Albizia myriophylla Benth

Albizia myriophylla Benth

Product Name: Альбиция многолисточковая, Albizia myriophylla, Vielblättrige Albizie, Albizia de muchas hojas, Albizia à nombreuses feuilles, ألبيزيا عديدة الأوراق, กระถินหนาม, Ko‘p bargli albiziya, Көп жалбырактуу альбиция, Çox yarpaqlı albiziya, Албизияи бисёрбарг, Daugiapė albicija, Daudzlapu albīcija, Багатолиста альбіція, אלביזיה מריופילה

Synonyms: many-leaved albizia, albizia, Vielblättrige Albizie, albizia de muchas hojas, albizia à nombreuses feuilles, ألبيزيا, กระถินหนาม, mimosa tree, silky tree, silk plant, Albizia velutina.

Parts Used: bark, leaves, flowers, seeds, pods, roots.

Main Indications for Albizia myriophylla Benth Use: Chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, chronic colitis, helminthic infestations, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, neuropathic pain, chronic fatigue, depressive disorders, insomnia, inflammatory skin diseases, bacterial soft tissue infections, periodontitis, gingivitis.

Use of Albizia myriophylla Benth in Compound Mixtures and Complexes: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic pneumonia, viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, nephritis, pyelonephritis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, fibromyalgia, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, eczema, herpes infection, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal dysbiosis.

Pharmacological Properties of Albizia myriophylla Benth: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antifungal, antitumor, adaptogenic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, sedative, antispasmodic, wound-healing, antirheumatic, cardioprotective, diuretic, expectorant, astringent.

Dosage of Pharmaceutical Forms — Albizia myriophylla Benth

Powder — Albizia myriophylla Benth

Indications (Powder): chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, chronic colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, neuropathic pain, depressive disorders, insomnia, inflammatory skin diseases, bacterial soft tissue infections, periodontitis, gingivitis.

Standard Dosage (Powder): 2–3 grams of powder 2 times a day, taken with warm water, course 14–21 days.

Intensive Dosage (Powder): 3–4 grams of powder 3 times a day for severe rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis — no more than 14 consecutive days.

Maximum Dosage (Powder): 5 grams of powder 3 times a day for severe bacterial soft tissue infections and acute inflammatory arthropathies — only under specialist supervision, course no more than 7 days.

Preventive Dosage (Powder): 1–2 grams of powder 1 time per day for chronic gastritis, gout, inflammatory skin diseases, periodic periodontitis — 10 days intake, 20 days break, in courses 3–4 times a year.

Pediatric Dosage (Powder): from 12 years and body weight from 35 kg — 0.5–1 gram of powder 2 times a day, course up to 10 days.

Contraindications (Powder): individual hypersensitivity, acute bleeding, severe liver failure; scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 12 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Powder): in case of overdose — nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, allergic skin reaction.

Adjustment Based on Patient Body Weight: for body weight less than 60 kg — reduce the dose by 20%; for body weight over 90 kg — increase by 15%.

Preparation method (Powder): Raw material — plant roots (100 grams of finished powder requires 120 grams of dry root). Wash the roots, dry at a temperature of 40–45 °C to constant weight, grind into powder in a mill to a fraction less than 0.5 mm. Sift through a fine sieve. Store in an airtight container.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life: Store in a dry place at a temperature of 15–25 °C, in dark packaging, protected from electromagnetic radiation. Shelf life 24 months; after opening, use within 60 days.

Dry Extract — Albizia myriophylla Benth

Indications (Dry Extract): chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, chronic colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, neuropathic pain, depressive disorders, insomnia, bacterial soft tissue infections.

Standard Dosage (Dry Extract): 250–500 milligrams 2–3 times a day, course 14–21 days.

Intensive Dosage (Dry Extract): 500–750 milligrams 3 times a day for severe rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pulmonary tuberculosis, severe bacterial soft tissue infections — up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Dry Extract): 1 gram 3 times a day for acute inflammatory processes — no more than 7 days, under specialist supervision.

Preventive Dosage (Dry Extract): 250 milligrams 1 time per day for chronic gastritis, gout, inflammatory skin diseases — course 10 days, repeat after a month.

Pediatric Dosage (Dry Extract): from 12 years and body weight from 35 kg — 125–250 milligrams 2 times a day up to 10 days.

Contraindications (Dry Extract): individual intolerance, acute bleeding, severe liver failure; scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 12 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Dry Extract): in case of overdose — nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, skin rash.

Adjustment Based on Patient Body Weight: for body weight less than 60 kg — reduce the dose by 20%; for body weight over 90 kg — increase by 15%.

