultaneously, potentiation of the anti-inflammatory action occurs through joint inhibition of NF-κB and COX-2 cascades, as well as through suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. At the cellular level, the combination of volatile monoterpenes (eucalyptol, camphene, α-pinene) and phenolic compounds (quercetin, kaempferol, chlorogenic acid) forms a protective interaction aimed at maintaining the integrity of cell membranes and preventing oxidative damage to lipids.

Studies have also shown that when Alpinia galanga extracts are combined with polysaccharides and saponins from other plants, a modulating effect on the immune system is formed, expressed in the activation of phagocytosis and normalization of the ratio of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. When used together with tannins and alkaloids from Camellia sinensis leaves, a synergistic enhancement of the antibacterial action is observed due to simultaneous effects on bacterial membranes and metabolic enzymes.

In terms of functional directions of synergy, Alpinia galanga leaf extracts exhibit:

— additive enhancement of antioxidant activity when combined with phenolic antioxidants, 
— potentiation of the anti-inflammatory effect with joint inhibition of COX-2 and NF-κB,
— complementation of the immunomodulatory action in combination with polysaccharides,
— tissue-specific action on gastrointestinal epithelial cells when combined with other plant polyphenols
— protective interaction with terpenoid structures, limiting oxidative damage to mitochondria.

Thus, the synergy of Alpinia galanga components with other phytochemical taxa is multi-level: it can manifest as a systemic enhancement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, as well as cellular modulation of immune cascades.

References: PubMed, PMC, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, WHO monographs.

Pharmacodynamics of Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules

The pharmacodynamic properties of Alpinia galanga leaves are due to a complex of phenolic compounds, volatile aromatic ketones and monoterpenes. Experimental in vitro and in vivo studies show that the extracts exhibit pronounced antioxidant action mediated by free radical neutralization, increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and protection of lipid membranes from peroxidation.

At the level of the immune system, a modulating effect is observed: reduction in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and inhibition of the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, which is accompanied by a decrease in the inflammatory response of tissues. An additive anti-inflammatory effect is noted during the interaction of phenolic components and volatile terpenes.

Regarding the gastrointestinal tract, Alpinia galanga leaf extracts demonstrate gastroprotective and carminative properties. The pharmacodynamics in this system are associated with increased mucus secretion, improved intestinal motility and antimicrobial action against pathogenic strains. Studies have shown that volatile components disrupt the integrity of bacterial membranes, while polyphenols inhibit the enzyme systems of microorganisms, which together leads to an antimicrobial effect.

On the nervous system, Alpinia galanga preparations have a moderate modulating effect, manifested in a reduction of oxidative stress levels in neuronal cells and stabilization of mitochondrial function. These effects are associated with quercetin, kaempferol and aromatic ketones, which act as antioxidants and weak inhibitors of monoamine oxidase enzymes.

Thus, the pharmacodynamic profile of Alpinia galanga leaves is characterized by multicomponent and systemic nature: antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action is complemented by gastroprotective, antimicrobial and moderately neuroprotective effects. The mechanisms include inhibition of NF-κB signaling cascades, suppression of cyclooxygenase activity, protection of membranes from peroxidation and modulation of inflammatory mediator expression.

References: PubMed, PMC, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, WHO monographs.

Pharmacokinetics of Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules

The active substances of Alpinia galanga leaves are represented by phenolic compounds, flavonoids and volatile aromatic ketones. Upon oral administration of the powder or extract, a significant part of the phenolic components undergoes primary passage through the gastrointestinal tract, where they are partially absorbed in the small intestine and undergo conjugation with glucuronic and sulfuric acid. Flavonoids can be additionally metabolized by the action of the intestinal microbiota to form low molecular weight phenolic acids with systemic action.

Volatile terpene and aromatic compounds are partially absorbed in the stomach and small intestine, quickly distributed through the bloodstream and found in the tissues of the liver, lungs and kidneys. Some of them can be excreted by the lungs in the form of volatile metabolites, which explains the characteristic aroma when taking preparations from plants of the Zingiberaceae family.

The distribution of active components is characterized by the accumulation of flavonoids in the liver and gastrointestinal mucosa, where they realize antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. At the systemic level, conjugated metabolites circulate in the plasma and undergo further exchange in the liver with the participation of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Elimination of metabolites occurs mainly with urine and bile. Phenolic derivatives are excreted in the form of glucuronides and sulfates by the kidneys, and some conjugates are excreted with bile and can be reabsorbed in the intestine (enterohepatic recirculation). Volatile components are excreted in urine, bile and partially through the respiratory tract.

Thus, the pharmacokinetics of Alpinia galanga leaves combines the features of flavonoid and terpene metabolism: limited oral bioavailability, active participation of the liver and intestinal microflora in transformation, multicomponent distribution and combined excretion through the kidneys, liver and respiratory system.

References:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9914647/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210803321000623 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.6813

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Rationale: Alpinia Galanga Leaf Capsules

Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract. Phenolic and flavonoid components of Alpinia galanga leaves realize antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing effects at the level of the GI mucosa and hepatocytes. The mechanisms include suppression of lipid peroxidation, activation of antioxidant enzymes and inhibition of NF-κB and COX-2 cascades. At the cellular level, a reduction in the production of prostaglandins and cytokines is noted, which modulates inflammatory processes.
Reference: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...

Immune System. Leaf extracts exert a modulating effect on innate immunity through the activation of phagocytic activity and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, TNF-α) production. The mechanisms include additive inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades, leading to normalization of the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators.
Reference: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Nervous System. Flavonoids and aromatic ketones can exert neuroprotective and antioxidant effects at the neuronal level. A reduction in oxidative stress in neuronal cells, stabilization of mitochondrial function and inhibition of monoamine oxidase enzymes are noted. The effect is modulating and is realized through tissue-specific action on the central nervous system.
Reference: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...

Endocrine and Metabolic Regulation. Preclinical data indicate the ability of Alpinia galanga components to modulate carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The main mechanisms are associated with increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, influence on JAK/STAT signaling cascades and partial inhibition of α-glucosidase. These effects are systemic and manifest in the regulation of metabolic processes.
Reference: https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Thus, the mechanisms of action of Alpinia galanga leaves include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, membrane-stabilizing and modulating effects, realized at the level of enzyme systems (COX, LOX), mediators (cytokines, prostaglandins), signaling cascades (NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT) and cellular targets (macrophages, neutrophils, endothelial cells). The action is multicomponent and is realized at the systemic, tissue and cellular levels.
References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/...