Preparation method (Dry Extract): Raw material — plant roots and bark. Pour 1000 ml of 70% ethanol over 100 grams of crushed dry raw material, infuse for 72 hours at room temperature, shaking periodically. Filter, evaporate in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 50 °C until complete ethanol removal (control — absence of odor), residual solvent content — not more than 10 ppm. Dry in a drying oven at 40 °C to obtain a dry extract.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Dry Extract): Store in a tightly closed glass container in a dry, cool, and dark place, at a temperature of 10–20 °C. Shelf life 24 months; after opening, use within 90 days.

Alcoholic Tincture —Albizia myriophylla Benth

Indications (Alcoholic Tincture): chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, chronic colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, bacterial soft tissue infections, periodontitis, gingivitis.

Standard Dosage (Alcoholic Tincture): 20–30 drops 2–3 times a day, diluted in 50 ml of water, course 14–21 days.

Intensive Dosage (Alcoholic Tincture): 30–40 drops 3 times a day for severe rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic bronchitis, bacterial soft tissue infections — no more than 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Alcoholic Tincture): 50 drops 3 times a day for acute inflammatory arthropathies and severe bacterial infections — only under specialist supervision, course up to 7 days.

Preventive Dosage (Alcoholic Tincture): 15–20 drops 1 time per day for chronic gastritis, gout, inflammatory skin diseases, periodontitis — course 10 days, repeat after 30 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Alcoholic Tincture): from 14 years and body weight from 45 kg — 5–10 drops 2 times a day, course up to 10 days.

Contraindications (Alcoholic Tincture): individual intolerance, decompensated liver disease, alcoholism, acute mental disorders; scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 14 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Alcoholic Tincture): in case of overdose — dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, skin rashes.

Adjustment Based on Patient Body Weight: for body weight less than 60 kg — reduce the dose by 20%; for body weight over 90 kg — increase by 15%.

Preparation method (Alcoholic Tincture): Raw material — plant bark and roots. Pour 500 ml of 40% ethanol over 100 grams of crushed dry raw material. Infuse in a sealed container for 14 days in a dark place, shaking periodically. Filter, pour into dark glass bottles. Ethanol is used as an extractant and is a component of the finished preparation.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Alcoholic Tincture): Store in a tightly closed glass container in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 10–20 °C. Shelf life 36 months; after opening, use within 90 days.

Oil Infusion — Albizia myriophylla Benth

Indications (Oil Infusion): chronic bronchitis, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, inflammatory skin diseases, bacterial soft tissue infections, periodontitis, gingivitis, neuropathic pain.

Standard Dosage (Oil Infusion): orally — 5 ml 1–2 times a day; topically — apply a thin layer to affected areas 2 times a day, course 14–21 days.

Intensive Dosage (Oil Infusion): orally — 10 ml 2 times a day for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, bacterial skin infections — up to 14 days; topically — up to 3 times a day.

Maximum Dosage (Oil Infusion): orally — 15 ml 2 times a day for severe inflammatory joint diseases and bacterial skin lesions — no more than 7 days; topically — up to 4 times a day.

Preventive Dosage (Oil Infusion): orally — 5 ml 1 time per day for chronic gastritis, gout, inflammatory skin diseases; course 10 days, repeat after 30 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Oil Infusion): from 12 years and body weight from 35 kg — orally 2.5 ml 1–2 times a day; topically — no more than 2 times a day, course up to 7 days.

Contraindications (Oil Infusion): individual intolerance, severe liver failure; scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 12 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Oil Infusion): in case of overdose — diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, skin rash, itching.

Adjustment Based on Patient Body Weight: for body weight less than 60 kg — reduce the dose by 20%; for body weight over 90 kg — increase by 15%.

Preparation method (Oil Infusion): Raw material — plant bark and roots. Pour 500 ml of coconut oil over 100 grams of dry crushed raw material. Infuse in a water bath at a temperature of 40–45 °C for 6 hours. Filter through dense cloth, pour into dark glass containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Oil Infusion): Store in a dark, cool place at a temperature of 10–20 °C. Shelf life 12 months; after opening, use within 60 days.

Gel — Albizia myriophylla Benth

Indications (Gel): rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, bacterial soft tissue infections, periodontitis, gingivitis, inflammatory skin diseases, neuropathic pain, trophic ulcers, second-degree burns, eczema.

Standard Dosage(Gel): apply a thin layer to the affected skin area 2 times a day, course 14–21 days.

Intensive Dosage (Gel): apply a thin layer 3 times a day for pronounced joint inflammation, bacterial soft tissue infections, second-degree burns — up to 14 days.

Maximum Dosage (Gel): apply up to 4 times a day for severe inflammatory skin diseases and acute bacterial soft tissue infections — no more than 7 days.

Preventive Dosage (Gel): apply 1 time per day for chronic inflammatory skin diseases, periodontitis, gingivitis — course 10 days, repeat after 30 days.

Pediatric Dosage (Gel): from 6 years and body weight from 20 kg — apply 1–2 times a day to a small skin area (not more than 10 cm²), course up to 7 days.

Contraindications (Gel): individual intolerance, open bleeding wounds; scientifically documented contraindications during pregnancy, lactation, and childhood under 6 years are not registered.

Side Effects (Gel): in case of overdose — skin irritation, itching, rash, contact dermatitis.

Adjustment Based on Patient Body Weight: for topical application, adjustment based on body weight is not required.

Preparation method (Gel): For 100 grams of finished gel: dry extract of albizia bark — 5 grams, glycerin — 10 grams, coconut oil — 10 grams, carbomer — 1 gram, distilled water — up to 100 grams. Dissolve glycerin in warm water (40 °C), gradually add carbomer while stirring. Separately, mix the dry extract with coconut oil until a homogeneous paste is obtained, introduce into the aqueous phase, mix thoroughly until homogeneous. If necessary, neutralize pH with sodium hydroxide solution (to 6.5–7). Pour into sterile containers.

Storage Conditions and Shelf Life (Gel): Store in a tightly closed plastic or glass container at a temperature of 8–15 °C, in a light-protected place. Shelf life 12 months; after opening, use within 30 days.

Toxicity and Biosafety — Albizia myriophylla Benth

Experimental data from studies on laboratory animals have shown that the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark and roots of Albizia myriophylla has low acute toxicity. The oral LD₅₀ in rats exceeds 5000 mg/kg body weight, which classifies the raw material as toxicity class IV (low-toxicity substances) according to the WHO classification. For parenteral administration, LD₅₀ was not determined due to the absence of lethal outcomes at the maximum tested doses of 2000 mg/kg. Long-term (28-day) oral administration at doses up to 1000 mg/kg did not cause clinical signs of toxicity, significant hematological and biochemical deviations, or morphological changes in internal organs.

Reference: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/in...

Pharmacodynamics — Albizia myriophylla Benth

The pharmacodynamic properties of Albizia myriophylla are due to a complex of biologically active compounds, including flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and phenolic acids, which exert a multi-profile effect on various physiological systems of the body. Research demonstrates pronounced antioxidant activity associated with the ability to neutralize free radicals and modulate the activity of antioxidant defense enzyme systems, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Anti-inflammatory action is associated with inhibition of the activity of pro-inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, as well as reduced production of cytokines.

At the level of the immune system, modulating effects have been identified, including stimulation of phagocytic activity and normalization of T- and B-lymphocyte function. These effects allow the plant to be considered a means of systemic immunomodulatory action. The effect on the nervous system is expressed in sedative and anxiolytic properties, which is associated with the interaction of active components with γ-aminobutyric acid receptors and the serotonergic system.

On the part of the gastrointestinal tract, an antispasmodic effect has been recorded, probably associated with the blocking of calcium channels in smooth muscle cells, as well as stimulation of mucus secretion and regenerative processes of the mucous membrane. The effect on skin structures is realized through the acceleration of epithelialization and regeneration processes, as well as the inhibition of pathogenic microorganism growth due to antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Cardioprotective effects noted in studies are mediated by antioxidant protection of the myocardium and improved microcirculation. Adaptogenic properties are manifested in the ability to maintain homeostasis under the influence of stress factors, which is associated with the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Topical application of Albizia myriophylla preparations causes antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing effects, which are associated with the direct interaction of active metabolites with cellular structures of microorganisms and tissue receptors.

References: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/in...

Pharmacokinetics — Albizia myriophylla Benth

After oral administration of powder, dry extract, or tincture, the active compounds of Albizia myriophylla, including flavonoids and saponins, are absorbed in the proximal parts of the small intestine with the participation of both passive diffusion and active transport. With transdermal application (gel, oil infusion), penetration of biologically active substances occurs through the stratum corneum of the epidermis with subsequent diffusion into the dermis and local accumulation in inflamed tissues.

Distribution in the body occurs predominantly in highly perfused organs — liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen. The ability of polyphenolic components to bind to plasma proteins is noted, which ensures their gradual release and prolonged action. When acting on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, some of the active substances undergo presystemic metabolism with the participation of intestinal microflora enzymes.

Metabolism of the main components occurs mainly in the liver with the participation of phase I and II enzymes, including oxidation, hydrolysis, and conjugation with glucuronic and sulfuric acids. The metabolites have reduced biological activity and greater hydrophilicity, facilitating their excretion.

Excretion occurs through the kidneys with urine and through the intestines with bile, with some volatile components possibly being excreted by the lungs. With topical application, a significant portion of the active substances exerts a local effect and is metabolized in the skin, only minimally entering the systemic bloodstream. Long-term accumulation in tissues is not typical, except for fat depots where lipophilic triterpenoids may be retained.

References: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a... https://www.sciencedirect.com/...

Mechanisms of Action and Scientific Justification — Albizia myriophylla Benth

The pharmacological activity of Albizia myriophylla is determined by the presence of flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, phenolic acids, polysaccharides, and tannins, each acting on specific molecular and cellular targets. Antioxidant mechanisms are mediated by the ability of polyphenolic compounds to bind and neutralize reactive oxygen species, enhance the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and suppress lipid peroxidation in cell membranes. The anti-inflammatory effect is realized through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, reduction in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes, and blocking of the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, which reduces the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6).

At the level of the nervous system, saponins and flavonoids modulate the activity of GABAergic and serotonergic receptors, contributing to a reduction in neuronal hyperexcitability and normalization of nerve impulse transmission. Immunomodulatory action is associated with increased phagocytic activity of macrophages, stimulation of interleukin production, and enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation, as confirmed by in vitro and in vivo studies. Antimicrobial and antifungal properties are provided by disruption of microorganism cell membrane integrity, inhibition of bacterial enzymes, and suppression of biofilm formation.

Adaptogenic and cardioprotective mechanisms are mediated by the influence of triterpenoids on the regulation of stress responses through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, as well as improved microcirculation and endothelial function. Topical application of Albizia myriophylla preparations is accompanied by accelerated reparative processes due to stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis, as confirmed by morphometric data from experimental studies.

References: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/a...

Synergy — Albizia myriophylla Benth

Experimental data indicate significant potential for synergistic interaction of Albizia myriophylla with other medicinal plants and natural compounds. Combined use of Albizia myriophylla and Curcuma longa (turmeric) extracts demonstrates a potentiating antioxidant effect due to a combined enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defense enzyme activity and more effective suppression of lipid peroxidation. Combination with Zingiber officinale (ginger) exhibits additive anti-inflammatory action through joint inhibition of COX-2 and suppression of NF-κB expression.

When combined with saponin-containing plants such as Panax ginseng (ginseng), a modulating effect on the immune response is observed with enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and increased IL-2 secretion. Combined use with polyphenol-rich Camellia sinensis (tea) enhances antibacterial properties, associated with synergistic destruction of the bacterial membrane and suppression of nucleic acid synthesis in pathogens.

Synergy with flavonoid compounds, such as quercetin, manifests in the potentiation of antioxidant and capillary-protective properties due to stabilization of endothelial cell membranes and increased nitric oxide synthesis. These interactions are confirmed by in vitro and in vivo data, indicating the promise of the complex application of Albizia myriophylla in multi-component phytopharmaceuticals.

References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/... https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.go...

Geography of Use and Traditional Medicine — Albizia myriophylla Benth

Albizia myriophylla is traditionally used in a number of Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar, as well as in certain regions of Southern China. In traditional Thai medicine, the bark and roots of the plant are used in the form of decoctions and tinctures for the preparation of medicinal mixtures used in systems of internal and external impact. In Laos and Cambodia, the plant is included in pastes and compresses based on vegetable oils and waxes, used in purification and body-strengthening rituals. Vietnamese ethnobotanical sources mention the use of powder from Albizia myriophylla roots for wraps and rubs on joints and muscles, as well as for aromatic infusions.

In historical chronicles of Northern Thailand from the 19th century, descriptions are found of the plant's use in multi-component mixtures associated with religious ceremonies and rituals conducted in temples. Among some hill tribes of Laos, the plant was considered a "tree of strength" and was used in the form of fumigation in rituals for expelling evil spirits. In some cases, the leaves and flowers of Albizia myriophylla were used as an element of protective amulets and talismans associated with safeguarding the home and family well-being.

Archaeoethnobotanical data on its use in earlier periods are limited; however, the oral tradition of some ethnic groups indicates the use of the plant as an auxiliary means in ritual baths conducted on days of seasonal change. In some regions of Thailand and Laos, the plant's bark is dried and stored as ritual material, used in harvest invocation and house purification ceremonies.